Abstract
In all vertebrates, the blood circulation not only represents the main transport system of nutrients, gases, ions, water, and metabolic products but also of hormones and components of the cellular and humoral immune system. Among the blood vessels, venoles, capillaries, and arteriols (the microcapillary system) have the smallest diameter but they are of greatest significance for the well function of any tissue. In humans, the number of capillaries is estimated to be 40×109, corresponding to an exchange area of about 600 m2. Whereas the large blood vessels transport the above mentioned compounds to the organs, the microcapillary system penetrates through every tissue and supplies the individual cells with the nutrients necessary. Three types of capillaries can be distinguished: the fenestrated, the discontinuous, and the continuous type. In the continuous type the endothelial cells, which cover the inner surface of the brain capillaries, build up a dense surface. In consequence, there is no possibility for free exchange of blood solutes to the central nervous system.
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Wolf, S., Gassen, H.G. (1997). γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, a Blood-Brain Barrier Associated Membrane Protein. In: Ansorge, S., Langner, J. (eds) Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 421. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_6
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