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Gap Junctions, Fast Oscillations and the Initiation of Seizures

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Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 548))

Abstract

In this chapter, we shall review evidence that gap junctions can contribute to epileptogenesis in the hippocampus and cortex—but not just any gap junctions. Rather, we shall argue for a role for a newly described sort of gap junction, located between the proximal axons of principal neurons. Such axon-axon gap junctions promote epileptogenesis not so much by enhancing synchrony, as by providing pathways for the direct spread of action potentials between neurons. A by-product of such spread is the ability of axonally-coupled neurons to generate oscillations at very high frequencies (>~70 Hz). It is of note that seizure activity, both in vivo and in vitro, has been observed to begin with very high-frequency oscillations. If such oscillations can be shown to initiate the seizure discharge, and not just be an epiphenomenon, then targeting gap junction conductances may prove useful as an anticonvulsant strategy.

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Authors
  1. Roger D. Traub
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  2. Hillary Michelson-Law
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  3. Andrea E. J. Bibbig
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  4. Eberhard H. Buhl
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  5. Miles A. Whittington
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Moffitt Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Devin K. Binder

  2. Center for Neural Recovery and Rehabilitation Research, New York State Department of Health, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York, USA

    Helen E. Scharfman

  3. Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Helen E. Scharfman

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Traub, R.D., Michelson-Law, H., Bibbig, A.E.J., Buhl, E.H., Whittington, M.A. (2004). Gap Junctions, Fast Oscillations and the Initiation of Seizures. In: Binder, D.K., Scharfman, H.E. (eds) Recent Advances in Epilepsy Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 548. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6376-8_9

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