Abstract
The fact that beacons can be used to collect consumer geolocation data has arguably turned out to be the greatest concern of many consumer groups. A recent Pew study found that location data has become even more precious and valued by consumers in the smartphone era.
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Notes
- 1.
See iapp.org/news/a/public-beacons-make-appearance-in-nyc-quickly-taken-down
- 2.
See Pew research at www.pewinternet.org/2016/01/14/privacy-and-information-sharing .
- 3.
See iapp.org/news/a/should-you-really-be-that-scared-of-your-in-store-retail-analytics.
- 4.
See, for example, Natasha Singer, The New York Times, “An American Quilt of Privacy Laws, Incomplete.” March 30, 2013. www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/technology/in-privacy-laws-an-incomplete-american-quilt.html?_r=0
- 5.
See 20-SPG Media L. & Pol’y 143, “Intellectual Property Legal Developments 2011-2012: The Year in Review,” Peter Brown and Richard Raysman.
- 6.
Among other things
- 7.
- 8.
Commercial Privacy Bill of Rights Act of 2011, S. 799, 112th Cong. § 202 (2011)
- 9.
The Location Privacy Protection Act of 2015, s. 2270
- 10.
For example, Montana was the first state that passed a geolocation privacy bill in 2013, focusing on governmental inquiries.
- 11.
Goldenshores Technologies, LLC, and Erik M. Geidl, In the Matter of www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/132-3087/goldenshores-technologies-llc-erik-m-geidl-matter
- 12.
FTC March 2012 privacy report, “Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change: Recommendations for Businesses and Policymakers.” www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-report-protecting-consumer-privacy-era-rapid-change-recommendations/120326privacyreport.pdf . See also FTC 2013 report, “Mobile Privacy Disclosures: Building Trust Through Transparency,” in which FTC further emphasized the requirement of notice and affirmative express consent. www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/mobile-privacy-disclosures-building-trust-through-transparency-federal-trade-commission-staff-report/130201mobileprivacyreport.pdf
- 13.
The FTC published guidelines on the collection of location information when the app is not in use. The FTC recommends that mobile apps should clearly disclose their data collection when the app in question is not in active use. www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2015/02/location-location-location?utm_source=govdelivery
- 14.
In re Nomi Technologies, Inc. www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/132-3251/nomi-technologies-inc-matter
- 15.
Directive (EC) 2002/58 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector [2002] OJ L201/37.
- 16.
Article 9 of Directive 2002/58/EC. See also Christopher Kuner, European Data Protection Law, Second Edition, Oxford 2007
- 17.
917/2014
- 18.
Aleecia M. McDonald and Lorrie Faith Cranor, “The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies.” lorrie.cranor.org/pubs/readingPolicyCost-authorDraft.pdf
- 19.
- 20.
fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/10.22.13-FINAL-MLA-Code.pdf
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
See, for example, Turow – Hennessey – Draper, “The Tradeoff Fallacy: How Marketers Are Misrepresenting American Consumers And Opening Them Up to Exploitation,” June 2015 www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_comments/2015/09/00012-97594.pdf
- 25.
Hal R. Varian, “Economic Aspects of Personal Privacy.” December 6, 1996, people.ischool.berkeley.edu/∼hal/Papers/privacy
- 26.
Eli Noam, “Privacy and Self-Regulation: Markets for Electronic Privacy.” [Date?] 1997, www.citi.columbia.edu/elinoam/articles/priv_self.htm
- 27.
Jarno Vanto and Steve Statler have advised Unacast, the developer of this service.
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Statler, S. (2016). Designing with Privacy in Mind. In: Beacon Technologies. Apress, Berkeley, CA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1889-1_11
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