Abstract
High-energy particle accelerators and colliders contain long strings of superconducting devices — acceleration RF cavities and magnets — operating at high field, which may require cooling in helium II below 2 K. In order to maintain adequate operating conditions, the applied or generated heat loads must be extracted and transported with minimum temperature difference. Conventional cooling schemes based on conductive or convective heat transport in pressurized helium II very soon reach their intrinsic limits of thermal impedance over extended lengths. We present the concept of helium II bayonet heat exchanger, which has been developed at CERN for the magnet cooling scheme of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and describe its specific advantages as a slim, quasi-isothermal heat sink. Experimental results obtained on several test set-ups and a prototype magnet string have permitted to validate its performance and sizing rules, for transporting linear heat loads in the W. m”1 range over distances of several tens of meters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ph. Lebrun, Cryogenic systems for accelerators, in: “Frontiers in Accelerator Technology”, S.I. Kurokawa, M. Month and S. Turner, editors, World Scientific, Singapore (1996), pp. 681–700.
Ph. Lebrun, Superfluid helium as a technical coolant, in: “Atti XV Congresso Nazionale sulla Trasmissione del Calore”, Edizioni ETS, Politecnico di Torino (1997), pp. 61–77.
G. Claudet and R. Aymar, Tore Supra and helium II cooling of large high-field magnets, in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering” Vol. 35A (1990), pp. 55–67.
L.R. Evans, The Large Hadron Collider project, in: “Proceedings of ICEC16/ICMC Kitakyushu”, T. Haruyama, T. Mitsui and K. Yamafuji, editors, Elsevier Science, Oxford (1997), pp. 45–52.
G. Bon Mardion, G. Claudet and P. Seyfert, Practical data on steady-state heat transport in superfluid helium at atmospheric pressure, Cryogenics 19 (1979), pp. 45–47.
J.M. Mandhane, G.A. Gregory and K. Aziz, A flow pattern map for gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1 (1974), pp. 537–553.
Y. Taitel and A.E. Dukler, A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow, AIChE Journal 22:1 (1976), pp. 47–55.
J. Casas-Cubillos, A. Cyvoct, Ph. Lebrun, M. Marquet, L. Tavian and R. van Weelderen, Design concept and first experimental validation of the superfluid helium system for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project at CERN, Cryogenics 32 ICEC Supplement (1992), pp. 118–121.
A. Bézaguet, J. Casas-Cubillos, Ph. Lebrun, M. Marquet, L. Tavian and R. van Weelderen, The superfluid helium model cryoloop for the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering” Vol. 39A (1994), pp. 649–656.
B. Flemsaeter, “Contribution to the Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Control of the Superfluid Helium Cooling Loop for the LHC Magnet String”, Thesis, NTU Trondheim, Norway (1995)
A. Gauthier, L. Grimaud, B. Rousset, A. Bézaguet and R. van Weelderen, Thermohydraulic behaviour of He II in stratified co-current two-phase flow, in: “Proceedings of ICEC16/ICMC Kitakyushu”, T. Haruyama, T. Mitsui and K. Yamafuji, editors, Elsevier Science, Oxford (1997), pp. 519–522.
B. Rousset, A. Gauthier, L. Grimaud and R. van Weelderen, Latest developments in He II co-current two-phase flow studies, paper presented at this conference.
M.M. Kado, Thermal conductance measurements on the LHC helium II heat exchanger pipes, CERN Report AT/95–34 (CR) (1995).
K. Kauder, “Strömungs- und Widerstandsverhalten in Gewellten Rohren”, Thesis, Technische Universität Hannover, Germany (1971).
F. Déliot, private communication (1996).
A. Bézaguet, J. Casas-Cubillos, B. Flemsaeter, B. Gaillard-Grenadier, Th. Goiffon, H. Guinaudeau, Ph. Lebrun, M. Marquet, L. Serio, A. Suraci, L. Tavian and R. van Weelderen, The superfluid helium system for the LHC Test String, design, construction and first operation, in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering” Vol. 41A (1996), pp. 777–784.
M. Chorowski, W. Erdt, Ph. Lebrun, G. Riddone, L. Serio, L. Tavian, U. Wagner and R. van Weelderen, A simplified distribution scheme for the Large Hadron Collider, paper presented at this conference.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lebrun, P., Serio, L., Tavian, L., van Weelderen, R. (1998). Cooling Strings of Superconducting Devices Below 2 K: The Helium II Bayonet Heat Exchanger. In: Kittel, P. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 43. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_50
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_50
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9049-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9047-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive