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Fusion of Phospholipid Vesicles Induced by Divalent Cations and Protons

Modulation by Phase Transitions, Free Fatty Acids, Monovalent Cations, and Polyamines

  • Chapter
Cell Fusion

Abstract

Studies on the fusion of phospholipid vesicles have provided considerable insight into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion and the role of specific molecules in this process. This simple and well-defined system has also helped in the development of fusion assays and the biophysical analysis of the fusion process. Early studies on fusion have been reviewed by Papahadjopoulos et al(1979) and Nir et al(1983a). Here we will discuss recent developments concerning the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by divalent cations and protons, and its modulation by the thermotropic properties of the phospholipid bilayer, monovalent cations and polyamines in the medium, and free fatty acids in the membrane.

The wrong view of science betrays itself in the craving to be right; for it is not his possession of knowledge, of irrefutable truth, that makes the man of science, but his persistent and recklessly critical quest for truth.

—Karl R. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery

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Abbreviations

ANTS:

1, aminonapthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acids

CHEMS:

cholesterylhemisuccinate

DEPS:

dielaidoylphosphatidylserine

DPA:

dipicolinic acid

DMPE:

dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine

DOPC:

dioleoylphosphatidylcholine

DOPE:

dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine

DOPS:

dioleoylphosphatidylserine

DPPC:

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

DPX:

p-xylylene-bis-pyridinium bromide

LUV:

large unilamellar vesicles (approx. 100-nm diameter)

NBD-PE:

N-(7-nitro-2,1,3,-benzoxa-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine

PA:

phosphatidate (phosphatidic acid)

PC:

(egg) phosphatidylcholine

PE:

(egg) phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

PI:

phosphatidylinositol

PS:

(bovine brain) phosphatidylserine

SUV:

small unilamellar vesicles (approx. 30-nm diameter)

TH :

temperature range of the lamellar-hexagonal phase transition

TPE:

phosphatidylethanolamine synthesized by transphosphatidylation of egg phosphatidylcholine.

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Author notes

  1. Patricia A. Baldwin

    Present address: California Biotechnology, Inc., Mountain View, California, 94043, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Nejat Düzgüneş, Keelung Hong, Patricia A. Baldwin & Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

  2. Departments of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Joe Bentz

  3. Seagram Centre for Soil and Water Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76-100, Israel

    Shlomo Nir

Authors
  1. Nejat Düzgüneş
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  2. Keelung Hong
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  3. Patricia A. Baldwin
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  4. Joe Bentz
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  5. Shlomo Nir
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  6. Demetrios Papahadjopoulos
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  1. American National Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Arthur E. Sowers

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Düzgüneş, N., Hong, K., Baldwin, P.A., Bentz, J., Nir, S., Papahadjopoulos, D. (1987). Fusion of Phospholipid Vesicles Induced by Divalent Cations and Protons. In: Sowers, A.E. (eds) Cell Fusion. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9598-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9598-1_11

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