Summary
Two kinds of postural patterns opposite to inborn ones were elaborated in dogs. Some dogs were trained to avoid electrical stimulation of left forelimb by lifting the limb and keeping it lifted for 5s. This reaction had to be accompanied by decreasing the pressure on the support of the ipsilateral hindlimb, so the inborn “diagonal” postural pattern (unloading the limb diagonally opposite to the lifted one and loading the other pair of limbs) was rearranged into the “ipsilateral” one. The other dogs were trained to escape electrical stimulation of one forelimb by increasing the support pressure of the limb (this reaction is opposite to the inborn flexor reflex). Ablation of the motor cortex contralateral to the performing limb resulted in temporary disturbances of the rearranged postural patterns. After bilateral ablation of the motor cortex the elaborated postural patterns disappeared and mainly inborn postural coordinations were performed. The program of the elaborated reaction was maintained and mainly the executive mechanisms were disturbed (inhibition of the inborn reactions). The motor cortex probably controls the rearrangement of postural coordinations modulating functions of the appropriate brain stem structures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Balezina, N.P., Ioffe, M.E., Mats, V.N., and Pavlova, O.G., 1984, On the role of cortical association systems in performance of learned motor coordination (on the model of alimentary instrumental reflex in dogs), Int J. Neurosci., 22: 198.
Burlachkova, N.I., and Ioffe, M.E., 1979, The analysis of the postural adjustment accompanying a local movement, Agressology. 20, B: 141–142.
Dufossé, M., Macpherson, J., and Massion, J., 1982, Biomechanical and electrophysiological comparison of two postural supporting mechanisms in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 45: 38–44.
Egiazaryan, E.L., Ioffe, M.E., Paramonov, A.A., Krovyakov, Yu.V., Vyatkin, A.V., Geletsyan, F.G., and Nikolaev, G.V., 1980, Device for posture studies in dogs (in Russian), Zh. Vvssh. Nervn. Deyat., 30: 205–207.
Evarts, E.V., Shinoda, Y., and Wise, S.P., 1984, “Neurophysiological Approaches to Higher Brain Functions”, A Neuroscience Institute Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Frolov, A.A., Birjukova, E.V., and Ioffe, M.E., 1988, The influence of motion kinematics on a support pressure pattern in quadruped, in “Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts”, V.S. Gurfinkel, M.E. Ioffe, J. Massion and J.P. Roll, eds., Plenum Press: New York.
Fulton, J.F., 1949, “Physiology of the Nervous System”, 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
Gahéry, Y., Ioffe, M.E., Massion, J., and Polit, A., 1980, The postural support of movement in cat and dog, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 40: 741–756.
Gorska, T., 1974, Functional organization of cortical motor areas in adult dogs and puppies. Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 34: 171–203.
Ioffe, M.E., 1973, Pyramidal influences in establishment of new motor coordinations in dogs. Physiol. Behav., 11: 145–153.
Ioffe, M.E., 1975, “Cortico-spinal mechanisms of instrumental motor reactions” (in Russian), Nauka Publishing House, Moscow.
Ioffe, M.E., Frolov, A.A., Gahéry, Y., Frolov, A.G., Coulmance, M., and Davydov, V.I., 1982, Biomechanical study of the mechanisms of postural adjustment accompanying learned and induced limb movements in cats and dogs, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 42: 469–482.
Ioffe, M.E., Frolov, A.A., Konnov, M.I., Kiseljova, N.V., and Birjukova, E.V., 1985, The learned rearrangement of an inborn postural pattern, Physiol. Bohemoslov., 34 (suppl.): 63–66.
Korjakin, M.F., 1958, Contribution of postural excitation in patterning the conditioned defensive motor reflex in the dog (in Russian), Fiziol. Zh. SSR, 44: 393–403.
Lawrence, D.G., and Kuypers, H.G.J.M., 1968, The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions, Brain, 91: 1–14.
Martin, J.P., 1967, “The basal ganglia and posture”, Pitman Med. Publ.: London.
Massion, J., 1979, Role of motor cortex in postural adjustments associated with movement, in: “Integration in the Nervous System” (H. Asanuma and V.J. Wilson, eds), pp. 239–260, Igaku-Shoin: Tokyo-New York.
Massion, J., 1984, Postural changes accompanying voluntary movement. Normal and pathological aspects. Human Neurobiol., 2: 261–267.
Phillips, C.G., and Porter, R., 1977, “Corticospinal Neurons. Their Role in Movement”, Academic Press: New York.
Shumilina, N.I., 1949, On the participation of pyramidal and extrapyramidal system in motor activity of deafferented limb (in Russian), in: “Problems of Higher Nervous Activity” (P.K. Anochin, ed.), pp. 196–207, Publishing House of USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
Tsukahara, N., 1986, Cellular basis of classical conditioning mediated by the red nucleus in the cat, in: “Neural Mechanisms of Conditioning” (D.L. Alkon and C.D. Woody, eds), pp. 127–139, Plenum Press: New York.
Wiesendanger, M., 1981, The pyramidal tract. Its structure and function, in: “Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology”, v. 5, (A.L. Towe and E.S. Luschei, eds), pp. 401–491, Plenum Publishing Corporation: New York.
Zhuravin, J.A., and Bures, J., 1986, Operant slowing of the extension phase of the reaching movement in rats, Physiol. Behav., 36: 611–617.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ioffe, M.E., Ivanova, N.G., Frolov, A.A., Birjukova, E.V., Kiseljova, N.V. (1988). On The Role of Motor Cortex in the Learned Rearrangement of Postural Coordinations. In: Gurfinkel, V.S., Ioffe, M.E., Massion, J., Roll, J.P. (eds) Stance and Motion. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0821-6_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0821-6_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0823-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0821-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive