Abstract
This chapter concerns one of the extralinguistic dimensions of speech, the “roughness” or “influency” or “normal disturbances” in word-word progression.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Are there not very important things which can only reveal themselves, under certain conditions and at certain times, by quite feeble indications? Sigmund Freud (1963, p. 27)
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Auld, F., & Mahl, G. F. (1956). A comparison of the DRQ with ratings of emotions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53, 386–388.
Auld, F., & White, A. M. (1956). Rules for dividing interviews into sentences. Journal of Psychology, 42, 273–281.
Baker, S. J. (1948). Speech disturbances: A case for a wider view of paraphasias. Psychiatry, 11, 359–366.
Baker, S. J. (1951). Autonomic resistances in word association tests. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 20, 275–283.
Bernard, J. W., Zimbardo, P. G., & Sarason, S. (1961). Anxiety and verbal behavior in children. Child Development, 32, 379–392.
Blass, T., & Siegman, A. W. (1975). A psycholinguistic comparison of speech, dictation and writing. Language and Speech, 18, 20–34.
Blumenthal, R. L. (1964). The effects of level of mental health, premorbid history, and interpersonal stress upon the speech disruption of chronic schizophrenic subjects. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 139, 313–323.
Bond, M. H., & Ho, Y. H. (1978). The effect of relative status and the sex composition of a dyad on cognitive responses and non-verbal behavior of Japanese interviewees. Psychologia: An international journal of psychology in the Orient, 21, 128–136.
Bond, M. H., & Iwata, Y. (1976). Proxemics and observation anxiety in Japan: Non-verbal and cognitive responses. Psychology: An international journal of psychology in the Orient, 19, 119–126.
Boomer, D. S. (1963). Speech disturbances and body movement in interviews. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 136, 263–266.
Boomer, D. S., & Goodrich, D. W. (1961). Speech disturbance and judged anxiety. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25, 160–164.
Bradac, J. J., Konsky, C. W., & Elliott, N. D. (1976). Verbal behavior of interviewees: The effects of several situational variables on verbal productivity, disfluency, and lexical diversity. Journal of Communication Disorders, 9, 211–225.
Brady, A. T., & Walker, M. B. (1978). Interpersonal distance as a function of situationally induced anxiety. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17, 127–133.
Cook, M. (1969). Anxiety, speech disturbances, and speech rate. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8, 13–21.
Carnes, E. F., & Robinson, F. P. (1948). The role of client talk in the counseling interview. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 8, 635–644.
Davis, D. M. (1940). The relation of repetitions in the speech of young children to certain measures of language maturity and situational factors. Journal of Speech Disorders, 5, 235–246.
Dibner, A. S. (1956). Cue-counting: A measure of anxiety in interviews. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 475–478.
Dibner, A. S. (1958). Ambiguity and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 165–174.
Dollard, J., & Miller, N. E. (1950). Personality and Psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dollard, J., & Mowrer, O. H. (1947). A method of measuring tension in written documents. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 3–32.
Edelmann, R. J., & Hampson, S. E. (1979). Changes in non-verbal behaviour during embarrassment. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 385–390.
Edelmann, R. J., & Hampson, S. E. (1981). Embarrassment in dyadic interaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 171–177.
Eldred, S. H., & Price, D. B. (1958). A linguistic evaluation of feeling states in psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 21, 115–121.
Eron, L. D. (1950). A normative study of the TAT. Psychological Monographs, 64, No. 9.
Feldstein, S. (1962). The relationship of interpersonal involvement and affectiveness of content to the verbal communication of schizophrenic patients. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 39–45.
Feldstein, S., & Jaffe, J. (1962). The relationship of speech disruption to the experience of anger. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 505–509.
Feldstein, S., & Jaffe, J. (1963). An IBM 650 program written in SOAP for the computation of speech disturbances per time, speaker, and group. Behavioral Science, 8, 86–87.
Feldstein, S., Brenner, M., & Jaffe, J. (1963). The effect of subject sex, verbal interaction and topical focus on speech disruption. Language and Speech, 6, 229–239.
Freud, S. (1960). The psychopathology of everyday life. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 6). London: Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1963). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vols. 15 and 16). London: Hogarth Press.
Froscheis, E., & Jellinck, A. (1941). Practice of voice and speech therapy. Boston: Expression Co.
Geer, J. H. (1966). Effect of fear arousal upon task performance and verbal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71, 119–123.
Gillespie, J. F., Jr. (1953). Verbal signs of resistance in client-centered therapy. In Group report of a program of research in psychotherapy. Pennsylavnia State College.
Gottschalk, L. A. (1961). Comparative psycholinguistic analysis of two psychotherapeutic interviews. New York: International Universities Press.
Horowitz, L. M., Sampson, H., Siegelman, E. Y., Wolfson, A., & Weiss, J. (1975). On the identification of warded-off mental contents: An empirical and methodological contribution. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 545–558.
Horowitz, L. M., Weckler, D., Saxon, A., Livaudais, J. D., & Boutacoff, L. I. (1977). Discomforting talk and speech disruptions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 1036–1042.
Jones, L. V. (1955). Statistical theory and research design. Annual Review of Psychology, 6, 405–430.
Kasl, S. V., & Mahl, G. F. (1956). A simple device for obtaining certain verbal activity measures during interviews. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53, 388–390.
Kasl, S. V., & Mahl, G. F. (1958). Experimentally induced anxiety and speech disturbances. American Psychologist, 13, 349. (Abstract)
Kasl, S. V., & Mahl, G. F. (1965). The relationship of disturbances and hestiations in spontaneous speech to anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 425–433.
Krause, M. S., & Pilisuk, M. (1961). Anxiety in verbal behavior: A validation study. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25, 414–419.
Lassen, Carol L. (1973). Effect of proximity on anxiety and communication in the initial psychiatric interview. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 226–232.
Lerea, L. (1956). A preliminary study of the verbal behavior of speech fright. Speech Monographs, 23, 229–233.
Levin, H., Baldwin, A. L., Gallwey, M., & Paivio, A. (1960). Audience stress, personality, and speech. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 469–473.
Levin, H., & Silverman, I. (1965). Hesitation phenomena in children’s speech. Language and Speech, 8, 67–85.
Maclay, H., & Osgood, C. E. (1959). Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech. Word, 15, 19–44.
Mahl, G. F. (1949). Effect of chronic fear on the gastric secretion of HCl in dogs. Psychosomatic Medicine, 11, 30–44.
Mahl, G. F. (1950). Anxiety, HCl secretion, and peptic ulcer etiology. Psychosomatic Medicine, 12, 158–169.
Mahl, G. F. (1952). Relationship between acute and chronic fear and the gastric acidity and blood sugar levels in Macaca mulatta monkeys. Psychosomatic Medicine, 14, 183–210.
Mahl, G. F. (1955a). Disturbances and silences in the patient’s speech in psychotherapy. Unpublished progress report, January.
Mahl, G. F. (1955b). The use of ‘Ah’ in spontaneous speech. Paper presented at The Annual Meeting of The Eastern Psychological Association.
Mahl, G. F. (1956a). Normal disturbances in spontaneous speech: General quantitative aspects. American Psychologist, 11, 390. (Abstract).
Mahl, G. F. (1956b). Disturbances and silences in the patient’s speech in psychotherapy. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 53, 1–15.
Mahl, G. F. (1956c). Disturbances in the patient’s speech as a function of anxiety. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of The Eastern Psychological Association.
Mahl, G. F. (1957). Speech disturbances and emotional verbal content in interviews. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of The Eastern Psychological Association.
Mahl, G. F. (1958). On the use of ‘Ah’ in spontaneous speech: Quantitative, developmental, characterological, situational, and linguistic aspects. American Psychologist, 13, 349. (Abstract).
Mahl, G. F. (1959). Exploring emotional states by content analysis. In I. deSola Pool (Ed.), Trends in content analysis (pp. 89–130). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Mahl, G. F. (1961). Measures of two expressive aspects of a patient’s speech in two psychotherapeutic interviews. In L. A. Gottschalk (Ed.), Comparative psycholinguistic analysis of two psychotherapeutic interviews (pp. 91-114; 174–188). New York: International Universities Press.
Mahl, G. F. (1980). Mark Twain’s use of speech disturbances in the dialogue of Tom Sawyer. Unpublished manuscript.
Mahl, G. F., & Brody, E. B. (1954). Chronic anxiety symptomatology, experimental stress, and HCl secretion. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 71, 314–325.
Mahl, G. F., & Karpe, R. (1953). Emotions and HCl secretion during psychoanalytic hours. Psychosomatic Medicine, 15, 312–327.
Mahl, G. F., & Kasl, S. V. (1958). Weaning, infantile speech development and “normal” speech disturbances in young adult life. Paper presented at The Annual Meeting of The Eastern Psychological Association.
Mahl, G. F., Dollard, J., & Redlich, F. C. (1954). Facilities for the sound recording and observation of interviews. Science, 120, 235–239.
Mahl, G. F. (1987). Explorations in nonverbal and vocal-behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Meisels, M. (1967). Test anxiety, stress, and verbal behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 577–582.
Meringer, R., & Meyer, K. (1895). Versprechen und Verlesen [Misspeaking and Misreading]. Stuttgart.
Moses, L. E. (1952). Non-parametric statistics for psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 122–143.
Mowrer, O. H., Light, B. H., Luria, Z., & Zeleny, M. P. (1953). Tension changes during psychotherapy, with special reference to resistance. In O. H. Mowrer (Ed.), Psychotherapy, theory and research (pp. 546–640). New York: Ronald Press.
Murray, E. J. (1956). A content-analysis method for studying psychotherapy. Psychological Monographs, 70(13, Whole No. 420).
Musumeci, M. (1975). Speech disturbances as a function of stress induced anxiety in children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, New York.
Nosenko, E. L., Ylchaninov, P. E., Krylova, N. V., & Petrukhin, E. V. (1977). On the possibility of assessing emotional stability using speech characteristics. Voprosy Psikhologii, 46-56.
Page, H. A. (1953). An assessment of the predictive value of certain language measures in psychotherapeutic counseling. In Group report of a program of research in psychotherapy. Pennsylvania State College. Chapter VII.
Paivio, A. (1963). Audience influence, social isolation, and speech. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 247–253.
Panek, D. M., & Martin, B. (1959). The relationship between GSR and speech disturbance in psychotherapy. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 58, 402–405.
Pope, B., Blass, T., Siegman, A. W., & Raher, J. (1970). Anxiety and depression in speech. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 128–133.
Pope, B., Siegman, A. W., & Blass, T. (1970). Anxiety and speech in the initial interview. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 233–238.
Porter, E. H. (1943). The development and evaluation of a measure of counseling interview procedures. Part IL The evaluation. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 3, 215–238.
Raimy, V. C. (1948). Self reference in counseling interviews. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 12, 153–163.
Reich, W. (1948). On character analysis. In R. Fliess (Ed.), The psychoanalytic reader. (Vol. 1). New York: International Universities Press.
Reynolds, A., & Paivio, A. (1968). Cognitive and emotional determinants of speech. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 22, 164–175.
Sanford, F. H., (1942). Speech and personality. Psychological Bulletin, 39, 811–845.
Sarason, S. B., Davidson, K. S., Lighthall, F. F., Waite, R. R., & Ruebush, B. K. (1960). Anxiety in elementary school children. New York: Wiley.
Schulze, G. (1964). Speech disturbances, verbal productivity, self-ratings, and autonomic responses during psychological stress. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University (New Haven).
Schulze, G., Mahl, G. F., & Holzberg, J. D. (1959). A comparison of speech disturbance levels of paranoid schizophrenics and control subjects prior to and during exposure to an erotic stimulus. American Psychologist, 14, 403. (Abstract).
Schulze, G., Mahl, G. F., & Murray, E. J. (1960). Speech disturbances and content analysis categories as indices of emotional states of patients in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 15, 405. (Abstract).
Siegman, A. W., & Pope, B. (1965). Effects of question specificity and anxiety producing messages on verbal fluency in the initial interview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 188–192.
Snyder, W. U. (1945). An investigation of the nature of non-directive psychotherapy. Journal of General Psychology, 33, 193–223.
Sullivan, H. S. (1954). The psychiatric interview. New York: Norton.
Tindall, R. H., & Robinson, F. P. (1947). The use of silence as a technique in counseling. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3, 136–141.
Verón, E., Korn, F., Malfé, R., & Sluzki, C. E. (1966). Perturbación linguística en la comunicación neurótica. [Linguistic Disturbance in Neurotic Communication]. Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológia de America Latina, 12, 129–143.
Zimbardo, P. G., Barnard, J. W., & Berkowitz, L. (1963). The role of anxiety and defensiveness in children’s verbal behavior. Journal of Personality, 31, 79–96.
Zimbardo, P. G., Mahl, G. F., & Barnard, J. W. (1963). The measurement of speech disturbance in anxious children. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 28, 362–370.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mahl, G.F. (1987). Everyday Disturbances of Speech. In: Russell, R.L. (eds) Language in Psychotherapy. Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0496-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0496-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0498-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0496-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive