Abstract
For a number of years, we have conducted research designed to promote increased understanding of psychological treatment through an analysis of the language used by those who are participating in such treatment. Although our assumptions, conceptual work, and method have been shaped by work in several areas such a linguistics, psychology, and sociology, the research itself is a direct development from theorizing and earlier empirical investigations conducted by Pepinsky and his colleagues (cf. Pepinsky, 1970; Pepinsky & Karst, 1964; Pepinsky & Patton, 1971). This early work developed an interactive definition of psychological treatment (Pepinsky & Patton, 1971) which subsequently became the basis for a still developing model of counselor-client interaction and change (Patton, Fuhriman & Bieber, 1977; Pepinsky, 1974, 1984; Pepinsky & DeStefano, 1983; Rush, Pepinsky, Landry, Meara, Strong, Valley, & Young, 1974).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, J. N. (1971). The grammar of case: Towards a localislic theory. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Barak, A., & LaCrosse, M. (1975). Multitimensional perception of counselor behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 471–476.
Bieber, M. R. (1978). A language analysis of three counseling series. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Bieber, M. R., Patton, M. J., & Fuhriman, A. J. (1977). A metalanguage analysis of coun-selor and client verb usage in counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, (4), 264–271.
Brentano, F. (1955). Psychologie von empirischen Standpunkt [Pyschology from an empirical standpoint]. Hamburg: Felix Meiner.
Chafe, W. S. (1970). Meaning and structure of language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cook, W. A. (1979). Case grammar: Development of the matrix model (1970–1978). Washington, D. C: Georgetown University Press.
Davis, K. L., Meara, N. M., & Moore, K. B. (1984, April). A language analysis of resistance in psychological treatment. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counseling. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
DeStefano, J. S., Pepinsky, H. B., & Sanders, T. S. (1982). Discourse rules for literacy learning in a classroom. In L. C. Wilkenson (Ed.), Communicating in the classroom (pp. 101–129). New York: Academic Press.
Edwards, J. A. (1978). Analysis of the relationship between grammatical structure and construct domains in counseling. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Utah.
Filmore, C. J. (1968). The case for case. In E. Bach and R. T. Harms (Eds.), Universals in linguistic theory (pp. 1–88). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Friedlander, M. L. (1984). Psychotherapy talk as social control. Psychotherapy, 21, 333–339.
Friedlander, M. L., & Phillips, S. D. (1984). A stochastic process analysis of interactive discourse in early counseling interviews. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 139–148.
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Garfinkel, H., & Sacks, H. (1971). On formal structures of practical actions. In J. C. McKinney and E. A. Tiryakian (Eds.), Theoretical sociology: Perspective and developments (pp. 337–366). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Garfinkel, H., Lynch, M., & Livingston, E. (1981). The work of a discovering science construed with materials from the optically discovered pulsar. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11, 131–158.
Goldstein, A. P. (1962). Therapist-patient expectancies in psychotherapy. New York, NY: MacMillan.
Goldstein, A. P. (1966). Psychotherapy research by extrapolation from social psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 13, 38–45.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hassan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Highlen, P. S., & Hill, C. (1984). Factors affecting client change in individual counseling: Current status and theoretical speculations. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology, (pp. 334–396). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Highlen, P. S., Hampl, S. P., Lonborg, S. D., Lassiter, W. L., & Williams, D. A. (1982, August). Convergence of content and structural approaches for analyzing the counseling process. Symposium presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Washington, DC.
Highlen, P. S., Lonborg, S. D., Hampl, S. P., & Lassiter, W. L. (1982). Classification system for counseling responses (CSCR) manual. Unpublished manuscript: The Ohio State University.
Hurndon, C. J., Pepinsky, H. B., & Meara, N. M. (1979). Conceptual level and structural complexity in language. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 190–197.
Jaffe, J. (1964). Verbal behavior analysis in psychiatric interviews with the aid of digital computers. In D. M. K. Roch and E. A. Weinstein (Eds.), Disorders of communication, (Vol. 42). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Kidder, D. W. (1984, April). Use of calas in a study of counselor empathy and client verbal behavior. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counseling. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Kiesler, D. J. (1973). The process of psychotherapy: Empirical foundations and systems of analysis. Chicago: Aldine.
May, G. (1977). Psychotherapy and language: Linguistic convergence between therapist and client. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.
Meara, N. M. (1976). A computer-assisted language analysis system for research on natural language. In H. B. Pepinsky (Chair), Linguistic convergence of therapist and client. Symposium presented at the Inter-American Congress of Psychology, Miami Beach.
Meara, N. M. (1983). calas: Conceptualizations and caveats in communicating and coun-seling. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA.
Meara, N. M., & Patton, M. J. (1984). Language analysis and policies of psychological treatment: An overview. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counsel-ing. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Meara, N. M., Shannon, J. W., & Pepinsky, H. B. (1979). Comparison of the stylistic complexity of the language of counselor and client across three theoretical orientations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 181–189.
Meara, N. M., Pepinsky, H. B., Shannon, J. W., & Murray, W. A. (1981). Semantic communication and expectations for counseling across three theoretical orientations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 110–118.
Oster, R. Q. (1979). The identification of topical tracking in three counseling series. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Patton, M. J. (1969). Attraction discrepancy and responses to psychological treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 16, 317–324.
Patton, M. J. (1984). Managing social interaction in counseling: A contribution from the philosophy of science. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 443–457.
Patton, M. J., & Sullivan, J. J. (1980). Heinz Kohut and the classical psychoanalytic tradition: An analysis in terms of levels of explanation. Psychoanalytic Review, 62(3), 365–388.
Patton, M. J., Fuhriman, A. J., & Bieber, M. R. (1977). A model and a metalanguage for research on psychological counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 25–34.
Pepinsky, H. B. (1970). Psychological help-giving as an informed definition of the situation. In H. B. Pepinsky (Ed.), People and information (pp. 261–295). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
Pepinsky, H. B. (1974). A metalanguage for systematic research on human communication via natural language. Journal of the American Security for Information Sciences, 25, 59–69.
Pepinsky, H. B. (1985). A metalanguage of text. In V. M. Rentel, S. A. Carson, and B. R. Dunn (Eds.), Psychophysiological aspects of reading (pp. 263–325). New York: Gordon & Breach.
Pepinsky, H. B., & DeStefano, J. S. (1983). Interactive discourse in the classroom as organizational behavior. In B. A. Hutson (Ed.), Advances in Reading/Language Research (pp. 107–137). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Pepinsky, H. B., & Karst, T. O. (1964). Convergence: A phenomenon in counseling and psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 19, 333–338.
Pepinsky, H. B., & Patton, M. J. (Eds.). (1971). The psychological experiment: A practical accomplishment. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
Pepinsky, H. B., Weick, K., & Riner, J. (1965). Primer for productivity. Columbus: Ohio State University Research Foundation.
Pepinsky, H. B., Baker, W. M., Matalon, R., May, G. D., & Staubus, A. M. (1977). A users manual for the Computer-Assisted Language Analysis System. Columbus: Group for Research and Development in Language and Social Policy. Mershon Center, Ohio State University.
Percy, W. (1972). Toward a triadic theory of meaning. Psychiatry, 21(1), 29–64.
Reed, J. M. (1983). Linguistic evaluation. Unpublished paper. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Reed, J. M., Hector, M. A., & Meara, N. M. (1984, April). The effects of semantic and stylistic variations in language on perception of social influence characteristics in a counseling sophisticated population. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counseling. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Rush, J. E., Pepinsky, H. B., Landry, B. C., Meara, N. M., Strong, S. M., Valley, J. A., & Young, C. E. (1974). A computer-assisted language analysis system. (Computer and Infor-mation Science Research Center, OSU-CISRC-TR-74-1.) Columbus: Ohio State University.
Schutz, A. (1967a). Collected papers I: The problem of social reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schutz, A. (1967b). The phenomenology of the social world. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Shostrom, E. L. (Producer). (1966). Three approaches to psychotherapy. Santa Ana, CA: Psychological Films. (Film)
Strong, S. R. (1968). Counseling: An interpersonal influence process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15, 215–224.
Warden, K. W., & Wycoff, J. P. (1984, April). A linguistic analysis of counselor’s affect-oriented responses across three levels of counseling experience. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counseling. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Wycoff, J. P., Davis, K. L., Hector, M. A., & Meara, N. M. (1982). A language analysis of empathic responding. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 462–467.
Wyman, E. A. (1983). The effects of semantic and stylistic variations in language on perceptions of social influence characteristics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Wyman, E. A., Hector, M. A., & Meara, N. M. (1984, April). The effects of semantic and stylistic variations in language on perception of social influence characteristics. In M. J. Patton (Chair), Research on language analysis in counseling. Session conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Young, C. E. (1973). Development of language analysis procedures with applications to automatic indexing. Columbus: Computer and Information Science Research Center, OSU-CISRC-TR-3-2, Ohio State University.
Zimmerman, D. H., & Pollner, M. (1970). The everyday world as a phenomenon. In H. B. Pepinsky (Ed.), People and information (pp. 33–59). New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Patton, M.J., Meara, N.M. (1987). The Analysis of Natural Language in Psychological Treatment. In: Russell, R.L. (eds) Language in Psychotherapy. Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0496-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0496-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0498-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0496-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive