Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (3d ed. rev.) (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) delineates three syndromes within the broad category of Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs). First, Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a syndrome characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and motor activity. The final two categories of DBDs distinguish between two types of childhood conduct problems, with the distinction based primarily on the seriousness of the acts involved. Conduct Disorder (CD) is defined as a persistent pattern of severe conduct problems and antisocial behavior in which the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms are violated. In contrast, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) refers to a pattern of negativistic, hostile, noncompliant, and defiant behavior, without the more serious violations of the basic rights of others found in CD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification of child psychopathology: A review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1275–1301.
Albert-Corush, J., Firestone, P., & Goodman, J. T. (1986). Attention and impulsivity characteristics of the biological and adoptive parents of hyperactive and normal children. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56, 423–423.
Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26–46.
American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3d ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3d ed. rev.). Revised. Washington, DC: Author.
Barkley, R. A. (1989). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Treatment of childhood disorders (pp. 39–78). New York: The Guilford Press.
Barkley, R. A., Karlsson, J., Strzelecki, E., & Murphy, J. (1984). Effects of age and Ritalin dosage on the mother-child interactions of hyperactive children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 750–758.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The mediator-moderator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
Beardslee, W. R., Bemporad, J., Keller, M. B., & Klerman, G. L. (1983). Children of parents with major affective disorder: A review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 825–832.
Befera, M. S., & Barkley, R. A. (1985). Hyperactive and normal girls and boys: Mother-child interaction, parent psychiatric status and child psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 439–452.
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83–96.
Biederman, J., Munir, K., & Knee, D. (1987). Conduct and oppositional disorder in clinically referred children with attention deficit disorder: A controlled family study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 724–727.
Bland, P., & Orn, H. (1986). Family violence and psychiatric disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 523–527.
Bond, C. R., & McMahon, R. J. (1984). Relationships between marital distress and child behavior problems, maternal personal adjustment, maternal personality, and maternal parenting behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 348–351.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: II. SeChapaution. New York: Basic Books.
Cadoret, R. J., Troughton, E., & O’Gorman, T. W. (1987). Genetic and environmental factors in alcohol abuse and antisocial personality. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, 1–8.
Cantwell, D. P. (1972). Psychiatric illness in the families of hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 414–417.
Cernkovich, S. A., & Giordano, P. C. (1987). Family relationships and delinquency. Criminology, 25, 295–319.
Coleman, K. H., Weinman, M. L., & Hsi, B. P. (1980). Factors affecting conjugal violence. The Journal of Psychology, 105, 197–202.
Cunningham, C. E., Benness, B. B., & Siegel, L. S. (1988). Family functioning, time allocation, and parental depression in families of normal and ADDH children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 169–177.
DiLalla, L. F., & Gottesman, I. I. (1991). Biological and genetic contributors to violence— Widom’s untold tale. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 125–129.
Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50–76.
Emery, R. E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310–330.
Emery, R. E., & O’Leary, K. D. (1982). Children’s perceptions of marital discord and behavior problems of boys and girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 11–24.
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Keenan, K., & Tsuang, M. T. (1991). SeChapaution of DSM-III attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: Evidence from a family-genetic study of American child psychiatric patients. Psychological Medicine, 21, 109–121.
Farrington, D. P. (1978). The family backgrounds of aggressive youths. In L. A. Hersov & M. Berger (Eds.), Aggression and antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence (pp. 73–93). London: Pergamon Press.
Forehand, R., & Brody, G. (1985). The association between parental personal/marital adjustment and parent-child interactions in a clinic sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 211–212.
Frick, P. J., & Lahey, B. B. (1991). The nature and characteristics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology Review, 20, 163–173.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Christ, M. G., Loeber, R., & Green, S. (1991). History of childhood behavior problems in biological relatives of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 445–451.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Christ, M. A. G., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., Tannenbaum, L. E., & Hart, E. A. (1990). Concurrent adjustment and history of childhood behavior problems in biological relatives of boys with attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder. Paper presented at the 1990 convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Christ, M. G., & Hanson, K. (1992). Familial risk factors to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Parental psychopathology and maternal parenting. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 49–55.
Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Tannenbaum, L., Van Horn, Y., Christ, M. A. G., Hart, E., & Hanson, K. (1993). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: A meta-analytic review of factor analyses and cross-validation in a clinic sample. Clinical psychology Review, 13, 319–340.
Ghodsian-Carpey, J., & Baker, L. A. (1987). Genetic and environmental influences on aggression in 4- to 7-year-old twins. Aggressive Behavior, 13, 173–186.
Gittelman, R., Mannuzza, S., Shenker, R., & Bonegura, N. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up: I. Psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 937–947.
Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. (1968). Delinquents and Nondelinquents in Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Guidubaldi, J., Perry, J. D., & Cleminshaw, H. K. (1984). The legacy of parental divorce: A nationwide study of family status and selected mediating variables on children’s academic and social competence. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 7). New York: Plenum Press.
Harder, D. W., Kokes, R. F., Fisher, L., & Strauss, J. S. (1980). Child competence and psychiatric risk. IV. Relationships of parent diagnostic classifications and parent psychopathology severity to child functioning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 168, 343–374.
Hetherington, E. M. (1991). Role of individual differences and family relationships in children’s coping with divorce and remarriage. In P. A. Cowan & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family transitions (pp. 165–197). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hetherington, E. M., Cox, M., & Cox, R. (1985). Long-term effects of divorce and remarriage on the adjustment of children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 518–530.
Hetherington, E. M., & Martin, B. (1986). Family interaction. In H. S. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (3rd ed., pp. 332–390). New York: Wiley.
Hinshaw, S. P. (1987). On the distinction between attentional deficits/hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 443–463.
Houts, A. C., Shutty, M. S., & Emery, R. E. (1985). The impact of children on adults. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 267–307). New York: Plenum Press.
Huesmann, L. R., Eron, L. D., Lefkowitz, M. M., & Walder, L. O. (1984). Stability of aggression over time and generations. Developmental Psychology, 20, 1120–1134.
Jarey, M. L., & Stewart, M. A. (1985). Psychiatric disorder in the parents of adopted children with aggressive conduct disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 13, 7–11.
Kazdin, A. E. (1985). Treatment of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press.
Lahey, B. B., Hartdagen, S. E., Frick, P. J., McBurnett, K., Conner, R., & Hynd, G. W. (1988). Conduct disorder: Parsing the confounded relation to parental divorce and antisocial personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 334–337.
Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Christ, M. G., Green, S., Russo, M., Frick, P. J., & Dulcan, M. K. (1990). Comparison of DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnoses for prepubertal children: Changes in prevalence and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 620–626.
Lahey, B. B., Piacentini, J. C., McBurnett, K., Stone, P., Hartdagen, S. E., & Hynd, G. (1988). Psychopathology and antisocial behavior in the parents of children with conduct disorder and hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 163–170.
Lahey, B. B., Russo, M. F., Walker, J. L., & Piacentini, J. C. (1989). Personality characteristics of the mothers of children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 512–515.
Laub, J. H., & Sampson, R. J. (1988). Unraveling families and delinquency: A reanalysis of the Gluecks’ data. Criminology, 26, 355–380.
Lambert, N. M. (1988). Adolescent outcomes for hyperactive children: Perspectives on general and specific patterns of childhood risk for adolescent educational, social and mental health problems. American Psychologist, 43, 786–799.
Loeber, R., Brinthaupt, V. P., & Green, S. M. (1990). Attention deficits, impulsivity, and hyperactivity: Relationships to delinquency and unique contextual factors. In R. J. McMahon & DeV. Peters (Eds.), Behavior disorders of adolescent: Research, intervention, and policy in clinical and school settings (pp. 39–61). New York: Plenum Press.
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1986). Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice (vol. 7; pp. 29–149). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Loney, J., Langhorne, J. E., & Paternite, C.E. (1978). An empirical basis for subgrouping the hyperkinetic/MBD syndrome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 431–441.
Lytton, H. (1990). Child and parent effects in boys’ conduct disorder: A reinterpretation. Developmental Psychology, 26, 683–697.
McCord, J. (1979). Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult men. journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1477–1486.
McCord, J. (1991). The cycle of crime and socialization practices. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminality, 82, 211–228.
Morrison, J. (1980). Adult psychiatric disorders in parents of hyperactive children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 825–827.
Morrison, J. R., & Stewart, M. A. (1971). A family study of the hyperactive child syndrome. Biological Psychiatry, 3, 189–195.
Oltmanns, T. F., Broderick, J. E., & O’Leary, K. D. (1977). Marital adjustment and the efficacy of behavior therapy with children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 724–729.
Orvaschel, H., Walsh-Allis, G., & Ye, W. (1988). Psychopathology in children of parents with recurrent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 17–28.
Osborn, S. G., & West, D. J. (1979). Conviction records of fathers and sons compared. British Journal of Criminology, 19, 120–133.
Paternite, C. E., & Loney, J. (1980). Childhood hyperkinesis: Relationships between symptomatology and home environment. In C.K. Whalen & B. Henker (Eds.), Hyperactive children: The social ecology of identification and treatment (pp. 105–141). New York: Academic Press.
Patterson, G. R. (1986). Performance models for antisocial boys. American Psychologist, 41, 432–444.
Patterson, G. R., & Capaldi, D. M. (1991). Antisocial parents: Unskilled and vulnerable. In P. A. Cowan & M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family Transitions (pp. 195–218). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Prinz, R. J., Myers, deR., Holden, E. W., Tarnowski, K. J., & Roberts, W. A. (1983). Marital disturbance and child problems: A cautionary note regarding hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 393–399.
Quay, H. C. (1986). Classification. In H. C. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (3rd ed., pp. 1–34). New York: Wiley.
Reeves, J. C., Werry, J. S., Elkind, G. S., & Zametkin, A. (1987). Attention deficit, conduct, oppositional, and anxiety disorders in children: Clinical characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 26, 144–155.
Rey, J. M., & Plapp, J. M. (1990). Quality of perceived parenting in oppositional and conduct disordered adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 382–385.
Robins, L. N., West, P. A., & Herjanic, B. L. (1975). Arrests and delinquency in two generations: A study of black urban families and their children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 125–140.
Rutter, M. (1966). Children of sick parents: An environmental and psychiatric study. Maudesley Monograph, No. 16. London: Oxford University Press.
Rutter, M. (1980). Protective factors in children’s response to stress and disadvantage. In M. W. Kent & J. E. Rolf (Eds.), Primary prevention of psychopathology: HI. Promoting social competence and coping in children. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Rutter, M., Graham, P., & Yule, W. (1970). A neuropsychiatric study in childhood. London: Spastics International Medical publications.
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype: environment effects. Child Development, 54, 424–435.
Stewart, M. A., deBlois, C. S., & Cummings, C. (1980). Psychiatric disorder in the parents of hyperactive boys and those with conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21, 283–292.
Taylor, E., Schachar, T., Thorley, G., & Wieselberg, M. (1986). Conduct disorder and hyperactivity: I. SeChapaution of hyperactivity and antisocial conduct in British child psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 131–139.
Voorhis, P. V., Cullen, F. T., Mathers, R. A., & Garner, C. C. (1988). The impact of family structure and quality on delinquency: A comChapautive assessment of structural and functional factors. Criminology, 26, 235–248.
Weintraub, S. (1987). Risk factors in schizophrenia: The Stony Brook High Risk Project. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 439–449.
Wells, L. E., & Rankin, J. H. (1988). Direct parental controls and delinquency. Criminology, 26, 263–284.
Widom, C. S. (1977). A methodology for studying non-institutionalized psychopaths. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 674–683.
Wilson, H.(1975). Juvenile delinquency, parental criminality, and social handicap. British Journal of Criminology, 15, 241–250.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frick, P.J. (1994). Family Dysfunction and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders. In: Ollendick, T.H., Prinz, R.J. (eds) Advances in Clinical Child Psychology. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9041-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9041-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9043-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9041-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive