Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measuring Intratumoral Microvessel Density

  • Chapter
Angiogenesis

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 298))

Abstract

Although Brem et al. (Brem, Cotran, Folkman, 1972) were among the first to suggest that the intensity of intratumoral angiogenesis may correlate with tumor grade and aggressiveness, the first clear-cut evidence that tumor angiogenesis in a human solid tumor could predict the probability of metastasis was reported for cutaneous melanoma. Srivastava et al. (Srivastava, Laidler, Davies, Horgan, Hughes, 1988) studied the vascularity of 20 intermediate thickness skin melanomas. Vessels were highlighted and the stained histologic sections analyzed with an image analysis system. The 10 cases that developed metastases had a vascular area at the tumor base that was more than twice that seen in the 10 cases without metastases (p=0.025).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abulafia, O., Triest, W. E., Sherer, D. M., Hansen, C. C., Ghezzi, F., 1995, Angiogenesis in endometrial hyperplasia and stage I endometrial carcinoma, Obstet. Gynecol.86:479–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albo, D., Granick, M. S., Jhala, N., Atkinson, B., Solomon, M. P., 1994, The relationship of angiogenesis to biological activity in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, Ann. Plast. Surg. 32:588–594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alcalde, R. E., Shintani, S., Yoshihama, Y., Matsumura, T., 1995, Cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinomas, Anticancer Res. 15:1417–1422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angeletti, C. A., Lucchi, M., Fontanini, G., Mussi, A., Chella, A., Ribechini, A., Vignati, S., Bevilacqua, G., 1996, Prognostic significance of tumoral angiogenesis in completely resected late stage lung carcinoma (stage IIIA-N2). Impact of adjuvant therapies in a subset of patients at high risk of recurrence, Cancer 78:409–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, K., Ljung, B. M. E., Moore, D. H., Thor, A. D., Chew, K. L., Edgerton, S. M., Smith, H. S., Mayall, B. H., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic assay for invasive ductal carcinoma, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87:997–1008.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbareschi, M., Gasparini, G., Weidner, N., Morelli, L., Forti, S., Eccher, C., Fina, P., Leonardi, E., Mauri, F., Bevilacqua, P., Dalla Palma, P., 1995, Microvessel density quantification in breast carcinomas: assessment by manual vs. a computer-assisted image analysis system, Appl. Immunohistochem. 3:75–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnhill, R. L., Levy, M. A., 1993, Regressing thin cutaneous malignant melanomas (<1.0 mm) are associated with angiogenesis, Am. J. Pathol. 143:99–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhill R. L., Busam, K. J., Berwick, M., Blessing, K., Cochran, A. J., Elder, D. E., Fandrey, K., Daraoli, T., White, W.L., 1994, Tumor vascularity is not a prognostic factor for cutaneous melanoma [letter], Lancet 344:1237–1238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bevilacqua, P., Barbareschi, M., Verderio, P., Boracchi, P., Caffo, O., Dalla Palma, P., Meli S., Weidner, N., Gasparini, G., 1995, Prognostic value of intratumoral microvessel density, a measure of tumor angiogenesis, in node-negative breast carcinoma — results of a multiparametric study, Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 36:205–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bochner, B. H., Cote, R. J., Weidner, N., Groshen, S., Chen, S-C., Skinner, D. G., Nichols, P. W., 1995, Angiogenesis in bladder cancer: relationship between microvessel density and tumor prognosi s, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87:1603–1612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosari, S., Lee, A. K., DeLellis, R. A., Wiley, B. D., Heatley, G.J., Silverman, M. L., 1992, Microvessel quantitation and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma, Hum. Pathol 23:755–761.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brawer, M. K., Deering, R. E., Brown, M., Preston, S. D., Bigler, S. A. 1994, Predictors of pathologic stage in prostate carcinoma, Cancer 73:678–687.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brem, S., Cotran, R., Folkman, J., 1972, Tumor angiogenesis: a quantitative method for histologic grading, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 48:347–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, G. L., Tiebosch, A. T. M. G., van der Putten, H. W. H. M., Schouten, H. J. A., de Haan, J., Arends, J-W., 1996, Tumor angiogenesis. an independent prognostic parameter in cervical cancer, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 174(1 Pt 1): 126–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, P. C., Montgomery, A. M. P., Rosenfeld, M., Reisfeld, R. A., Hu, T., Ilier, G., Cheresh, D. A., 1994,. Integrin αvβ3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels, Cell 79:1157–1164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carnochan, P., Briggs, J. C., Westbury, G., Davies, A. J., 1991, The vascularity of cutaneous melanoma: a quantitative histologic study of lesions 0.85–1.25 mm in thickness, Brit. J. Cancer 64:102–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charpin, C., Devictor, B., Bergeret, D., Andrac, L., Boulat, J., Horschowski, N., Lavaut, M. N., Piana, L., 1995, CD31 quantitative immunocytochemical assays in breast carcinomas. Correlation with current prognostic factors, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 103:443–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, P., McCann, A., Carney, D. N., Dervan, P. A., 1995, Prognostic significance of microvessel density in lymph node negative breast carcinoma, Hum. Pathol. 26:1181–1184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeYoung, B. R., Wick, M. R., Fitzgibbon, J. F., Sirgi, K. E., Swanson, P. E., 1993, CD31: An immunospecific marker for endothelial differentiation in human neoplasms, Appl. Immunohistochem. 1:97–100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, A. J., Fox, S. B., Persad, R. A., Hollyer, J., Sibley, G. N., Harris, A. L., 1994, Quantification of angiogenesis as an independent predictor of prognosis in invasive bladder carcinomas, Brit. J. Urol. 74:762–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dray, T. G., Hardin, N. J., Sofferman, R. A., 1995, Angiogenesis as a prognostic marker in early head and neck cancer, Ann. Otol Rhinol. Laryngol. 104:724–729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egawa, S., Tsutsumi, M., Konishi, Y., Kobari, M., Matsuni, S., Nagasaki, K., Futami, H., Yamaguchi, K., 1995, The role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth of Syrian hamster pancreatic cancer cell line HPD-NR,Gastroenterology 108:1536–1533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esserman, L., Hylton, N., George, T., Yassa, L., Weidner, N., (submitted), Constrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) provides a window to visualize anatomic extent and tumor angiogenesis in breast carcinoma, Cancer Res.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallowfield, M. E., Cook, M. G., 1991, The vascularity of primary cutaneous melanoma, J. Pathol. 164:241–244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, J., Watson, K., Ingber, D., Hanahan, D., 1989, Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia, Nature 339:58–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, J., 1994, Angiogenesis and breast cancer, J. Clin. Oncol. 12:441–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fontanini, G., Bigini, D., Vignati, S., Basolo, F., Mussi, A., Lucchi, M., Chine, S., Angeletti, C. A., Bevilacqua, G., 1995, Recurrence and death in non small cell lung carcinomas: a prognostic model using pathological parameters, microvessel count, and gene protein products, J. Pathol. 177:57–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S. B., Leek R. D., Smith, K., Hollyer, J., Greenall, M., Harris, A. L., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis in node-negative breast carcinomas: relationship with epidermal growth factor receptor, estrogen receptor, and survival, Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 29:109–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S. B., Stuart, N., Smith, K., Brunner, N., Harris, A. L., 1993, High levels of uPA and PA-1 are associated with highly angiogenic breast carcinomas, J. Pathol. 170 (Suppl):388a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fregene, T. A., Khanuja, P. S., Noto, A. C., Gehani, S. K., Van Egmont, E. M., Luz, D. A., Pienta, K. J., 1993, Tumor- associated angiogenesis in prostate cancer, Anticancer Res. 13:2377–2381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini, G., Weidner, N., Bevilacqua, P., Maluta, S., Boracchi, P., Testolin, A., Pozza, F., Folkman, J., 1993, Intratumoral microvessel density and p53 protein: correlation with metastasis in head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Int. J. Cancer 55:739–744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini, G., Bevilacqua, P., Boracchi, P., Maluta, S., Pozza, F., Barbareschi, M., Dalla Palma, P., Mezzett, M., Harris, A. L., 1994a, Prognostic value of p53 expression in early-stage breast carcinoma compared with tumour angiogenesis, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB2, cathepsin D, DNA ploidy, parameters of cell kinetics and conventional features, Int. J. Oncol. 4:155–162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini, G., Weidner, N., Bevilacqua, P., Maluta, S., Dalla Palma, P., Caffo, O., Barbareschi, M., Boracchi, P., Marubini, E., Pozza, F., 1994b, Tumor microvessel density, p53 expression, tumor size, and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are relevant prognostic markers in node-negative breast carcinoma, J. Clin. Oncol. 12:454–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini, G., Barbareschi, M., Boracchi, P., Bevilacqua, P., Verderio, P., Dalla Palma, P., Menard, S., 1995a, 67-kDa laminin-receptor expression adds prognostic information to intra-tumoral microvessel density in node-negative breast cancer, Int. J. Cancer 60:604–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini, G., Barbareschi, M., Boracchi, P., Verderio, P., Caffo, O., Meli, S., Palma, P. D., Marubini, E., Bevilacqua, P., 1995b, Tumor angiogenesis may predict clinical outcome of node-positive breast cancer patients treated either with adjuvant hormone therapy or chemotherapy, Cancer J. Sci. Am. 1:131–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goulding, H., Rashid, N. F. N. A., Robertson, J. F., Bell, J. A., Elston, C. W., Blarney, R. W., Ellis, I. O., 1995, Assessment of angiogenesis in breast carcinoma: An important factor in prognosis? Hum. Pathol 26:1196–1200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, C. H., Rivers, J., Kerbel, R. S., Stankiewicz, K. S., White, W. L., 1994, Extent of vascularization as a prognostic indicator in thin (<0.76 mm) malignant melanomas, Am. J. Pathol. 145:510–514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, N. R., Fish, D. E., Hunt, N., Goldin, R. D., Guillou, P. J., Monson, J. R. T., 1992, Is the relationship between angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer real? Surg Oncol 1:223–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. C., Troncoso, P., Pollack, A., Zhau, H. Y., Zagars, G. K., Chung, L. W., von Eschenbach, A. C., 1994, Significance of tumor angiogenesis in clinically localized prostate carcinoma treated with external beam radiotherapy, Urology 44:869–875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth, H. C., Kohn, E. C., Steinberg, S. M., Rothenberg, M. L., Merino, M. J., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis in advanced stage ovarian carcinoma, Am. J. Pathol. 147:33–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horak, E., Leek, R., Klenk, N., LeJeune, S., Smith, K., Stuart, N., Greenall, M., Stepniewska, K., Harris, A. L., 1992, Angiogenesis, assessed by platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule antibodies, as indicator of node metastases and survival in breast cancer, Lancet 340:1120–1124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inada, K., Toi, M., Hoshina, S., Hayashi, K., Tominaga, T., 1995, Significance of tumor angiogenesis as an independent prognostic factor in axillary node-negative breast cancer, Gan. To. Kagaku Jap. J. Cancer Chemo. 22 (suppl 1): 59–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, T. M., Weidner, N., Chew, K., Moore, D. H., Kerschmann, R. L., Waldman, F. M., Carroll, P. R., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastases in invasive bladder cancer. J. Urol. 154:59–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kainz, C., Speiser, P., Wanner, C., Obermair, A., Tempfer, C., Sliutz, G., Reinthaller, A., Breitenecker, G., 1995, Prognostic value of tumor microvessel density in cancer of the uterine cervix stage IB to IIB, Anticancer Res. 15:1549–1551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, J., Bossy-Wetzel, E., Radvani, F., Klagsburn, M., Folkman, J., Hanahan, D., 1991, Neovascularization is associated with a switch to the export of bFGF in the multi-step development of fibrosarcoma, Cell 66:1095–1104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohno, Y., Iwanari, O., Kitao, M., 1993, Prognostic importance of histologic vascular density in cervical cancer treated with hypertensive intraarterial chemotherapy, Cancer 72:2394–2400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konno, H., Tanaka, T., Matsuda, I., Kanai, T., Maruo, Y., Nishino, N., Nakamura, S., Baba, S., 1995, Comparison of the inhibitory effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 and mitomycin C on the growth and liver metastasis of human colon cancer, Int. J. Cancer 61:268–271,

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leedy, D. A., Trune, D. R., Kronz, J. D., Weidner, N., Cohen, J. I., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis, the p53 antigen, and cervical metastasis in squamous carcinoma, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg 111:417–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, S. P., Folkerth, R. D., Black, P. M., 1996, Microvessel density is a prognostic indicator for patients with astroglial brain tumors, Cancer 77(2):362–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, V. W., Folkerth, R. D., Watanabe, H., Yu, C., Rupnick, M., Barnes, P., Scott, R. M., Black, P. M., Sallan, S.E., Folkman, J., 1994, Microvessel count and cerebrospinal fluid basic fibroblast growth factor in children with brain tumors, Lancet 334:82–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipponen, P., Ji, H., Aaltomaa, S., Syrjanen, K., 1994, Tumor vascularity and basement membrane structure in breast cancer as related to tumor histology and prognosis, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 120:645–650.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, T. A., Rouse, R. V., 1994, CD31: A new marker for vascular neoplasia, Adv. Anat. Pathol. 1:16–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macchiarini, P., Fontanini, G., Hardin, M. J., Hardin, M. J., Squartini, F., Angeletti, C. A., 1992, Relation of neovascularure to metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer, Lancet 340:145–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macchiarini, P., Fontanini, G., Dulmet, E., de Montpreville, V., Chapelier, A.R., Cerrin, J., Le Roy Ladurie, F., Dartevelle, P.G., 1994, Angiogenesis: an indicator of metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer invading the thoracic inlet. Ann Thorac Surg 57:1534–1539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLennan, G. T., Bostwick, D. G.1995, Microvessel density in renal cell carcinoma: lack of prognostic significance, Urology 46:27–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, K., Chung, Y.-S., Takatsuka, S., Ogawa, Y., Onoda, N., Sawada, T., Kato, Y., Nitta, A., Arimoto, Y., Kondo, Y., Sowa, M., 1995a, Tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation as prognostic indicators in gastric carcinoma, Br. J. Cancer 72:319–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, K., Chung, Y-S., Takatsuka, S., Ogawa, Y., Sawada, T., Yamashito, Y., Onoda, N., Kato, Y., Nitta, A., Arimoto, Y., Kondo, Y., Sowa, M., 1995b, Tumor angiogenesis as a predictor of recurrence in gastric carcinoma, J. Clin. Oncol. 13:477–481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, K., Chung, Y.-S., Ogawa, Y., Takatsuka, S., Kang, S., Ogawa, M., Sawada, T., Sowa, M., 1996, Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric carcinoma, Cancer 77:858–863.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikami, Y., Tsukuda, M., Mochimatsu, I., Kokatsu, T., Yago, T., Sawaki, S., 1991, Angiogenesis in head and neck tumors, Nip. Jib. Gak. Kai. 96:645–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miliaras, D., Kamas, A., Kalekou, H., 1995, Angiogenesis in invasive breast carcinoma: is it associated with parameters of prognostic significance? Histopathology 26:165–169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, M., Watanabe, H., Budson, A. E., Richie, J. P., Folkman, J., 1993, Elevated levels of the angiogenic peptide basic fibroblast growth factor in urine of bladder cancer patients, J. Natl. Cancer Instil 85:241–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obermair, A., Czerwenka, K., Kurz, C., Buxbaum, P., Schemper, M., Sevela, P., 1994a, Influence of tumoral microvessel density on the recurrence-free survival in human breast cancer: preliminary results, Onkologie 17:44–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obermair, A., Czerwenka, K., Kurz, C., Kaider, A., Sevelda, P., 1994b, Tumor vascular density in breast tumors and their effect on recurrence free survival, Chirurg. 65:611–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obermair, A., Kurz, C., Czervenka, K., Thoma, M., Kaider, A., Wagner, T., Gitsch, G., Sevelda, P., 1996,. Microvessel density and vessel invasion in lymph node negative breast cancer: effect on recurrence-free survival, Int. J. Cancer 62:126–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, Y., Chung, Y-S., Nakata, B., Takatsuka, S., Maeda, K., Sawada, T., Kato, Y., Yoshikawa, K., Sakurai, M., Sowa, M., 1995, Microvessel quantitation in invasive beast cancer by staining for factor VIII-related antigen, Brit. J. Cancer 71: 1297–1301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivarez, D., Ulbright, T., DeRiese, W., Foster, R., Reister, T., Einhorn, L., Sledge, G., 1994, Neovascularization in clinical stage A testicular germ cell tumor: prediction of metastatic disease, Cancer Res 54:2800–2802.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutger, J. L., Mattox, T. F., Vargas, M. P., 1995, Angiogenesis in uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma, Int. J. Gynecol Pathol 14:114–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saclarides, T. J., Speziale, N. J., Drab, E., Szeluga, D. J., Rubin, D. B., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis and rectal carcinoma, Dis. Colon Rectum 37:921–926.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenger, K., Hockel, M., Mitze, M., Schaffer, U., Weikel, W., Knapstein, P. G., Lambert, A., 1995, Tumor vascularity — A novel prognostic factor in advanced cervical carcinoma, Gynecol. Oncol. 59:57–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlingemann, R. O., Rietveld, F. J. R., Kwaspen, F., van de Kerkhof, P. C. M., de Waal, R. M. W., Ruiter, D. J., 1991, Differential expression of markers for endothelial cells, pericytes, and basal lamina in the microvasculature of tumors and granulation tissue, Am. J. Pathol 138:1335–1347.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scopinaro, F., Schillaci, O., Scarpini, M., Mingazzini, P. L., diMacio, L., Banci, M., Danieli, R., Zerilli, M., Limiti, M. R., CentiColella, A., 1994, Technetium-99m sestamibi: an indicator of breast cancer invasiveness, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 21:984–987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimoyama, S., Gansauge, F., Gansauge, S., Negri, G., Oohara, T., Beger, H. G., 1996, Increased angiogenin expression in pancreatic cancer is related to cancer aggressiveness, Cancer Res. 56:2703–2706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siitonen, S. M., Haapasalo, H. K., Rantala, I. S., Helin, H. J., Isola, J. J., 1995, Comparison of different immunohistochemical methods in the assessment of angiogenesis: lack of prognostic value in a group of 77 selected node-negative breast carcinomas, Mod. Pathol 8:745–752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smolle, J., Soyer, H-P., Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Smolle-Juettner, F. M., Kerl, H., 1989, Vascular architecture of melanocytc skin tumors. A quantitative immunohistochemical study using automated image analysis, Pathol. Res. Pract. 185:740–745.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, A., Laidlef, P., Hughes, L. E., Woodcock, J., Shedden, E. J., 1986, Neovascularization in human cutaneous melanoma: a quantitative morphological and Doppler ultrasound study, Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol 22:1205–1209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, A., Laidler, P., Davies, R., Horgan, K., Hughes, L. E., 1988, The prognostic significance of tumor vascularity in intermediate-thickness (0.76–4.0 mm thick) skin melanoma, Am. J. Pathol. 133:419–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahan, S. R., Stein, A. L., 1995, Angiogenesis in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: tumor vascularity is not an indicator of metastatic risk, J. Cutan. Pathol. 22:236–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takebayashi, Y., Akiyama, S.-L., Yamada, K., Akiba, S., Aikou, T., 1996, Angiogenesis as an unfavorable prognostic factor in human colorectal carcinoma, Cancer 78:226–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toi, M., Kashitani, J., Tominaga, T., 1993, Tumor angiogenesis is an independent prognostic indicator of primary breast carcinoma, Int. J. Cancer 55:371–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toi, M., Hoshina, S., Yamamoto, Y., Ishii, T., Hayashi, K., Tominaga, T., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis in breast carcinoma: significance of vessel density as a prognostic indicator, Gan. To. Kagaku Ryoho Japanese J. Cancer Chemo. 21 (Suppl 2): 178–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toi, M., Inada, K., Suzuki, H., Tominaga, T., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer: its importance as a prognostic indicator and the association with vascular endothelial growth factor expression, Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 36:193–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomisaki, S., Ohno, S., Ichiyoshi, Y., Kuwano, H., Maehara, Y., Sugimachi, K., 1996, Microvessel quantification and its possible relation with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, Cancer(Suppl), 77:1722–1728.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traweek, S. T., Kandalaft, P. L., Mehta, P., Battifora, H., 1991, The human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34) in vascular neoplasia, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 96:25–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vacca, A., Ribatti, D., Roncali, L., Lospalluti, M., Serio, G., Carrel, S., Dammacco, F., 1993, Melanocyte tumor progression is associated with changes in angiogenesis and expression of the 67-kilodalton laminin receptor, Cancer 72:455–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vacca, A., Ribatti, D., Roncali, L., Ranieri, G., Serio, G., Silvestris, F., Dammacco, F., 1994, Bone marrow angiogenesis and progression in multiple myeloma, Brit. J. Haematol. 87:503–508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hoef, M. E. H. M., Knox, W. F., Dhesi, S. S., Howell, A., Schor, A. M., 1993, Assessment of tumor vascularity as a prognostic factor in lymph node negative invasive breast cancer, Eur. J. Cancer 29A: 1141–1145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van de Rijn, M., Rouse, R.V., 1994, CD34: A review. Appl. Immunohistochem. 2:71–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Diest, P. J., Zevering, J. P., Zevering, L. C., Baak, J. P. A., 1995, Prognostic value of microvessel quantitation in cisplatin treated Figo 3 and 4 ovarian cancer patients, Pathol. Res. Pract. 