Walls—Construction Details

Abstract

There are times in the course of the architectural development of a project, or during the construction of the project itself, when it is necessary to provide for abrupt changes in the contours of the existing grade. These changes may be of a temporary nature or they may be permanent. Examples of where such changes are required is as follows:

• 1. In the construction of highways, particularly at ramps, bridges and crossovers

• 2. Where temporary working space is required in which to construct the underground areas of a building or other structure

• 3. At the exterior walls of basements of buildings and at interior areas such as elevator pits, pipe tunnels, and other mechanical spaces

• 4. As part of the architectural treatment of the overall development of the site

• 5. Where bulkheads are required for the control of water and land erosion in coastal areas