Abstract
In the past several years, there has been a considerable increase in information about the mechanisms involved in cell adhesions, both to other cells and to the extracellular matrix in which these cells exist. The increase in understanding has evolved largely from a more detailed knowledge of the structure of many of the receptors for extracellular matrix components and of their ligands. These advances have been summarized in several recent reviews (Ruoslahti, 1991; Albelda and Buck, 1990; Burridge et al., 1990). This information has led, in turn, to a deeper appreciation of the impact of cell—cell adhesion and cell—matrix adhesion on cell phenotype during development, normal homeostasis, metastasis, tissue repair, and inflammation. Myeloid cells present a particularly interesting set of problems in this regard. During the normal maturation of myeloid cells, they reside in the bone marrow, in an environment containing many extracellular matrix molecules and crowded with neighboring cells, in which adhesive phenomena play an important part in cell development. With maturation, these cells then move into the bloodstream, where significant contact with other cells is minimal and in which, under normal circumstances, there is no exposure to extracellular matrix. However, a key role for human monocytes is to replenish the supply of tissue macrophages. Thus, these cells move back into an area rich in extracellular matrix ligands. Another essential function of both neutrophils and monocytes is to move to areas of infection or inflammation to provide essential host defense and tissue repair functions. In these processes of emigration from the bloodstream to extravascular tissues, recognition of both endothelium and extracellular matrix has a critical role. Thus, leukocytes must possess mechanisms for precise modulation of expression and function of their adhesion receptors during development, while in the circulation, and during emigration into solid tissues. These mechanisms have been the subject of investigation in many laboratories and are the focus of this chapter.
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References
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Brown, E.J., Lindberg, F.P. (1993). Matrix Receptors of Myeloid Cells. In: Horton, M.A. (eds) Macrophages and Related Cells. Blood Cell Biochemistry, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9534-9_11
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