Abstract
Simultaneous or exposure to low-dose carcinogens existing in the environment is an important causal factor in human carcinogenesis. It is gener- ally accepted that carcinogenesis is a multi-step process consisting of two qualitatively different stages, initiation and promotion1. Initiation is a transient “flash” phenomenon involving exposure to a carcinogen and may occur frequently in humans.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E. Farber, The multistep nature of cancer development, Cancer Res. 44:4217 (1984).
M. C. Dyroff, F. C. Richardson, J. A. Popp, M. A. Bedell and J. A. Swenberg, Correlation of O4-ethyldeoxythymidine accumulation with hepatic initiation and hepatocellular carcinoma in rats continuously administered diethylnitrosamine, Carcinogenesis 7:241 (1986).
E. Cayama, H. Tsuda, D. S. R. Sarma and E. Farber, Initiation of chemical carcinogenesis requires cell proliferation, Nature 275:60 (1978).
D. Solt and E. Farber, New principle for the analysis of chemical carcinogenesis, Nature 263:701 (1976).
M. Moore and T. Kitagawa, Hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat: The effect of promoters and carcinogenesis, in vivo and in vitro, in: “International Review of Cytology”, Academic Press, New York (1986).
N. Ito, M. Tatematsu, K. Nakanishi, R. Hasegawa, T. Takano, K. Imaida and T. Ogiso, The effect of various chemicals on the development of hyperplastic liver nodules in hepatectomized rats treated with N-nitro-sodiethylamine or 2-fluorenylacetamide, Gann 71:832 (1980).
S. Takahashi, M. Tsutsumi, D. Nakae, A. Denda, T. Kinugasa and Y. Konishi, Persistent effect of low dose of preadministered diethylnitrosamine on induction of enzyme-altered foci in rat liver, Carcinogenesis 8:509 (1987).
G. M. Higgins and R. M. Anderson, Experimental pathology of the liver, 1. Restoration of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 12:1186 (1931).
A. M. Rutenberg, H. Kim, J. W. Fischbein, J. S. Hanker, H. K. Wasserkrug and A. J. Seligman, Histochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17:517 (1969).
H. A. Campbell, H. C. Pitot, V. P. Potter and B. A. Laishes, Application of quantitative stereology to the evaluation of enzyme-altered foci in rat liver, Cancer Res. 42:465 (1982).
G. P. Margison and P. J. O’Connor, Nucleic acid modification by N-nitroso compounds, in: “Chemical Carcinogenesis and DNA”, P. L. Grover, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1981).
A. E. Pegg, Formation and metabolism of alkylated nucleosides: possible role in carcinogenesis by nitroso compounds and alkylating agents, Adv. Cancer Res. 25:195 (1977).
R. Montesano, Alkylation of DNA and tissue specificities in nitrosamine carcinogenesis, J. Cell. Biochem. 17:259 (1981).
F. C. Richardson, M. C. Dyroff, J. A. Boucheron and J. A. Swenberg, Differential repair of 04-alkylthymidine following exposure to methylating and ethylating hepatocarcinogenesis, Carcinogenesis 6:625 (1985).
E. Scherer, A. P. Timmer and P. Emmelot, Formation by diethylnitrosamine and persistence of 04-ethylthymidine in rat liver in vivo, Cancer Lett. 10:1 (1980).
E. Scherer, A. P. Steward and P. Emmelot, Effects of formation of 06-ethylguanine in, and its removal from, liver DNA of rats receiving diethylnitrosamine, Chem. Biol. Interactions 19:1 (1977).
S. M. D’Ambrosio and R. B. Setlow, Enhancement of postreplication repair in Chinese hamster cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2396 (1976).
T. A. Lawson, A. S. Helgeson, C. J. Grandjean, L. Wallcave and D. Nagel, The formation of N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine from N-nitroso-bis(2-oxopropyl)amine in vivo, Carcinogenesis 2:845 (1981).
M. A. Pereira, Dose response for benzo(a)pyrene adducts in mouse epidermal DNA, Cancer Res. 39:2556 (1979).
D. T. Beranek, C. C. Weis and D. H. Swenson, A comprehensive quantitative analysis of methylated and ethylated DNA using high-pressure liquid chromatography, Carcinogenesis 1:595 (1980).
P. D. Lawley and C. J. Thatcher, Methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid in cultured mammalian cells by N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine, Biochem. J. 116:693 (1970).
P. J. O’Connor, M. J. Capps and A. W. Craig, Comparative studies of hepatocarcinogen N.N-dimethylnitrosamine in vivo: reaction sites in rat liver DNA and the significance of their relative stabilities, Brit J. Cancer 27:153 (1973).
S. P. Tarn, R. J. G. Haché and R. G. Deeley, Estrogen memory effect in human hepatocytes during repeated cell division without hormone, Science 234:1234 (1986).
T. Sugimura and M. Miwa, Poly(ADP-ribose) and cancer research, Carcinogenesis 4:1503 (1983).
H. Weintraub, Assembly and propagation of repressed and derepressed chromosomal states, Cell 42:705 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tsutsumi, M. et al. (1988). Additive Effect of Low-Dose Diethylnitrosamine on the Initiation of Liver Carcinogenesis in Rats. In: Feo, F., Pani, P., Columbano, A., Garcea, R. (eds) Chemical Carcinogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9640-7_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9640-7_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9642-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9640-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive