Abstract
This chapter covers systems that use optically transparent devices for space-division switching, time-division switching, and spectral-division switching. Some systems that we will discuss, especially those classified as using spectral-division switching, may contain both optically transparent and optical logic components, but the optical logic components are usually at the edge of the network and the information is distributed principally through optically transparent devices. Since optical logic devices are not covered until Chapter 4, some devices are introduced in a rudimentary way when their characteristics are important to the system under consideration. More rigorous device descriptions can be found in Chapters 2 and 4.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
V. E. Benes, Mathematical Theory of Connecting Networks and Telephone Traffic, Academic Press, New York (1965).
J. Y. Hui, Switching and Traffic Theory for Integrated Broadband Networks, Kluwer Academic, Boston (1990).
H. J. Seigel, Interconnection Networks for Large-Scale Parallel Processing, Heath, Boston (1985).
W.-K. Chen, Theory of Nets: Flows in Networks, Wiley, New York (1990).
T.-Y. Feng, A survey of interconnection networks, Computer Dec., 12–27 (1981).
J. H. Patel, Performance of processor-memory interconnections for multiprocessors, IEEE Trans. Comput. C-30, 771–780 (1981).
L. R. Goke and G. J. Lipovski, Banyan networks for partitioning multiprocessor systems, Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1973, pp. 21–28.
C.-L. Wu and T.-Y. Feng, On a class of multistage interconnection networks, IEEE Trans. Comput. C-29, 694–702 (1980).
D. Slepian, Two theorems on a particular crossbar switching network, unpublished manuscript (1952).
A. M. Duguid, Structural properties of switching networks, Brown Univ. Prog. Rep. BTL-7 (1959).
P. Hall, On representatives of subsets, J. London Math. Soc. 10, 26–30 (1935).
L. Mirsky, Transversal Theory, Academic Press, New York (1971).
D. C. Opferman and N. T. Tsao-Wu, On a class of rearrangeable switching networks—Part I: Control algorithms, Part II: Enumeration studies of fault diagnosis, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 1579–1618 (1971).
M. C. Pauli, Reswitching of connection networks, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 41, 833–855 (1962).
A. Varma and C. S. Raghavendra, Rearrangeability of multistage shuffle/exchange networks, IEEE Trans. Commun. COM-36, 1138–1147 (1988).
D. G. Smith and M. M. Rahmnekhan, Wide-sense non-blocking networks, and some packing algorithms, Proc. 1976 Int. Teletraffic Conf, pp. 542–1–542–4.
V. E. Benes and R. P. Kurshan, Wide-sense non-blocking network made of square switches, Electron. Lett. 17, 697 (1981).
R. A. Spanke, Architectures for large nonblocking optical space switches, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22, 964–967 (1986).
C. Clos, A study of non-blocking switching networks, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 32, 406–424 (1953).
A. Huang and S. Knauer, Starlite: A wideband digital switch, Proc. Globecom ’84.
Y.-S. Yeh, M. G. Hluchyj, and A. S. Acampora, The knockout switch: A simple, modular architecture for high-performance packet switching, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-5, 1274 1283 (1987).
A. R. Diaz, R. F. Kaiman, J. W. Goodman, and A. A. Sawchuck, Fiber-optic crossbar switch with broadcast capability, Opt. Eng. 27, 1087–1095 (1988).
J. D. Evankow and R. A. Thompson, Photonic switching modules designed with laser diode amplifiers, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-6, 1087–1095 (1988).
H. S. Hinton, A nonblocking optical interconnection network using directional couplers, Proceedings of 1984 IEEE GLOBECOM, 2, pp. 885–889.
M. Kondo, N. Takado, K. Komatsu, and Y. Ohta, 32 switch-elements integrated low-crosstalk Ti:LiNbO3 optical matrix switch, IOOC-ECOC, 1985, pp. 361–364.
G. A. Bogert, Ti:LiNbO3 intersecting waveguides, Electron. Lett. 23, 817–818 (1987).
R. A. Spanke, Architectures for guided-wave optical space switching systems, IEEE Commun. 25, 42–48 (1987).
A. Waksman, A permutation network, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., 15, 159–163 (1968).
K. Padmanabhan and A. N. Netravali, Dilated networks for photonic switching, IEEE Trans. Commun. COM-35, 1357 1365 (1987).
M. Fujiwara, H. Nishimoto, T. Kajitani, M. Itoh, and S. Suzuki, Studies on semiconductor optical amplifiers for line capacity expansion in photonic space-division switching system, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-9, 155–160 (1991).
Introduction to digital transmission, in: Transmission Systems for Communications, 5th ed., Bell Telephone Laboratories, pp. 589 606 (1982).
Digital Hierarchy—Optical Interface Rates and Formats Specifications, ANSI T1. 105–1988.
K. Oshima, T. Kitayama, M. Yamaki, T. Matsui, and K. Ito, Fiber-optic local area passive network using burst TDMA scheme, IEEE-J. Lightwave Technol. LT-3, 502–510 (1985).
J. R. Erickson, R. A. Nordin, W. A. Payne, and M. T. Ratajack, A 1.7 gigabit-per-second, time-multiplexed photonic switching experiment, IEEE Commun. 25, pp. 56 58 (1987).
T. K. Gustafson and P. W. Smith (eds.), Photonic Switching, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1987). See T. Yasui and K. Kikuchi, Photonic switching system/network architectural possibilities, pp. 158–166.
R. S. Tucker, S. K. Korotky, G. Eisenstein, L. L. Buhl, J. J. Veselka, G. Raybon, B. L. Kasper, A. H. Gnauck, and R. C. Alferness, 16-Gbit/s optical time-division-multiplexed transmission system experiment, OFC ‘88 Technical Digest, Vol. 1 THB2, OSA, p. 149.
S. Suzuki, T. Terakado, K. Komatsu, K. Nagashima, A. Suzuki, and M. Kondo, An experiment on high-speed optical time-division switching, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-4, 894 899 (1986).
R. A. Thompson and P. P. Giordano, An experimental photonic time-slot interchanger using optical fibers as reentrant delay-line memories, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-5, 154 162(1987).
T. K. Gustafson and P. W. Smith (eds.), Photonic Switching, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1987). See W. A. Payne and H. S. Hinton, System considerations for the lithium niobate photonic switching technology, pp. 196 199.
L. G. Cohen and J. W. Fleming, Effect of temperature on transmission in lightguides, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 58, 945–951 (1979).
R.I. MacDonald, Switched optical delay-line signal processors, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-5, 856–861 (1987).
T. K. Gustafson and P. W. Smith (eds.), Photonic Switching, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1987). See R. A. Thompson, Optimizing photonic variable-integer-delay circuits, pp. 158–166.
P. R. Prucnal, M. A. Santoro, and T. R. Fan, Spread spectrum fiber-optic local area network using optical processing, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-4, 547–554 (1986).
P. R. Prucnal, M. A. Santoro, and S. K. Sehgal, Ultrafast all-optical synchronous multiple access fiber networks, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-4, 1484–1493 (1986).
G. J. Foschini and G. Vannucci, Using spread-spectrum in a high-capacity fiber-optic local network, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-6, 370–379 (1988).
A. A. M. Saleh and H. Kogelnik, Reflective single-mode fiber-optic passive star couplers, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-6, 392–398 (1988).
T. E. Darcie, Subcarrier multiplexing for multiple-access lightwave networks, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-5, 1103–1110 (1987).
J. Lipson, L. C. Upadhyayula, S.-Y. Huang, C. B. Roxlo, E. J. Flynn, P. M. Nitzsche, C. J. McGrath, G. L. Fenderson, and M. S. Schaefer, High-fidelity lightwave transmission of multiple AM-VSB NTSC signals, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-38, 483–493 (1990).
T. E. Darcie and G. E. Bodeep, Lightwave subcarrier CATV transmission systems, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-38, 524–533 (1990).
P. M. Hill and R. Olshansky, A 20-channel optical communication system using subcarrier multiplexing for the transmission of digital video signals, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-8, 554–560 (1990).
R. Olshansky and V. A. Lanziera, 60-channel FM video subcarrier multiplexed optical communication system, Electron. Lett. 23, 1196–1197 (1987).
J. E. Bowers, Optical transmission using PSK-modulated subcarriers at frequencies to 16 GHz, Electron. Lett. 22, 1119–1121 (1986).
G. E. Bodeep and T. E. Darcie, Semiconductor lasers versus external modulators: A comparison of nonlinear distortion for lightwave subcarrier CATV applications, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PTL-1, 401–403 (1989).
P. S. Henry, R. A. Linke, and A. H. Gnauck, Introduction to lightwave systems, in: Optical Fiber Telecommunications II (S. E. Miller and I. P. Kaminow, eds.), pp. 822–825, Academic Press, New York (1988).
C. A. Brackett, Dense wavelength division multiplexing networks: Principles and applications, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-8, 948–964 (1990).
J. T. Verdeyen, Laser Electronics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1981).
J. E. Bowers and M. A. Pollack, Semiconductor lasers for telecommunications, in: Optical Fiber Telecommunications II (S. E. Miller and I. P. Kaminow, eds.), pp. 509–568, Academic Press, New York (1988).
H. Kobrinski, M. P. Vecchi, M. S. Goodman, E. L. Goldstein, T. E. Chapuran, J. M. Cooper, M. Tur, C.-E. Zah, and S. G. Menocal, Jr., Fast wavelength-switching of laser transmitters and amplifiers, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-8, 1190–1202 (1990).
M. S. Goodman, H. Kobrinski, M. P. Vecchi, R. M. Bulley, and J. L. Gimlett, The LAMBDANET multiwavelength network: Architecture, applications, and demonstrations, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-8, 995–1004 (1990).
TSL1000 Tunable External Cavity Semiconductor Laser, BT&D Technologies, USE-0052–03-17–89, Wilmington, Del.
F. Heismann, R. C. Alferness, L. L. Buhl, G. Eisenstein, S. K. Korotky, J. J. Veselka, L. W. Stulz, and C. A. Burrus, Narrow-linewidth, electro-optically tunable InGaAsP-Ti:LiNbO3 extended cavity laser, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 164–166 (1987).
G. Coquin, K. W. Cheung, and M. M. Choy, Single- and multiple-wavelength operation of acousto-optically tuned lasers at 1.3 µm, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-25, 1575–1579 (1989).
M. Fujiwara, N. Shimosaka, M. Nishio, S. Suzuki, S. Yamazaki, S. Murata, and K. Kaede, A coherent photonic wavelength-division switching system for broad-band networks, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-8, 416–422 (1990).
L. G. Kazovsky, M. Stern, S. G. Menocal, and C.-E. Zah, DBR active optical filters: Transfer function and noise characteristics, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-8, 1441–1451 (1990).
T. Numai, 1.5 µm optical filter using a two-section Fabry Perot laser diode with wide tuning range and high constant gain, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PTL-2, 401–403 (1990).
I. P. Kaminow, P. P. Iannone, J. Stone, and L. W. Stulz, FDMA-FSK star network with a tunable optical filter demultiplexer, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-6, 1406–1414 (1988);
I. P. Kaminow, FSK with direct detection in optical multiple-access FDM networks, IEEE J. Sci. Areas Commun. SAC-8, 1005–1014 (1990).
A. Frenkel and C. Lin, Angle-tuned etalon filters for optical channel selection in high density wavelength-division multiplexed systems, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-7, 615–624 (1989).
M. W. Maeda, J. S. Patel, C. Lin, J. Horrobin, and R. Spicer, Electronically tunable liquid-crystal-etalon filter for high-density WDM systems, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PTL-2, 820–822 (1990).
F. Heisman, W. Warzanskyj, R. C. Alferness, and L. L. Buhl, Narrowband double-pass wavelength filter with broad tuning range, Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics, 1988, Technical Digest Series, Vol. 5, pp. 103–106, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
K.-W. Cheung, Acoustooptic tunable filters in narrowband WDM networks: Systems issues and network applications, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-8, 1015–1025 (1990).
OFC1100 Tunable Optical Filter, BT&D Technologies, USE-0048–03-17–89, Wilmington, Del.
N. A. Olsson and W. T. Tsang, An optical switching and routing system using frequency tunable cleaved-coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 332–334(1984).
D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, Transparent single mode fiber optical networks, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-4, 864–869 (1986).
E.-J. Bachus, R.-P. Braun, C. Caspar, E. Grossman, H. Foisel, K. Hermes, H. Lamping, B. Strebel, and F. J. Westphal, Ten-channel coherent optical fiber transmission, Electron. Lett. 22, 1002–1003 (1986).
E. Arthurs, J. M. Cooper, M. S. Goodman, H. Kobrinski, M. Tur, and M. P. Vecchi, Multiwavelength optical crossconnect for parallel-processing computers, Electron. Lett. 24, 119–120 (1986).
B. S. Glance, K. Pollock, C. A. Burrus, B. L. Kasper, G. Eisenstein, and L. W. Stulz, WDM coherent optical star network, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-6, 67–72 (1988).
B. S. Glance and O. Scarmucci, High-Performance Dense FDM Coherent Optical Network, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. 8, No. 6, Aug. 1990, pp. 1043–1047.
C. Lin, H. Kobrinski, A. Frenkel, and C. A. Brackett, Wavelength-tunable 16 optical channel transmission experiment at 2 Gb/s and 600 Mb/s for broadband subscriber distribution, Electron. Lett. 24, 1215–1217 (1988).
A. R. Chraplyvy and R. W. Tkach, Narrowband tunable optical filter for channel selection in densely packed WDM systems, Electron. Lett. 22, 1084–1085 (1986).
H. Toba, K. Oda, K. Nakanishi, N. Shibata, K. Nosu, N. Takato, and M. Fukuda, A 100-channel optical FDM transmission/distribution at 622 Mb/s over 50 km, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-8, 1396–1401 (1990).
E. Arthurs, M. S. Goodman, H. Kobrinski, and M. P. Vecchi, Hypass: An optoelectronic hybrid packet switching system, IEEE Sel. Areas Commun. SAC-6, 1500 1510 (1988).
J. Stone and L. W. Stulz, Pigtailed high-finesse tunable fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers with large, medium, and small free spectral ranges, Electron. Lett. 23, 781 (1987).
J. I. Capetanakis, Generalized TDMA: The multi-access tree protocol, IEEE Trans. Commun. COM-27, 1476–1484 (1979).
A. S. Acampora, M. J. Karol, and M. G. Hluchyj, Terabit lightwave networks: The multihop approach, AT&T Tech. J. 66(6), 21–34 (1987).
S. Suzuki, M. Nishio, T. Numai, M. Fujiwara, M. Itoh, S. Murata, and N. Shimosaka, A photonic wavelength-division switching system using tunable laser diode filters, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. LT-8, 660–666 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hinton, H.S., Erickson, J.R., Cloonan, T.J., Tooley, F.A.P., McCormick, F.B., Lentine, A.L. (1993). Optically Transparent Systems. In: An Introduction to Photonic Switching Fabrics. Applications of Communications Theory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9171-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9171-6_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9173-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9171-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive