Water and effluent treatment in juice processing

Abstract

Water is colourless, odourless, tasteless and is essential for the continued existence of the human race. The water that is available in the world is continually recycled by means of the hydrological cycle. During this process water from the sea, rivers and lakes is evaporated by the sun and forms clouds in the atmosphere. The changing atmospheric conditions then cause the water to descend to the earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow. Initially, the water released from the clouds is very pure, but as it falls it picks up impurities such as carbon dioxide, dust, smoke, nitrogen, oxygen and other atmospheric gases. When it reaches the earth, the water collects small amounts of soil particles, inorganic and organic matter, bacteria, algae and other foreign materials, dependent on the environment in which it falls. Ordinary water, therefore, contains various impurities in variable amounts. These impurities will, to a greater or lesser degree, adversely affect the flavour of the water.