Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

School Reintegration

  • Chapter
Behavioral Aspects of Pediatric Burns

Part of the book series: Issues in Clinical Child Psychology ((ICCP))

Abstract

Preparation for the pediatric burn patient to reenter society begins almost as soon as the child is admitted for acute care, intensifying as discharge becomes imminent. The specter of returning home and resuming life outside the hospital can be frightening for the pediatric burn survivor, especially if that injury renders the child visibly changed and different from other children in appearance and/or in mobility (Harrison, 1985; Knudson-Cooper, 1982; Luther & Price 1981). Children as young as 3 years old have been observed to attend to physical appearance as a factor in social acceptance (Barden, 1990; Langlois & Downs, 1979). Clinical observations indicate that preschool children, as well as older children and adolescents, who have been burned almost invariably express negative feelings on viewing their burn scars. Their verbal expressions of their own reactions to their changed appearances frequently include a reference to fear of rejection by others. “I look like a monster” is a frequent statement summing up the child’s predictions that other people will be rejecting or demeaning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdullah, A., Blakeney, P., Koon, K., McCauley, R., Robson, M., and Herndon, D. (1992). Visible scars and self-esteem in pediatric burn survivors. Proceedings of the American Burn Association, 24, Abstract No. 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adriaenssens, P., Boeckx, W, Gilles, B., Mertens, S., Nijs, P., and Pyck, K. (1987). Impact of facial burns on the family. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 21, 303–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bains, P. (1993). Going home [videotape]. Sacramento: University of California at Davis Regional Burn Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbarin, O. A. (1990). Adjustment to serious childhood illness. In B. B. Lahey and A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 377–403 ). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Barden, R. C. (1990). The effects of cranio-facial deformity, chronic illness, and physical handicaps on patients and familial adjustment: Research and clinical perspectives. In B. B. Lahey and A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 343–375 ). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bibace, R., and Walsh, M. E. (1980). Development of children’s concepts of illness. Pediatrics, 66, 912–917.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Billingham, K. A. (1982). Developmental psychology for the health care professions (Part 1—Prenatal through adolescent development). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeney, R, Herndon, D., Desai, M., Beard, S., and Wales-Sears, P. (1988). Long-term psychological adjustment following burn injury. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 9, 661–665.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeney, R, Portman, S., and Rutan, R. (1990). Familial values as factors influencing long-term psychosocial adjustment of children after severe burn injury. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 11, 472–475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeney, R, Meyer, W, Moore, P., Broemeling, L., Hunt, R., Robson, M., and Herndon, D. (1993). Social competence and behavioral problems of pediatric survivors of burns. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 14, 65–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeney, P., Washam, K., Cahners, S., and Driscoll, E. (1993a). Brandon [videotape]. Tampa, FL: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeney, P., Washam, K., Cahners, S., and Driscoll, E. (1993b). Megan [videotape]. Tampa, FL: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordlieri, J. E., Solodky, M. L., and Mikos, K. A. (1985). Physical attractiveness and nurses’ perceptions of pediatric patients. Nursing Research, 34, 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, G., Byrne, C., and Brown, B. (1985). Psychological adjustment of burn survivors. Burns, 12, 28–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, C., Love, B., Browne, G., Brown, B., Roberts, J., and Steiner, D. (1986). The social competence of children following burn injury: A study of resilience. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 7, 247–252.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahners, S. (1979). A strong hospital–school liaison: A necessity for good rehabilitation planning for disfigured children. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 13, 167–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cash, T. F. (1990). The psychological of physical appearance: Aesthetics, attributes, and images. In T. E. Cash and T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (pp. 51–79 ). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. G. (1989). Educational needs of the terminally ill student. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 12, 235–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeWet, B., Cywes, S., Davies, M. R. Q., and Van der Riet, L. (1979). Some aspects of posttreatment adjustment in severely burned children. Burns, 5, 979–980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doctor, M. E. (1987). Returning to school after a severe burn. In J. A. Boswick, Jr. (Ed.), The art and science of burn care (pp. 323–328 ). Rochelle, MD: Aspen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doctor, M. E. (1992). Burn camps and community aspects of burn care. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 13, 68–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doctor, M. E., Burne, B., and Jarecke, D. (1993). Through the eyes of a child: Burn recovery [videotape]. Denver, CO: Children’s Hospital.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyles, P., Browne, G., Byrne, C., Brown, B., and Pennock, M. (1984). Methodological problems in studies of burn survivors and their psychosocial prognosis. Burns, 10, 427–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, R. T. (1974). Adjustment of children with invisible and visible handicaps: Congenital heart disease and facial burns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 428–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gove, E, and Keating, D. (1979). Empathic role-taking precursors. Developmental Psychology, 14, 594–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, A. (1985). Body image and self-esteem. In J. Mack and M. Abalon (Eds.), The development and sustenance of self-esteem (pp. 90–183 ). New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henning, J., and Fritz, G. K. (1983). School reentry in childhood cancer. Psychosomatics, 24, 261–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoff-Bullman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Toward a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovanovic, J., Lerner, R. M., and Lerner, J. V. (1989). Objective and subjective attractiveness and early adolescent adjustment. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 225–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E. R. (1980). Illness impact and social reintegration. In J. Kellerman (Ed.), Psychological aspects of childhood cancer (pp. 14–45 ). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E. R., Rubenstein, C. L., Hubert, N. C., and Blew, A. (1988). School and social reintegration of children with cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 6, 123–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E. R., Dolgin, M. J., and Varni, J. W. (1990). Cancer in children and adolescents. In A. M. Gross and R. S. Drabman (Eds.), Handbook of clinical behavioral pediatrics (pp. 129–146 ). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson-Cooper, M. S. (1981). Adjustment to visible stigma: The case of the severely burned. Social Sciences Medicine, 15, 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knudson-Cooper, M. S. (1982). Emotional care of the hospitalized burned child. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 3, 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson-Cooper, M. S. (1984). The antecedents and consequences of children’s burn injuries. Advances in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 33–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koon, K., Blakeney, P., Broemeling, L., Moore, P., Robson, M., and Herndon, D. (1992). Self-esteem in pediatric burn patients. Proceedings of the American Burn Association, 24, Abstract No. 112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, J. H., and Downs, A. C. (1979). Peer relations as a function of physical attractiveness: The eye of the beholder or behavioral reality? Child Development, 50, 409–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, A. M., and Arndt, E. M. (1988). Working with facially disfigured children: A challenge in prevention. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 453–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., and Jovanovic, J. (1990). The role of body images in psychosocial development across the life span: A developmental contextual perspective. In T. F. Cash and T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (pp. 110–130 ). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Love, B., Byrne, C., Roberts, J., Browne, G., and Brown, B. (1987). Adult psychological adjustment following childhood injury: The effect of disfigurement. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 8, 280–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luther, S. L., and Price, J. H. (1981). Burns and their psychological effects on children. Journal of School Health, 51, 419–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, D. (1986). School reentry program for oncology patients. Journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology, 3, 13–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manger, G., and Speed, E. (1986). A coordinated approach to the discharge of burned children. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 7, 127–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W, Blakeney, R,Holzer, C., Moore, R,Murphy, L., Robson, M., and Herndon, D. (in press). Inconsistencies in psychosocial assessment of children post major burn. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R, Blakeney, R, Broemeling, L., Portman, S., Herndon, D., and Robson, M. (1993). Psychologic adjustment after childhood burn injuries as predicted by personality traits. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 14, 80–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riffs, A., Anderson, M., Pedersen, M. B., and Hall, K. W. (1992). Long-term psychosocial adjustment in patients with severe burn injuries: A follow-up study. Burns, 18, 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, J. W. (1984). Resolving non-medical obstacles to successful school reentry for children with cancer. Journal of School Health, 54, 84–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shriners Burns Institute. (1993a). Back to school. Cincinnati, OH: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shriners Burns Institute. (1993b). Back to school guidelines for parents. Cincinnati, OH: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard, E, Norman, D., and Murphy, M. (1989). A diagnosis outcome study of children and adolescents with severe burns. Journal of Trauma, 29, 471–477.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard, E, Norman, D., Murphy, M., and Beardslee, W. R. (1989). Psychiatric outcome of burned children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 589–595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarnowski, K. J., Rasnake, L. K., and Drabman, R. S. (1987). Behavioral assessment and treatment of pediatric burn injuries: A review. Behavior Therapy, 18, 417–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarnowski, K. J., Rasnake, L. K., Linscheid, T. R., and Mulick, J. A. (1989). Behavioral adjustment of pediatric burn victims. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 14, 607–615.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc, V. L. (1992). Psychosocial adaptation of children and adolescents with limb deficiencies: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 275–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walco, G. A., and Varni, J. W. (1991). Cognitive behavioral interventions for children with chronic illnesses. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive behavioral approaches (pp. 209–244 ). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walls Rosenstein, D. L. (1987). A school reentry program for burned children: Part I: Development and implementation of a school reentry program. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 8, 319–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, L., and Fulwiler, R. (1974). Long range emotional sequelae of burns: Effects on children and their mothers. Pediatric Research, 8, 931–934.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, Texas, 77550, USA

    Patricia Blakeney

Authors
  1. Patricia Blakeney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Fort Myers, Florida, USA

    Kenneth J. Tarnowski Ph.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blakeney, P. (1994). School Reintegration. In: Tarnowski, K.J. (eds) Behavioral Aspects of Pediatric Burns. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9389-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9389-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9391-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9389-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation