Abstract
We mentioned in Section 1.3 some important industrial applications of electrolysis—in the chloralkali industry, metal winning and refining, and organic electrosynthesis. As indicated in Section 1.2, we do not intend to describe electrochemical processes in detail, since there are many books on electrochemical technology.’ We will discuss the design of individual reactors, with emphasis on modularized, general purpose flow electrolyzers. We will classify reactors by their mode of operation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Pletcher, D. and Walsh, F. C., 1990, Industrial Electrochemistry“, 2d ed., Chapman & Hall, New York.
Blackmar, G. E., U.S. Patent no. 3,573, 178 (1971).
Fleet, B. and Gupta, S. D., 1976, Novel electrochemical reactor, Nature (London), 263: 5573, 122–123.
Backhurst, J. R., Coulson, J. M., Goodridge, F., Plimley, R. E., and Fleischmann, M., 1969, “A Preliminary investigation of fluidised bed electrodes”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 116: 1600–1607 (1969).
Goodridge, F. and Wright, A. R., 1983, “Porous flow-through and fluidised bed electrodes,” in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 6, ( E. Yeager, J. O’M. Bockris, and S. Sarangapany, eds.) Plenum Press, pp. 393–443.
Hughes, D., 1988, “The dished electrode membrane cell facilitates wide range of syntheses,” Spec. Chem., 8: 16, 17.
Carlsson, L., Holmberg, H., Johansson, B., and Nilsson, A., 1982, “Design of a multipurpose modularised electrochemical cell,” in Techniques of Electroorganic Synthesis, III, ( N. L. Weinberg and B. V. Tilak, eds.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 179–194.
Brooks, W. N. 1986, “The ICI (Mond) FM21 cell as a multipurpose electrolyser, Instit. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser., Electrochemical Engineering,98: 1–12, 320–321.
Degner, D., 1982, “Scale-up of electroorganic processes: Some examples for a comparison of electrochemical syntheses with conventional syntheses,” in Weinberg and Tilak, eds., p. 256.
Jansson, R. E. W., Marshall, R. J., and Rizzo, J. E., 1978, “The rotating electrolyser. I: The velocity field,” J. Appl. Electrochem. 8: 281–285; R. E. W. Jansson and R. J. Marshall, “The rotating electrolyser II: Transport properties and design equations,” J. Appl. Electrochem., 287–291.
Udupa, H. V. K. and Udupa, K. S., 1982, “Use of rotating electrodes for small-scale electroorganic processes,” in Weinberg and Tilak, eds., pp. 385–422.
Holland, F. S., 1978, “The development of the Eco-Cell Process,” Chem. Ind. (London) 7: 453–458.
Robertson, P. M., Berg, P., Reimann, H., Schleich, K., and Seiler, P., 1983, “Application of the Swiss-Roll Cell in vitamin-C production,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 130: 591–596.
Robertson, P. M., Cettou, P., Matic, D., Schwager, F., Storck, A., and Ibl, N., 1979, “Electrosynthesis with the Swiss-Roll Cell. Properties of the cell components and their selection for electrosynthesis,” Am. Instit. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser. Electroorganic Synthesis Technology, 75: 115–124.
Oloman, C., 1979, “Trickle bed electrochemical reactors,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 126: 1885–1892.
Goodridge, F., Harrison, S., and Plimley, R. E., 1986, “The electrochemical production of propylene oxide,” J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 214: 283–293.
Feess, H. and Wendt, H., 1982, “Performance of two-phase-electrolyte electrolysis,” in Weinberg and Tilak, eds., pp. 81–177.
Dafana, R., 1987, The Design and Performance of a Novel Electropulse Column, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
MacMullin, R. B., 1963, “The problem of scale-up in electrolytic processes,” Electrochem. Technol., 1: 5–17.
Coulson, J. M. and Richardson, J. F., Chemical Engineering,Vol. 1, 4th ed., Pergamon Press, pp. 9–15.
Johnstone, R. E. and Thring, M. W., 1967, Pilot Plants, Models and Scale-up Methods in Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Johnstone and Thring, p. 80.
Damkohler, G., 1936, “The influence of flow, diffusion and heat transfer on the performance of reaction furnaces. I. General considerations of the transfer of chemical processes from small to large size equipment,” Z. Elektrochem., 42: 846–862.
Johnstone and Thring, p. 90.
Wragg, A. A., Tagg, D. J., and Patrick, M. A., 1980, “Diffusion controlled current distributions near cell entries and corners,” J. Appl. Electrochem., 10: 43–47.
Goodridge, F., Mamoor, G. M., and Plimley, R. E., 1986, “Mass transfer rates in baffled electrochemical cells,” Inst. Chem. Eng., Symp. Ser., 98: pp. 61–71.
Hine, F., 1985, Electrode Processes and Electrochemical Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, p. 313.
Parrish, W. R. and Newman, J., 1969, “Current distribution on a plane electrode below the limiting current,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 116: 169–172.
Parrish, W. R. and Newman, J., 1970, “Current distribution on plane parallel electrodes in channel flow,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 117: 43–48.
Pickett, D. J., Electrochemical Reactor Design,2d ed., Elsevier Scientific Publishing, New York, p. 114.
Ibl, N., 1983, “Current Distribution,” in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 6, ( E. Yeager, J. O’M. Bockris, and S. Sarangapany, eds.) Plenum Press, New York, pp. 239–315.
Wagner, C., 1951, “Theoretical analysis of the current distribution in electrolytic cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 98: 116–128.
Viswanathan, K., and Chin, D. T., 1977, “Current distribution on a continuous moving sheet electrode,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 124: 709–713.
Lapicque, F. and Storck, A., 1985, “Modelling of a continuous parallel plate plug flow electrochemical reactor: Electrowinning of copper,” J. Appl. Electrochem., 15: 925–935.
De La Rue, R. E. and Tobias, C., 1959, “On the conductivity of dispersions,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 106: 827–833.
Tobias, C. W., 1959, “Effect of gas evolution on current distribution and ohmic resistance in electrolysers,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 106: 833–838.
Hine, p. 89.
Nishiki, Y., Aoki, K., Tokuda, K., and Matsuda, H., 1986, “Effect of gas evolution on current distribution and ohmic resistance in a vertical cell under forced convection conditions,” J. Appl. Electrochem., 16: 615–625.
Pickett, p. 347.
Tobias, C. W. and Wijsman, R., 1953, “Theory of the effect of electrode resistance on current density distribution in electrolytic cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 100: 459–467.
Hine, p. 329.
Goodridge, F. and Hamilton, M. A., 1980, “The behaviour of a fixed bed porous flow-through electrode during the production of p-amino phenol,” Electrochim. Acta, 25: 481–486.
Goodridge, F., Plimley, R. E., and Leetham, R. P., (1985) Purifying Mixed-Cation Electrolyte, Eur. Pat. Appt EP 197, 769.
Scott, K. and Lui, W. K., 1986, “The performance of a moving bed electrode during the electrowinning of cobalt,” Inst. Chem. Eng., Symp. Ser., 98: 143–154.
Scott, K., 1982, “The effectiveness of particulate bed electrodes under activation control,” Electrochim. Acta, 27: 447–451.
Weise, L., Giron, M., Valentin, G., and Storck, A., “A chemical engineering approach to selectivity analysis in electrochemical reactors,” Inst. Chem. Eng., Symp. Ser., 98: 49–59.
Storck, A., Enriques-Granados, M., and Roger, M., 1982, “The behaviour of porous electrodes in a flow-by regime. I. Theoretical study,” Electrochim. Acta, 27: 293–301.
Pickett, pp. 362–388.
Scott, K., 1986, “Electrolytic reduction of oxalic acid to glyoxylic acid: A problem of electrode deactivations,” Chem. Eng. Res. and Des., 64: 266–271.
Michelet, D., 1974, “Glyoxylic acid,” Ger. Offen., 2, 359, 863.
Pletcher, D., and Razaq, M., 1981, “The reduction of acetophenone to ethylbenzene at a platinised platinum electrode,” Electrochim. Acta, 26: 819–824.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goodridge, F., Scott, K. (1995). Electrolytic Reactor Design, Selection, and Scale-up. In: Electrochemical Process Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0224-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0224-5_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0226-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0224-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive