Abstract
The fundamental plan and organization of the neocortex is the result of a slow evolutionary process which appears to have evolved through different transformations to eventually become the most intricate part of the nervous system. Its origins appear to have been at the reptile to mammal transition stage in the Triassic period of the Mesozoic era and continued for approximately 100 million years to reach a final prototype in the basal Insectivora in the late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. Studies by Filimonoff (1949) showed that the great growth of the neocortex, and the complications of its structure as a whole, represent the principal characteristics of the evolution of the cerebrum in the course of phylogeny. In addition to the increase in the surface area of the neocortex, it also shows a qualitative progression and enrichment with differentiation of more specialized cellular elements. In this connection, the evolution of the cerebral cortex corresponds to a development and improvement of the sense organs, while the sequence of appearance of the cortical regions corresponds to the consecutive differentiation of these organs.
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Morgane, P.J., Glezer, I.I. (1990). Sensory Neocortex in Dolphin Brain. In: Thomas, J.A., Kastelein, R.A. (eds) Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. NATO ASI Series, vol 196. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2_7
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