191:25–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vesalainen, S., Lipponen, P., Talja, M., Alhava, E., Syrjanen, K., 1994, Tumor vascularity and basement membrane structure as prognostic factors in T1–2M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma, Anticancer Res. 14:709–714.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visscher, D. W., Smilanetz, S., Drozdowicz, S., Wykes, S. M., 1993, Prognostic significance of image morphometric microvessel enumeration in breast carcinoma, Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 15:88–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volm, M., Koomagi, R., Kaufmann, M., Mattern, J., Stammler, G., 1996, Microvessel density, expression of proto- oncogenes, and resistance-related proteins and incidence of metastases in primary ovarian carcinomas, Clin. Exp. Met. 14:209–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakui, S., Furusato, M., Itoh, T., Sasaki, H., Akiyama, A., Kinoshita, I., Asano, K., Tokuda, T., Aizawa S., Ushigome, S., 1992, Tumor angiogenesis in prostatic carcinoma with and without bone marrow metastasis: a morphometric study, J. Pathol. 168:257–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. M., Kumar, S., Pye, D., Haboubi, N., Al-Nakib, L., 1994, Breast carcinoma: comparative study of tumor vasculature using two endothelial-cell markers, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86:386–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. M., Kumar, S., Pye, D., van Agthoven, A. J., Krupinski, J., Hunter, R. D., 1993, A monoclonal antibody detects heterogeneity in vascular endothelium of tumors and normal tissues, Int. J. Cancer 54:363–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, I. I., Nguyen, M., Schizer, M., 1992, Basic fibroblast growth factor in human serum — a prognostic test for breast cancer, Mol. Biol. Cell. 3:324a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidner, N., 1992, The relationship of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis with emphasis on invasive breast carcinoma, in: Advances in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Volume 5 (R.S. Weinstein RS, ed), pp. 101–121, Mosby Year Book, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidner, N., Semple, J. P., Welch, W. R., Folkman, J., 1991, Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis — correlation in invasive breast carcinoma, N. Engl. J. Med. 324:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidner, N., Folkman, J., Pozza, F., Bevilacqua, P., Allred, E. N., Moore, D. H., Meli S., Gasparini G., 1992, Tumor angiogenesis: a new significant and independent prognostic indicator in early-stage breast carcinoma, J. Natl.Cancer Inst. 84:1875–1887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidner, N., Carroll, P. R., Flax, J., Blumenfeld, W., Folkman, J., 1993, Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma, Am. J. Pathol 143:401–409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, D. L., Granai, C.O., Steinhoff, M. M., Calabresi, P., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma, Gynecol. Oncol. 56:353–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. K., Carlson, G. W., Cohen, C., Derose, P. B., Hunter, S., Jurkiewicz, M. J., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic factor in oral cavity tumors, Am. J. Surg. 168:373–380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki, K., Abe, S., Takekawa, H., Sukoh, N., Watanabe, N., Ogura, S., Nakajima, I., Isobe, H., Inoue, K., Kawakami, Y., 1994, Tumor angiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma, Cancer 74:2245–2250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, A., Yang, P-C., Yu, C-J., Yao, Y-T., Lee, Y-C., Kuo, S-H., Luh, K-T., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis correlates with histologic type and nodal metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma, Am. J. Resp. Critical Care Med. Dec. 152(6 Pt 1): 2157–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zatterstrom, U. K., Brun, E., Willen, R., Kjellen, E., Wennerberg, J., 1995, Tumor angiogenesis and prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Head & Neck 17:312–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of California, Box 0102, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0102, USA

    Noel Weidner MD

Authors
  1. Noel Weidner MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

    Michael E. Maragoudakis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weidner, N. (1998). Measuring Intratumoral Microvessel Density. In: Maragoudakis, M.E. (eds) Angiogenesis. NATO ASI Series, vol 298. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9185-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9185-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9187-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9185-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation