Abstract
Magneto-optical Kerr effect and Faraday effect provide the basis of established methods for studying the magnetic properties of matter by polarized light in the visible spectral range. It was only quite recently that an analogous effect in the x-ray region, magnetic circular dichroism in x-ray absorption, was first observed by Gisela Schütz et al. for the near-edge fine structure at the K edge of ferromagnetic iron.1 Later on, magnetic circular x-ray dichroism (MCXD) was also observed at the LII,III thresholds of rare-earths2 and 3d transition metals,3 opening up the possibility for element-specific analyses of magnetic moments in compound magnets and multilayers. Today MCXD is mainly used as a tool at the LII,III x-ray absorption thresholds of 3d transition metals, where relatively large MCD asymmetries in the white lines upon reversal of either sample magnetization or circular polarization (photon spin) of the absorbed light are observed. MCXD can be understood in the simplest way in a one-electron picture by taking the spin polarization of the excited electron due to the inner-shell spin-orbit coupling (Fano effect4) into account as well as the spin-split density of final states at and above the Fermi level.5 More rigorous theoretical treatments have been given,6,7,8 which allow to recognize the three important ingredients for magnetic circular dichroism: (i) Exchange interaction as the driving force for long-range spin order; (ii) use of circularly polarized light with preferential propagation along the magnetic quantization axis; (iii) spin-orbit interaction providing the mechanism for an effective coupling between the angular momentum of the circularly polarized photon and the magnetically ordered electron spins.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G. Schütz, W. Wagner, W. Wilhelm, P. Kienle, R. Zeller, R. Frahm, and G. Materlik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58: 737 (1987).
G. Schütz, M. Knülle, R. Wienke, W. Wilhelm, W. Wagner, P. Kienle, and R. Frahm, Z. Physik B 73: 67 (1988).
C.T. Chen, F. Sette, Y. Ma, and S. Modesti, Phys. Rev. B 42: 7262 (1990).
U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 178: 131 (1969).
G. Schütz, Phys. Blätter 46: 475 (1990).
H. Ebert, P. Strange, and B.L. Gyorffy, Z. Phys. B 73: 77 (1988).
P. Carra and M. Altarelli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64: 1286 (1990).
B.T. Thole, P. Carra, F. Sette, and G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68: 1943 (1992).
L. Baumgarten, CM. Schneider, H. Petersen, F. Schäfers, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65: 492 (1990).
H. Ebert, L. Baumgarten, CM. Schneider, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 44: 4406 (1991).
CM. Schneider, M.S. Hammond, P. Schuster, A. Cebollada, R. Miranda, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 44: 12066 (1991).
E. Navas, K. Starke, C. Laubschat, E. Weschke, and G. Kaindl, Phys. Rev. B 48 — Rap. Commun.: 14753(1993).
A.V. Fedorov, A. Höhr, E. Weschke, K. Starke, V.K. Adamchuk, and G. Kaindl, Phys. Rev B 49 — Rap. Commun.: 5117 (1994); and references therein.
J. Bahrdt, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mast, K. Molter, W.B. Peatman, M. Scheer, Th. Schroeter, and Ch. Wang, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63: 339 (1992).
H. Petersen, M. Willmann, F. Schäfers, and W. Gudat, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 333: 594 (1993).
S. Di Fonzo, W. Jark, F. Schaefers, H. Petersen, A. Gaupp, and J.H. Underwood, Appl. Optics 33, 2624 (1994).
M. Born and E. Wolf. “Principles of Optics”, Pergamon Press, London (1959).
B.J. Beaudry and K.A. Gschneidner, in: “Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths”, Vol. 1, K.A. Gschneidner and L.R. Eyring eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam (1978).
J. Kolaczkiewicz and E. Bauer, Surf. Sci. 175: 487 (1986).
M. Farle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47: 11571 (1993).
K. Starke, K. Ertl, and V. Dose, Phys. Rev. B 46: 9709 (1992).
K. Starke, E. Navas, L. Baumgarten, and G. Kaindl, Phys. Rev. B 48 — Rap. Commun.: 1329(1993).
G. van der Laan and B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 48: 210 (1993).
G. van der Laan, private communication.
K. Starke, L. Baumgarten, E. Arenholz, E. Navas, and G. Kaindl, Phys. Rev. B — Rap. Commun.: in print (1994).
E. Navas, E. Arenholz, K. Starke, and G Kaindl, to be published.
J. Sugar, Phys. Rev. B 5: 1785 (1972).
C. Laubschat, E. Weschke, G. Kalkowski, and G. Kaindl, Physica Scripta 41: 124 (1990).
F. Gerken, J. Barth, and C. Kunz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47: 993 (1981).
L. Baumgarten, E. Arenholz, E. Navas, K. Starke, and G. Kaindl, to be published.
J.L. Dehmer, A.F. Starace, U. Fano, J. Sugar, and J.W. Cooper, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26: 1521 (1971).
S. Imada and T. Jo, J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 59: 3358 (1990).
D. Weiler, S.F. Alvarado, W. Gudat, K. Schröder, and M. Campagna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54: 1555(1985).
G.A. Mulhollan, K. Garrison, and J.L. Erskine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69: 3240 (1992).
E. Vescovo, C. Carbone, and O. Rader, Phys. Rev. B 48 — Rap. Commun.: 7731 (1993).
S. Doniach and M. Sunjic, J. Phys. C 3: 285 (1970).
H. Tang, D. Weller, TG. Walker, J.C. Scott, C. Chappert, H. Hopster, AW. Pang, D.S. Dessau, and D.P. Pappas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71: 444 (1993).
C. Rau, Appl. Phys. A 49: 579 (1989).
Y.U. Idzerda and D.E. Ramaker, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 313: 659 (1993).
J. Daval and B. Bechevet, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 129: 98 (1994).
E. Arenholz, K. Starke, E. Navas, and G. Kaindl, to be published.
A.R. Miedema, P.F. de Chatel, and F.R. de Boer, Physica B (Amsterdam) 100: 1 (1980).
A. Stenborg, J.N. Andersen, O. Björneholm, A. Nilsson, and N. Mârtensson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63: 187(1989).
A. Stenborg, O. Björneholm, A. Nilsson, N. Mârtensson, J.N. Andersen, and C. Wigren, Surf. Sci. 211/212:470(1989).
J. Mathon and SB. Ahmad, Phys. Rev. B 37 — Rap. Commun.: 660 (1988).
J. Stöhr, Y. Wu, M.G. Samant, B.D. Hermsmeier, G. Harp, S. Koranda, D. Dunham, and B.P. Tonner, Science 259: 658 (1993).
T. Kachel, W. Gudat, and K. Holldack, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64: 655 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaindl, G., Navas, E., Arenholz, E., Baumgarten, L., Starke, K. (1995). Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Photoemission from Rare-Earth Materials: Basic Concepts and Applications. In: Bagus, P.S., Pacchioni, G., Parmigiani, F. (eds) Core Level Spectroscopies for Magnetic Phenomena. NATO ASI Series, vol 345. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9871-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9871-5_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9873-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9871-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive