Abstract
The following is an update of the 1978 report of the task force on biofeedback for gastrointestinal disorders. It details new applications of biofeedback in the areas of fecal incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, rumination syndrome, and esophageal motility disorders; and it reports new data on the efficacy of previously published biofeedback applications for digestive disorders.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aleo, S., and Nicassio, P. (1978). Auto-regulation of duodenal ulcer disease: A preliminary report of four cases. Proceedings of the Biofeedback Society of America (Ninth Annual Meeting). Denver, Colorado: Biofeedback Society of America. Pp. 278–281. Abstract.
Alexander, F., French, T. M., and Pollock, G. H. (1968). Psychosomatic specificity, Vol. 1. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Almy, T. P. (1951). Experimental studies on the irritable colon. American Journal of Medicine, 9, 60–667.
Almy, T. P. (1977). Wrestling with the irritable colon. Medical Clinics of North America, 62, 203–210.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 3rd ed. ). Washington, DC: Author.
Ball, T. S., Hendricksen, H., and Clayton, J. A. (1974). A special feeding technique for chronic regurgitation. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 78, 486–493.
Beaty, E. T. (1976). Feedback assisted relaxation training as a treatment for peptic ulcers. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1, 323–324. Abstract.
Bellman, M. (1966). Studies on encopresis. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 56 (Suppl. 170).
Bennett, J. R., and Hendrix, T. R. (1970). Diffuse esophageal spasm: A disorder with more than one cause. Gastroenterology, 59, 273–279.
Binder, V., Both, H., Hansen, P. K., Hendriksen, C., Kreiner, S., and Torp-Pedersen, K. (1982). Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Chrohn’s disease in the county of Copenhagen, 1962 to 1978. Gastroenterology, 83, 563–568.
Blum, A. L., Peter, P., and Krejs, G. J. (1975). Pathogenesis and aetiology of ulcer disease. Part II. Duodenal ulcer. Acta Hepato-Gastroenterologica, 22, 123–128.
Bolin, T. D., Davis, A. E., and Duncombe, V. M. (1982). A prospective study of persistent diarrhoea. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 12, 22–26.
Bonnevie, O. (1975a). The incidence of gastric ulcer in Copenhagen County. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 10, 231–239.
Bonnevie, O. (1975b). The incidence of duodenal ulcer in Copenhagen County. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 10, 385–393.
Brocklehurst, J. C. (1972). Bowel management in the neurologically disabled. The problems of old age. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 65, 66–69.
Bueno-Miranda, F., Cerulli, M., and Schuster, M. M. (1976). Operant conditioning of colonic motility in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Gastroenterology. 70, 867.
Bueno, L., Fioramonti, J., Frexinos, J., and Ruckebusch, Y. (1980). Colonic myoelectrical activity in diarrhea and constipation. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 27, 381–389.
Castell, D. O. (1976). Achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm. Archives of Internal Medicine, 136, 571–579.
Cerulli, M. A., Nikoomanesh, P., and Schuster, M. M. (1979). Progress in biofeedback conditioning for fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology, 76, 742–746.
Chaudhary, N. A., and Truelove, S. C. (1962). The irritable bowel syndrome: A study of the clinical features, predisposing causes, and the prognosis in 130 cases. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 31, 307–323.
Clouse, R. E., and Lustman, P. J. (1983). Psychiatric illness and contraction abnormalities of the esophagus. New England Journal of Medicine, 309, 1337–1342.
Connell, A. M. (1962). The motility of the pelvic colon. II. Paradoxical motility in diarrhoea and constipation. Gut, 3, 342–348.
Deckner, C. W., Hill, J. T., and Bourne, J. R. (1972). Shaping of human gastric motility. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Denis, P., Cayron, G., and Galmiche, J. P. (1981). Biofeedback: The light at the end of the tunnel? Maybe for constipation. Gastroenterology, 80, 1089–1090.
Drossman, D. A., Sandler, R. S., McKee, D. C., and Lovitz, A. J. (1982). Bowel patterns among subjects not seeking health care: Use of a questionnaire to identify a population with bowel dysfunction. Gastroenterology, 83, 529–534.
Engel, B. T., Nikoomanesh, P., and Schuster, M. M. (1974). Operant conditioning of rectosphincteric responses in the treatment of fecal incontinence. New England Journal of Medicine, 290, 646–649.
Engel, G. L. (1954). Studies of ulcerative colitis. I. Clinical data bearing on the nature of the somatic process. Psychosomatic Medicine, 16, 496–501.
Einhorn, A. H. (1972). Rumination syndrome (merycism or merycasm). In H. L. Barnett (Ed.), Pediatrics (pp. 1576–1578 ). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Enck, P., Steckler, I., Whitehead, W. E., Tucker, H., and Schuster, M. M. (1984). Lactose intolerance versus irritable bowel syndrome: Physiological and psychological comparison. Gastroenterology, 86, 1070.
Esler, M. D., and Goulston, K. J. (1973). Levels of anxiety in colonic disorders. New England Journal of Medicine, 288, 16–20.
Faulkner, W. B., Jr. (1940). Severe esophageal spasm: An evaluation of suggestion-therapy as determined by means of the esophagoscope. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2, 139–140.
Fava, G. A., and Pavan, L. (1976–1977) Large bowel disorders. I. Illness configuration and life events. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 27, 93–99.
Ferguson, A., Sircus, W., and Eastwood, M. A. (1977). Frequency of “functional” gastrointestinal disorders. Lancet, 2, 613–614.
Freeland, A. P., Ardran, G. M., and Emrys-Roberts, E. (1974). Globus hystericus and reflux oesophagitis. Journal of Laryngology, 88, 1025–1031.
Furman, S. (1973). Intestinal biofeedback in functional diarrhea: A preliminary report. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 4, 317–321.
Giles, S. L. (1978). Separate and combined effects of biofeedback training and brief individual psychotherapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International, 39, (5-B), 2495.
Goldenberg, D. A., Hodges, K., Hersh, T., and Jinich, H. (1980). Biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 74, 342–345.
Gorman, P. J. (1976). Cephalic influences on human gastric acid secretion and their voluntary control through feedback training. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 6413B. (University Microfilms No. 76–6661).
Grace, W. J., Pinsky, R. H., and Wolff, H. G. (1954). The treatment of ulcerative colitis. II. Gastroenterology, 26, 462–468.
Groen, J., and Bastiaans, J. (1951). Psychotherapy of ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 17, 344–352.
Hamilton, J. R., Bruce, G. A., Abdourhaman, M., and Gall, D. G. (1979). Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Advances in Pediatrics, 26, 311–341.
Harvey, R. F., Salih, S. Y., and Read, A. E. (1983). Organic and functional disorders in 2000 gastroenterology outpatients. Lancet, 1, 632–634.
Haskell, B., and Rovner, H. (1967), Electromyography in the management of the incompetent anal sphincter. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 10, 81–84.
Haynes, S. N. (1976). Electromyographic biofeedback treatment of a woman with chronic dysphagia. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1, 121–126.
Heefner, J. D., Wilder, R. M., and Wilson, I. D. (1978). Irritable colon and depression. Psychosomatics, 19, 540–547.
Henderson, R. D. (1980). Motor disorders of the esophagus (2nd ed.) Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
Hislop, I. G. (1971). Psychological significance of the irritable colon syndrome. Gut, 12, 452–457.
Holdstock, D. J., Misiewicz, J. J., and Waller, S. L. (1969). Observations on the mechanism of abdominal pain. Gut, 10, 19–31.
Jacobson, E. (1927). Spastic esophagus and mucous colitis: Etiology and treatment by progressive relaxation. Archives of Internal Medicine, 39, 433–445.
Johnson, L. F. (1980). 24-hour pH monitoring in the study of gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 2, 387–399.
Kanner, L. (1936). Historical notes on rumination in man. Medical Life, 43, 26–61.
Kanner, L. (1972). Child psychiatry (4th ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. Karush, A., Daniels, G., Flood, C., O’Connor, J., Druss, R., and Sweeting, J. (1977). Psychotherapy in chronic ulcerative colitis. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.
Kirsner, J. B., and Shorter, R. G. (1982). Recent developments in “nonspecific” inflammatory bowel disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 306, 775–785, 837–848.
Latimer, P. R. (1978). Crohri s disease: A review of the psychological and social outcome. Psychological Medicine, 8, 649–656.
Latimer, P. R. (1981). Biofeedback and self-regulation in the treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm: A single-case study. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 6, 181–189.
Latimer, P. R. (1983). Functional gastrointestinal disorders: A behavioral approach. New York: Springer.
Latimer, P., Sarna, S., Campbell, D., Latimer, M., Waterfall, W., and Daniel, E. E. (1981). Colonic motor and myoelectrical activity: A comparative study of normal subjects, psychoneurotic patients, and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 80, 893–901.
Latimer, P. R., Campbell, D., and Kasperski, J. (1984). A components analysis of biofeedback in the treatment of fecal incontinence. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 9, 311–324.
Lehtinen, V., and Puhakka, H. (1976). A pschosomatic approach to the globus hystericus syndrome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica, 53, 21–28.
Levine, M. D., and Bakow, H. (1976). Children with encopresis: A study of treatment outcome. Pediatrics, 58, 845–852.
Liss, J. L., Alpers, D., and Woodruff, R. A., Jr. (1973). The irritable colon syndrome and psychiatric illness. Diseases of the Nervous System, 34, 151–157.
Lowery, S. P., Srour, J. W., Whitehead, W. E., and Schuster, M. M. (1985). Habit training as treatment of encopresis secondary to chronic constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 4, 397–401.
MRC. ( 1978, December) Ad hoc meeting of faecal incontinence. Medical Research Council of Great Britain.
MacLeod, J. H. (1979). Biofeedback in the management of partial anal incontinence: A preliminary report. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 22, 169–171.
MacLeod, J. H. (1983). Biofeedback in the management of partial anal incontinence. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 26, 244–246.
Malcolmson, K. G. (1966). Radiological findings in globus hystericus. British Journal of Radiology, 39, 583–586.
Manning, A. P., Thompson, W. G., Heaton, K. W., and Morris, A. F. (1978). Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. British Medical Journal, 2, 653–654.
Martelli, H., Devroede, G., Arhan, P., and Duguay, C. (1978). Mechanisms of idiopathic constipation: Outlet obstruction. Gastroenterology, 75, 623–631.
Mclllmurry, M. B., and Langman, M. J. S. (1975). Large bowel cancer: Causation and management. Gut, 17, 815–820.
Mellow, M. (1977). Symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm: Manometric follow-up and response to cholinergie stimulation and cholinesterase inhibition. Gastroenterology, 73, 237–240.
Milne, J. S. (1976). Prevalence of incontinence in the elderly age groups. In E. L. Willington (Ed.), Incontinence in the Elderly (pp. 9–21 ). London: Academic Press.
Monk, M., Mendelhoff, A. I., Siegel, C. I., and Lilienfeld, A. (1967). An epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis among adults in Baltimore. I. Hospital incidence and prevalence, 1960 to 1963. Gastroenterology, 53, 198–210.
Moore, J. G., and Schenkenberg, T. (1974). Psychic control of gastric acid: Response to anticipated feeding and biofeedback training in a man. Gastroenterology, 66, 954–959.
National Center for Health Statistics. (1974). Mortality trends for leading causes of death, U.S., 1950–1969. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 20, No. 16 (DHEW Publication No. HRA 74–1853 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Olness, K., McParland, F. A., and Piper, J. (1980) Biofeedback: A new modality in the management of children with fecal soiling. Journal of Pediatrics, 96, 505–509.
Palmer, R. L., Stonehill, E., Crisp, A. H., Waller, S. L., and Misiewicz, J. J. (1974). Psychological characteristics of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 50, 416–419.
Pazulinec, R., and Sajwaj, T. (1983). Psychological treatment approaches to psychogenic vomiting and rumination. In R. Hoelzl and W. E. Whitehead (Eds.), Psychophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract: Experimental and clinical applications (pp. 43–63 ). New York: Plenum Press.
Peterson, W. L., Sturdevant, R. A. L., Frankl, H. D., Richardson, C. T., Isenberg, J. I., Elashoff, J. D., Sones, J. Q., Gross, R. A., McCallum, R. W., and Fordtran, J. S. (1977). Healing of duodenal ulcer with an antacid regimen. New England Journal of Medicine, 297, 341–345.
Pflanz, M. (1971). Epidemiological and sociocultural factors in the etiology of duodenal ulcer. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine, 6, 121–151.
Reboa, G., Piccardo, A., Giusto, F., and Riboli, E. R. ( 1982, September). Biofeedback: A new method for the recovery of continence in patients with permanent colostomy. Paper presented at The First European Symposium on Gastrointestinal Motility, Bologna, Italy.
Reboa, G., Piccardo, A., Frascio, M., Pitto, G., and Riboli, E. B. (1983). The biofeed-back: A new method for the recovery of continence in patients with permanent colostomy. In G. Labo and M. Bortolotti (Eds.), Gastrointestinal motility. Verona, Italy: Cortina International.
Richard, W. C., and Fell, R. D. (1974). Health factors in police job stress. In W. H. Kroes and J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Job stress and the police officer: Identifying stress reduction techniques. (HEW Publication No. NIOSH 76–187 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Rubin, J., Nagler, R., Spiro, H. M., and Pilot, M. L. (1962). Measuring the effect of emotions on esophageal motility. Psychosomatic Medicine, 24, 170–176.
Schaefer, C. E. (1979). Childhood encopresis and enuresis: Causes and therapy. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Schiller, L. R., Santa Ana, C., Davis, G. R., Sr Fordtran, J. S. (1979). Fecal incontinence in chronic diarrhea. Report of a case with improvement after training with rectally infused saline. Gastroenterology, 77, 751–753.
Schneider, C. ( 1983, March). Biofeedback treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Biofeedback Society of America, Denver, CO.
Scheurer, U., Witzel, L., Halter, F., Keller, H.-M., Huber, R., and Galeazzi, R. (1977). Gastric and duodenal ulcer healing under placebo treatment. Gastroenterology, 72, 838–841.
Schuster, M. M. (1975). The riddle of the sphincters. Gastroenterology, 69, 249–262.
Schuster, M. M. (1977). Constipation and anorectal disorders. Clinics in Gastroenterology, 6, 643–657.
Schuster, M. M., Nikoomanesh, P., and Wells, D. (1973). Biofeedback control of lower esophageal sphincter contraction. Rediconti di Gastroenterologia, 5, 14–18.
Shay, S. S., Rosenthal, R., and Johnson, L. F. (1983, March). Biofeedback therapy of patients with chronic dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux. Paper presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Siegel, D., Tucker, H., Enck, P., Whitehead, W., and Schuster, M. M. (1984). Symptoms differentiating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from other G.I. disoorders. Gastroenterology, 86, 1251.
Singh, N. N. (1981). Rumination. In N. R. Ellis (Ed.), International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 10. New York: Academic Press.
Snape, W. J., Jr., Carlson, G. M., and Cohen, S. (1976). Colonic myoelectric activity in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 70, 326–330.
Spiegel, M. K., Johannes, R. S., Shapiro, M., Malley, J., and Hendrix, T. R. (1984). A prospective study of the symptom complex of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 86, 1263.
Spiegelman, M., and Erhardt, C. L. (1974). Mortality in the United States by cause. In E. L. Erhardt and J. E. Berlin (Eds.), Mortality and morbidity in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Stacher, G., Steinringer, H., Blau, A., and Landgraf, M. (1979). Acoustically evoked esophageal contractions and defense reaction. Psychophysiology, 16, 234–241.
Svedlund, J., Sjodin, I., Ottosson, J-O., and Dotevall, H. (1983). Controlled study of psychotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet, 2, 589–592.
Taylor, I., Darby, C., and Hammond, P. (1978). Comparison of rectosigmoid myoelectric activity in the irritable colon syndrome during relapses and remissions. Gut, 19, 923–929.
Thomas, T. M., Plymat, K. R., Blannin, J., and Meade, T. W. (1980). Prevalence of urinary incontinence. British Medical Journal, 281, 1243–1245.
Thompson, W. G., and Heaton, K. W. (1980). Functional bowel disorders in apparently healthy people. Gastroenterology, 79, 283–288.
Thompson, W. G., and Heaton, K. W. (1982). Heartburn and globus in apparently healthy people. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 126, 46–48.
van Baal, J. G., Leguit, P. Jr., and Brummelkamp, W. H. (1984). Relaxation biofeedback conditioning as treatment of a disturbed defecation reflex: Report of a case. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 27, 187–189.
Van Nostrand, J. F., Zappolo, A., Hing, E., Bloom, B., Hirsch, B., and Foley, D. J. (1979). The national nursing home survey: 1977 summary for the United States. (DHEW Publication No. PHS 79–1794 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Statistics Series 13–43.
Wald, A. (1981a). Biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence. Annals of Internal Medicine, 95, 146–149.
Wald, A. (1981b). Use of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with meningomyelocele. Pediatrics, 68, 45–49.
Wald, A. (1983). Biofeedback for neurogenic fecal incontinence: Rectal sensation is a de- terminant of outcome. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2, 302–306.
Wald, A., and Tunuguntla, A. K. (1984). Anorectal sensorimotor dysfunction in fecal incontinence and diabetes mellitus: Modification with biofeedback therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 310, 1282–1287.
Walker, B. B., Lawton, C. A., and Sandman, C. A. (1978). Voluntary control of electrogastric activity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 40, 610–619.
Watson, W. C., Sullivan, S. N., Corke, M., and Rush, D. (1974). Hypertonicity of the cricopharyngeal sphincter: A cause of globus sensation. Lancet, 2, 1417–1419.
Weinstock, S. A. (1976). The reestablishment of intestinal control in functional colitis. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1, 324.
Welgan, P. R. (1974). Learned control of gastric acid secretions in peptic ulcer patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 36, 411–419.
Welgan, P. R. (1977). Biofeedback control of stomach acid secretions and gastrointestinal reactions. In J. Beatty and H. Legewie (Eds.), Biofeedback and behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Welgan, P., Meshkinpour, H., and Hoehler, F. (1985). The effect of stress on colon motor and electrical activity in irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 139–149.
Wesley, J. R., Coran, A. G., Sarahan, T. M., Klein, M. D., and White, S. J. (1981). The need for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in brain-damaged children referred for feeding gastrostomy. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 16, 866–871.
Whitehead, W. E. (1978). Biofeedback in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 3, 375–384.
Whitehead, W. E. (1985). Psychotherapy and biofeedback in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. In N. E. Read (Ed.), Irritable bowel syndrome. New York: Academic Press.
Whitehead, W. E., and Drescher, V. M. (1980). Perception of gastric contractions and self-control of gastric motility. Psychophysiology, 17, 552–558.
Whitehead, W. E., and Schuster, M. M. (1983). Manometric and electromyographic techniques for assessment of the anorectal mechanism for continence and defecation. In R. Hoelzl and W. E. Whitehead (Eds.), Psychophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract: Experimental and clinical applications (pp. 311–329 ). New York: Plenum Press.
Whitehead, W. E., and Schuster, M. M. (1985). Gastrointestinal Disorders: Behavioral and Physiological Basis for Treatment. New York: Academic Press.
Whitehead, W. E., Renault, P. F., and Goldiamond, I. (1975). Modification of human gastric acid secretion with operant-conditioning procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 147–156.
Whitehead, W. E., Engel, B. T., and Schuster, M. M. (1980). Irritable bowel syndrome: Physiological and psychological differences between diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant patients. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 25, 404–413.
Whitehead, W. E., Orr, W. C., Engel, B. T., and Schuster, M. M. (1981). External anal sphincter response to rectal distention: Learned response or reflex. Psychophysiology, 19, 57–62.
Whitehead, W. E., Parker, L. H., Masek, B. J., Cataldo, M. F., and Freeman, J. M. (1981). Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with myelomenigocele. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, 313–322.
Whitehead, W. E., Winget, C., Fedoravicius, A. S., Wooley, S., and Blackwell, B. (1982). Learned illness behavior in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 27, 202–208.
Whitehead, W. E., Burgio, K. L., and Engel, B. T. (1985) Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence in geriatric patients. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 33, 320–324.
Whitehead, W. E., Parker, L. H., Bosmajian, L. S., Morrill-Corbin, E. D., Middaugh, S., Garwood, M., Cataldo, M. F., and Freeman, J. (1986) Treatment of fecal incontinence in children with spina bifida: Comparison of biofeedback and behavior modification. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67, 218–224.
Winship, D. H. (1978). Cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: Review and commentary. Gastroenterology, 74, 402–406.
Wolf, S., and Almy, T. P. (1949). Experimental observations on cardiospasm in man. Gastroenterology, 13, 401–421.
Young, G. C. (1973). The treatment of childhood encopresis by conditioned gastroileal reflex training. Behavior Research and Therapy, 11, 499–503.
Young, S. J., Alpers, D. H., Norland, C. C., and Woodruff, R. A., Jr. (1976). Psychiatric illness and the irritable bowel syndrome: Practical implications for the primary physician. Gastroenterology, 70, 162–166.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Whitehead, W.E., Schuster, M.M. (1987). Biofeedback in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders. In: Hatch, J.P., Fisher, J.G., Rugh, J.D. (eds) Biofeedback. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9462-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9462-5_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9464-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9462-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive