Skip to main content

Motor Correlates of Vocal Diversity in Songbirds

  • Chapter
Current Ornithology

Part of the book series: Current Ornithology ((CUOR,volume 14))

Abstract

Oscine songbirds invest a substantial amount of time producing song, which has important roles in male-male competition and in attracting and stimulating a mate (Howard, 1920), as well as in species (Becker, 1982) and individual (Falls, 1982) recognition. Their diverse and often elaborate songs have placed them at the interface of neurobiology, behavior, and ecology as excellent subjects in which to study vocal communication. Toward this end, neurobiologists have made important advances in understanding the neural basis of vocal learning (e.g., Doupe, 1993; Arnold, 1992) and the central control of song production (e.g., Yu and Margoliash, 1996; Vu et al., 1994) and behavioral ecologists have gained new insights into the perceptual significance and communicative functions of song (e.g., Searcy and Yasukawa, 1996).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alatalo, R., Glynn, C., and Lundberg, A., 1990, Singing rate and female attraction in the Pied Flycatcher: an experiment, Anim. Behay. 39: 601–603.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, S. E., and Goller, F., 1995, Syringeal muscle activity during song in Brown-headed Cowbirds, Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 21: 964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, S. E., and Suthers, R. A., 1994, Lateralization and motor stereotypy of song production in the Brown-headed Cowbird, J. Neurobiol. 25: 1154–1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, D. R., and Strong, W. J., 1985, A model for the synthesis of natural sounding vowels, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78: 58–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ames, P. L., 1971, The morphology of the syrinx in passerine birds, Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 37: 1–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, A. P., 1992, Developmental plasticity in neural circuits controlling birdsong: sexual differentiation and the neural basis of learning, J. Neurobiol. 23: 1506–1528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M. C., Bjerke, T. K., Lampe, H., and Espmark, Y., 1986, Sexual response of female Great Tits to variation in size of males’ song repertoires, Am. Nat. 128: 491–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M. C., Bjerke, T. K., Lampe, H. U., and Espmark, Y. O., 1987, Sexual response of female Yellowhammers to differences in regional song dialects and repertoire sizes, Anim. Behay. 35: 395–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M. C., Tracy, T. T., and Miyasato, L. E., 1996, Gargle vocalizations of Black-capped Chickadees: test of repertoire and video stimuli, Anim. Behay. 52: 1171–1175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bech, C., Johansen, K., and Nicol, S., 1988, Gas exchange during high-frequency ventilation in the Pigeon (Columba livia), Acta Physiol. Scand. 132: 217–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, P. H., 1982, The coding of species-specific characteristics in bird sounds, in: Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol. 1 ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 213–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, D. J., Eens, M., and Ball, G. F., 1996, Age-and behavior-related variation in volumes of song control nuclei in male European Starlings, J. Neurobiol. 30: 329–339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boughey, M. J., and Thompson, N. S., 1981, Song variety in the Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), Z. Tierpsychol. 56: 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brackenbury, J. H., 1971, Airflow dynamics in the avian lung as determined by direct and indirect methods, Respir. Physiol. 13: 319–329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brackenbury, J. H., 1972, Physical determinants of air flow pattern within the avian lung, Respir. Physiol. 15: 384–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brackenbury, J. H., 1973, Respiratory mechanics in the bird, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 44A: 599–611.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brackenbury, J. H., 1987, Ventilation of the lung-air sac system, in: Bird Respiration, Vol. 1 ( T. J. Seller, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 39–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brackenbury, J. H., 1989, Functions of the syrinx and the control of sound production, in: Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 4 ( A. S. King and J. McCelland, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 193–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenowitz, E. A., and Kroodsma, D. E., 1996, The neuroethology of birdsong, in: Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 285–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brittan-Powell, E. F., Dooling, R. J., Larsen, O. N., and Heaton, J. T., 1997, Mechanisms of vocal production in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101: 578–589.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calder, W. A., 1970, Respiration during song in the Canary (Serinus canaris), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 32: 251–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K., 1983, Variation in the song of the Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus in relation to i e attraction and territorial defence, Anim. Behay. 31: 1217–1225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K., 1986, Song repertoires and reproductive success in the Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19: 439–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K., 1987, Bird song, sexual selection and female choice, Trends Ecol. Evol. 2: 94–97.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K., and Leisler, B., 1996, Female Aquatic Warblers (Acrocephalus paludicola) are attracted to playback of longer and more complicated songs, Behaviour 133: 1153–1164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K., Leisler, B., and Dittami, J., 1986, Sexual differences in the responses of captive Great Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) to variation in song structure and repertoire size, Ethology 73: 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappell, M. A., Zuk, M., Kwan, T. H., and Johnsen, T. S., 1995, Energy cost of an avian vocal display: crowing in Red Junglefowl, Anim. Behay. 49: 255–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranen, B., and Boves, L., 1987, On subglottal formant analysis, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81: 734–746.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cynx, J., Williams, H., and Nottebohm, F., 1990, Timbre discrimination in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) song syllables, J. Comp. Psycho. 104: 303–308.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabelsteen, T., 1981, The sound pressure level in the dawn song of the Blackbird, Turdus merula, and a method for adjusting the level in experimental song to the level in natural song, Z. Tierpsychol. 56: 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabelsteen, T., and Pedersen, S. B., 1992, Song features essential for species discrimination and behaviour assessment by male Blackbirds (Turdus merula), Behaviour 121: 259–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabelsteen, T., and Pedersen, S. B., 1993, Song-based species discrimination and behaviour assessment by female Blackbirds, Turdus merula, Anim. Behay. 45: 759–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVoogd, T. J., and Nottebohm, F., 1981, Gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain, Science 214: 202–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVoogd, T. J., Nixdorf, B., and Nottebohm, F., 1985, Synaptogenesis and changes in synaptic morphology related to acquisition of a new behavior, Brain Res. 329: 304–308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVoogd, T. J., Pyskaty, D. J., and Nottebohm, F., 1991, Lateral asymmetries and testosterone-induced changes in the gross morphology of the hypoglossal nucleus in adult Canaries, J. Comp. Neurol. 307: 65–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doupe, A. J., 1993, A neural circuit specialized for vocal learning, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3: 104–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhardt, L. S., 1994, Oxygen consumption during singing by male Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Auk 111: 124–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhardt, L. S., 1996, Energy expenditure during singing: a reply to Gaunt et al., Auk 113: 721–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falls, J. B., 1963, Properties of bird song eliciting responses from territorial males, in: Proceedings 13th International Ornithological Congress, pp. 259–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falls, J. B., 1982, Individual recognition by sounds in birds, in: Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol. 2 ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 237–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fant, G., 1970, Acoustic Theory of Speech Production, Mouton, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedde, M. R., 1987, Respiratory muscles, in: Bird Respiration, Vol. 1 ( T. J. Seller, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 3–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fee, M. S., Pearson, B., Mitra, P. P., and Shraiman, B. I., 1996, Some temporal complexity of bird song may arise from nonlinear dynamics of the syrinx, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22: 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, N. H., 1988, Bird song—a quantitative acoustic model, J. Theor. Biol. 135: 455–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, N. H., 1989, Acoustics of bird song—some unresolved problems, Comm. Theor. Biol. 4: 237–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, N. H., 1992, Acoustic Systems in Biology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeberg, T. M., 1996, Assortative mating in captive cowbirds is predicted by social experience, Anim. Behay. 52: 1129–1142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., 1983, An hypothesis concerning the relationship of syringeal structure to vocal abilities, Auk 100: 853–862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., 1987, Phonation, in: Bird Respiration, Vol. 1 ( T. J. Seller, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 71–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., 1988, Interaction of syringeal structure and airflow in avian phonation, in: Acta XIX Congress Internationalis Ornithologici, Vol. 1 ( H. Ouillet, ed.), University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, pp. 915–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., and Gaunt, S. L. L., 1985, Syringeal structure and avian phonation, in: Current Ornithology, Vol. 2 ( R. F. Johnston, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 213–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., Stein, R. C., and Gaunt, S. L. L., 1973, Pressure and air flow during distress calls of the starling, Sturnus vulgaris (Ayes: Passeriformes), J. Exp. Zoo. 183: 241–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A., Gaunt, S. L. L., and Casey, R. M., 1982, Syringeal mechanics reassessed: evidence from Streptopelia, Auk 99: 474–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaunt, A. S., Bucher, T. L., L., Gaunt, S. L. L., and Baptista, L. F., 1996, Is singing costly? Auk 113: 718–721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F., and Larsen, O. N., 1997, A new mechanism of sound generation in songbirds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14787–14791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F., and Suthers, R. A., 1995a, Contributions of expiratory muscles to song production in Brown Thrashers, in: Nervous Systems and Behaviour. Proceedings 4th International Congress Neuroethology ( M. Burrows, T. Matheson, P. Newland, and H. Schuppe, eds.), Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, p. 334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F., and Suthers, R. A., 1995b, Implications for lateralization of bird song from unilateral gating of bilateral motor patterns, Nature 373: 63–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coller, F., and Suthers, R. A., 1996a, Role of syringeal muscles in gating airflow and sound production in singing Brown Thrashers, J. Neurophysiol. 75: 867–876.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F., and Suthers, R. A., 19966, Role of syringeal muscles in controlling the phonology of bird song, J. Neurophysiol. 76: 287–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F., and Suthers, R. A., 1997, Contributions of expiratory abdominal muscles to song production in Brown Thrashers, J. Neurobiol. (submitted for publication).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenewalt, C. H., 1968, Bird Song: Acoustics and Physiology, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, R. S., 1990, Expiratory muscle activity during song production in the Canary, Respir. Physiol. 81: 177–188.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, D. H., and Suthers, R. A., 1988, The acoustics of the vocal tract in the Horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84: 1201–1213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, R. S., and Suthers, R. A., 1989, Airflow and pressure during Canary song: direct evidence for mini-breaths, J. Comp. Physiol. 165: 15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, R. S., and Suthers, R. A., 1990, Lateralization of syringeal function during song production in the Canary, J. Neurobiol. 21: 1236–1248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasselquist, D., 1994, Male attractiveness, mating tactics and realized fitness in the polygynous Great Reed Warbler, Ph.D. dissertation, Lund University, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasselquist, D., Bensch, S., and von Schantz, T., 1996, Correlation between male song repertoire, extra-pair paternity and offspring survival in the Great Reed Warbler, Nature 381: 229–232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hausberger, M., Black, J. M., and Richard, J.-P., 1991, Bill opening and sound spectrum in Barnacle Goose loud calls: individuals with ‘wide mouths’ have higher pitched voices, Anim. Behay. 42: 319–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoese, W. J., and Westneat, M. W., 1996, Biomechanics of cranial kinesis in birds: Testing linkage models in the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), J. Morphol. 227: 305–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoi-Leitner, M., Nechtelberger, N., and Hoi, H., 1995, Song rate as a signal for nest site quality in Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 37: 399–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, A. G., Leonard, M. P. L., and Weary, D. M., 1995, Oxygen consumption during crowing by roosters: talk is cheap, Anim. Behay. 50: 1171–1175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, E., 1920, Territory in Bird Life, Collins and Co., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. D., 1974, The influence of sexual selection and interspecific competition on mockingbird song (Mimus polyglottos), Evolution 28: 428–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J., 1846, On the capacity of the lungs, and on the respiratory movements, with the view of establishing a precise and easy method of detecting disease by the spirometer, Lancet 1: 630–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. P., and West, M. J., 1983, Dissecting cowbird song potency: Assessing a song’s geographic identity and relative appeal, Z. Tierpsychol. 63: 37–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. S., 1989, Functional anatomy of the syrinx, in: Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 4 ( A. S. King and J. McLelland, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 105–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. S., and Payne, D. C., 1960, Does the air circulate in the avian lung? Anat. Rec. 136: 223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer, M., Vallet, E., and Doucet, S., 1992, Sexual responses of female Canaries at the onset of song stimuli, Experientia 48: 679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer, M., Vallet, E., and Nagle, L., 1994, Sexual responsiveness of female Canaries to song bout organization, Behaviour 129: 293–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer, M., Vallet, E., and Nagle, L., 1996, Female Canaries display to songs of early isolated males, Experientia 52: 277–280.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroodsma, D. E., 1976, Reproductive development in a female songbird: differential stimulation by quality of male song, Science 192: 574–575.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroodsma, D. E., 1982, Song repertoires: problems in their definition and use, in: Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol. 2 ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 125–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroodsma, D. E., and Parker, L. D., 1977, Vocal virtuosity in the Brown Thrasher, Auk 94: 783–785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambrechts, M. M., 1988, Great Tit song output is determined both by motivation and by constraints in singing ability: a reply to Weary et al., Anim. Behay. 36: 1244–1246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambrechts, M. M., 1996, Organization of birdsong and constraints on performance, in: Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 305–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambrechts, M. M., and Dhondt, A. A., 1988, The anti-exhaustion hypothesis: a new hypothesis to explain song performance and song switching in the Great Tit, Anim. Behay. 36: 327–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampe, H. M., and Saetre, G. P., 1995, Female Pied Flycatchers prefer males with larger song repertoires, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 262: 163–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langmore, N. E., Davies, N. B., Hatchwell, B. J., and Hartley, I. R., 1996, Female song attracts males in the Alpine Accentor, Prunella collaris, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263: 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, R. E., 1965, The song repertoires of cardinals (Richmondena cardinalis) at London, Ontario, Can. J. Zool. 43: 559–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, R. E., 1966, Geographic variation in the song of cardinals, Can. J. Zool. 44: 413–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, R. E., 1973, Nervous control of the syrinx in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), J. Zool. Lond. 171: 131–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, R. E., and Chatfield, C., 1971, Organization of song in cardinals, Anim. Behay. 19: 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemon, R. E., and Herzog, A., 1969, The vocal behavior of cardinals and Pyrrhuloxias in Texas, Condor 71: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohr, B. S., 1989, The organization of song elements in the Gray Catbird, M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luine, V., Nottebohm, F., Harding, C., and McEwen, B. S., 1980, Androgen affects cholinergic enzymes in syringeal motor neurons and muscle, Brain Res. 192: 89–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marier, P., and Waser, M. S., 1977, Song learning in Canaries, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho). 91: 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCasland, J. S., 1987, Neuronal control of bird song production, J. Neurosci. 7: 23–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLelland, J., 1989, Anatomy of the lungs and air sacs, in: Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 4 ( A. S. King and J. McLelland, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 221–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountjoy, D. J., and Lemon, R. E., 1996, Female choice for complex song in the European Starling: a field experiment, Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38: 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., 1970, Ontogeny of bird song, Science 167: 950–956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., 1971, Neural lateralization of vocal control in a passerine bird, J. Exp. Zool. 177: 229–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., 1972, The origins of vocal learning, Am. Nat. 106: 116–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., 1976, Phonation in the Orange-winged Amazon Parrot, Amazona amazonica, J. Comp. Physiol. 108: 157–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., and Arnold, A. P., 1976, Sexual dimorphism in vocal control area of the songbird brain, Science 194: 211–213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., and Nottebohm, M. E., 1976, Left hypoglossal dominance in the control of Canary and White-crowned Sparrow song, J. Comp. Physiol. 108: 171–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., and Nottebohm, M. E., 1978, Relationship between song repertoire and age in the Canary, Serinus canarius, Z. Tierpsychol. 46: 298–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nottebohm, F., Kasparian, S., and Pandazis, C., 1981, Brain space for a learned task, Brain Res. 213: 99–109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S., 1987, Vocal tract resonances in oscine bird sound production: evidence from birdsongs in a helium atmosphere, Nature 325: 53–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S., and Capranica, R. R., 1986a, Bilateral syringeal coupling during phonation of a songbird, J. Neurosci. 6: 3595–3610.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S., and Capranica, R. R., 1986b, Bilateral syringeal interaction in vocal production of an oscine bird sound, Science 231: 1297–1299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S., and Marier, P., 1988, How do birds sing? Music Perception 5: 391–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S., Mailer, P., Maynard, A., and Peters, S., 1992, Is the tonal quality of birdsong learned? Evidence from Song Sparrows, Ethology 90: 225–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Loghlen, A. L., and Rothstein, S. I., 1995, Culturally correct song dialects are correlated with male age and female song preferences in wild populations of Brown-headed Cowbirds, Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 36: 251–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, S., and Nowicki, S., 1996, Development of tonal quality in birdsong: further evidence from Song Sparrows, Ethology 102: 323–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podos, J., 1996, Motor constraints on vocal development in a songbird, Anim. Behay. 51: 1061–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podos, J., Sherer, J. K., Peters, S., and Nowicki, S., 1995, Ontogeny of vocal tract movements during song production in Song Sparrows, Anim. Behay. 50: 1287–11296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radesäter, T., and Jakobsson, S., 1989, Song rate correlation of replacement territorial Willow Warblers, Phylloscopus trochilus, Omis Scand. 20: 71–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radesäter, T., Jakobsson, S., Andbjer, N., Bylin, A., and Nystrom, K., 1987, Song rate and pair formation in the Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus, Anim. Behay. 35: 1645–1651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, A. F., and Weary, D. M., 1992, The evolution of bird song: comparative analyses, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 338: 165–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberg, M., 1981, Acoustic interaction between the glottal source and the vocal tract, in: Vocal Fold Physiology ( K. N. Stevens and M. Hirano, eds.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 305–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberg, M., 1987, Così Fan Tutte and what it means, or, nonlinear source-tract acoustic interaction in the soprano voice and some implications for the definition of vocal efficiency, in: Laryngeal Function in Phonation and Respiration ( T. Baer, C. Sasaki, and K. S. Harris, eds.), Singular Publishing Group, San Diego, California, pp. 254–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruan, J., and Suthers, R. A., 1996, Myotopic representation of syringeal muscles in the hypoglossal nucleus of the cowbird, Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 22: 1402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheid, P., and Piiper, J., 1989, Respiratory mechanics and air flow in birds, in: Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 4 ( A. S. King and J. McLelland, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 369–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A., 1992a, Song repertoire and mate choice in birds, Am. Zool. 32: 71–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A., 1992b, Measuring responses of female birds to male song, in: Playback and Studies of Animal Communication ( P. K. McGregor, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 175–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A., 1996, Sound-pressure levels and song preferences in female Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) (Ayes, Emberizidae), Ethology 102: 187–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A., and Andersson, M., 1986, Sexual selection and the evolution of song, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 507–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A., and Yasukawa, K., 1996, Song and female choice, in: Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds ( D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller, eds.), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 454–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seller, T. J., 1979, Unilateral nervous control of the syrinx in Java Sparrows (Padda oryzivora), J. Comp. Physiol. 129: 281–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. T., Brenowitz, E. A., Wingfield, J. C., and Baptista, L. F., 1995, Seasonal changes in song nuclei and song behavior in Gambel’s White-crowned Sparrows, J. Neurobiol. 28: 114–125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, R. C., 1968, Modulation in bird sound, Auk 94: 229–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1990, Contributions to birdsong from the left and right sides of the intact syrinx, Nature 347: 473–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1992, Lateralization of sound production and motor action on the left and right sides of the syrinx during bird song, in: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Acoustics, IUPAP, Beijing, paper 11–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1994, Variable asymmetry and resonance in the avian vocal tract: a structural basis for individually distinct vocalizations, J. Comp. Physiol A. 175: 457–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., and Golfer, F., 1996, Respiratory and syringeal dynamics of song production in Northern Cardinals, in: Nervous Systems and Behaviour. Proceedings 4th International Congress Neuroethology ( M. Burrows, T. Matheson, P. Newland, and H. Schuppe, eds.), Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, p. 333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., Goller, F., and Hartley, R. S., 1996a, Motor stereotypy and diversity in songs of mimic thrushes, J. Neurobiol. 30: 231–245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., Goller, F., Bermejo, R., Wild, J. M., and Zeigler, H. P., 1996b, Relationship of beak gape to the lateralization, acoustics and motor dynamics of song in Cardinals, in: Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Abstracts 19th Midwinter Research Meeting, p. 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., and Hartley, R. S., 1990, Effect of unilateral denervation on the acoustic output from each side of the syrinx in singing mimic thrushes, Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 16: 1249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., Goiter, F., and Hartley, R. S., 1994, Motor dynamics of song production by mimic thrushes, J. Neurobiol. 25: 917–936.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1997, Peripheral control and lateralization of birdsong, J. Neurobiol. 33: 632–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1998, The motor basis of vocal performance in songbirds, in: Causal Mechanisms of Animal Communication, (M. Hauser and M. Konishi, eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. L., and Jane, P. L., 1969, An analysis of catbird song, Jack-Pine Warbler 47: 115–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallet, E., and Kreutzer, M., 1995, Female Canaries are sexually responsive to special song phrases, Anim. Behay. 49: 1603–1610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vicario, D. S., 1991a, Organization of the Zebra Finch song control system: II. Functional organization of outputs from nucleus robustus archistriatalis, J. Comp. Neurol. 309: 486–494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vicario, D. S., 1991b, Contributions of syringeal muscles to respiration and vocalization in the Zebra Finch, J. Neurobiol. 22: 63–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vicario, D. S., 1993, A new brain stem pathway for vocal control in the Zebra Finch song system, NeuroReport 4: 983–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vicario, D. S., and Nottebohm, F., 1988, Organization of the Zebra Finch song control system: I. Representation of syringeal muscles in the hypoglossal nucleus, J. Comp. Neural. 271: 346–354.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vu, E. T., Mazurek, M. E., and Kuo, Y.-C., 1994, Identification of a forebrain motor programming network for the learned song of Zebra Finches, J. Neurosci. 14: 6924–6934.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, R. W., 1972, The anatomy of the syrinx in passerine birds, J. Zool. Lond. 168: 381–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, D. K., Patterson, D. K., and Pepperberg, I. M., 1996, Mechanisms of American English vowel production in a Gray Parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Auk 113: 4158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, F. E., and Cigliano, J. A., 1991, Song output and stimulation of the female in White-throated Sparrows, Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29: 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D. M., Krebs, J. R., Eddyshaw, R., McGregor, P. K., and Horn, A., 1988, Decline in song output by Great Tits: exhaustion or motivation? Anim. Behay. 36: 1242–1244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D. M., Lambrechts, M. M., and Krebs, J. R., 1991, Does singing exhaust male Great Tits? Anim. Behay. 41: 540–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, M. J., and King, A. P., 1980, Enriching cowbird song by social deprivation, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho). 94: 263–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, M. J., and King, A. P., 1988, Female visual displays affect the development of male song in the cowbird, Nature 334: 244–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • West, M. J., King, A. P., Eastzer, D. H., and Staddon, J. E. R., 1979, A bioassay of isolate cowbird song, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho). 93: 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, M. W., Long, J. H., Jr., Hoese, W., and Nowicki, S., 1993, Kinematics of birdsong: functional correlation of cranial movements and acoustic features in sparrows, J. Exp. Biol. 182: 147–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, J. M., 1993a, Descending projections of the songbird nucleus robustus archistriatalis, J. Comp. Neural. 338: 225–241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, J. M., 1993b, The avian nucleus retroambigualis: a nucleus for breathing, singing and calling, Brain Res. 606: 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wild, J. M., 1994, The auditory-vocal-respiratory axis in birds, Brain Behay. Evol. 44: 192–209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, H., Cynx, J., and Nottebohm, F., 1989, Timbre control in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) song syllables, J. Comp. Psycho. 103: 366–380.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, H., Crane, L. A., Hale, T. K., Esposito, M. A., and Nottebohm, F., 1992, Rightside dominance for song control in the Zebra Finch, J. Neurobiol. 23: 1006–1020.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, A. C., and Margoliash, D., 1996, Temporal hierarchical control of singing in birds, Science 273: 1871–1875.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Suthers, R.A., Goller, F. (1997). Motor Correlates of Vocal Diversity in Songbirds. In: Nolan, V., Ketterson, E.D., Thompson, C.F. (eds) Current Ornithology. Current Ornithology, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9915-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9915-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9917-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9915-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics