Skip to main content

Prehistoric Exchange in the Lower Mississippi Valley

  • Chapter
Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology ((IDCA))

Abstract

The Lower Mississippi River Valley was a pivotal geographic feature in the prehistoric exchange systems of central North America because it was the longest north—south corridor for river-borne trade in the continent. The river and intertwined swamps were a significant barrier to east—west overland movement. Paradoxically, this caused many of the major prehistoric trade centers to be on the fringes of the Lower Mississippi River valley.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adair, James, 1976, Adair’s History of the American Indians (Samuel Cole Williams, LL.D., ed.), Promontory Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baerreis, David A., 1958, Aztalan Revisited, The Wisconsin Archaeologist (39) 1: 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, Samuel A., 1933, Ancient Aztalan, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee Vol. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belmont, John S., 1983, Toltec and Coles Creek: A View from the Southern Lower Mississippi Valley, in: Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture: Preliminary Investigations of the Toltec Mounds Research Project, Toltec Papers II (Martha Ann Rolingson, ed.), Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 18 ( W. Fredrick Limp, Series ed. ), pp. 64–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brian, Jeffrey P., 1991, Cahokia from the Southern Periphery. In New Perspectives on Cahohia, Views from the Periphery (James B. Stoltman, ed.), Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2, Prehistory Press, Madison, pp. 93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brecher, Kenneth, and William C. Haag, 1981, The Poverty Point Octagon: World’s Largest Prehistoric Solstice Marker? Archaeoastronomy 4 (1): 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brecher, Kenneth, and William C. Haag, 1983, Astronomical Alignments at Poverty Point, American Antiquity 48: 161–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brobst, Donald A., and R. Joseph Wagner, 1967, Barite, in: Mineral and Water Resources of Missouri, Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources (second series) 43: 99–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brose, David S., 1985, The Woodland Period, in: Ancient Art of the American Woodland Indians ( D. Brose, J. Brown, and D. Penney, eds.), Harry N. Abrams, New York, pp. 3–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., 1964, Caddoan Archaeology—Spiro focus Research—Progress Report, Oklahoma Anthropological Society Newsletter 12 (4): 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., 1976. Spiro Studies, Volume 4: The Artifacts, University of Oklahoma Research Institute, Norman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., 1979, Charnel Houses and Mortuary Crypts: Disposal of the Dead in the Middle Woodland Period, in: Hopewell Archaeology: The Chillicothe Conference (D. Brose and N. Greber, eds.), The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, pp. 211–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., 1983, Spiro Exchange Connections Revealed by Sources of Imported Raw Materials, in: Southeastern Natives And Their Pasts: A Collection of Papers Honoring Dr. Robert E. Bell (Don G. Wyckoff and Jack L. Hoffman, eds.), Oklahoma Archaeological Survey Studies in Oklahoma’s Past, No. 11 and Cross Timbers Heritage Association Contribution No. 2, Norman, pp. 129–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., 1985, The Mississippian Period, in Ancient Art of the American Woodland Indians ( David B. Brose, James A. Brown, and David W. Penney, eds.), Harry N. Abrams, New York, pp. 93–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James A., and J. Daniel Rogers, 1989, Linking Spiro’s Artistic Styles: The Copper Connection, Southeastern Archaeology 8 (1): 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, James, Richard Kerber, and Howard Winters, 1990, Emergent Mississippian, in: The Mississippian ( Bruce Smith, ed.), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brumfiel, Elizabeth M., 1987, Elite and Utilitarian Crafts in the Aztec State, in: Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies ( Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and Timothy K. Earle, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 102–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnett, Barbara, and Katherine Murray, 1991, Don’t Blame de Soto, Colloquium presented, Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, November 20, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cable, Harold, Charles Hudson, and William Merrill, 1971, The Black Drink of the Southeastern Indians, Paper presented at the 1971 meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory in Athens, Georgia. Caldwell, Warren W., 1964, Fortified Villages in the Northern Plains, Plains Anthropologist 9: 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnerio, Robert, 1973, Scale Analysis Evolutionary Sequences, and the Rating of Cultures, in: A Hand-book of Method in Cultural Anthropology (Raoul Naroll and Ronald Cohen, eds.), Columbia University Press, New York and London, pp. 834–871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, Carl H., 1975, The Archeology of Missouri, I, University of Missouri Press, Columbia. Chapman, Carl H., 1980, Archaeology of Missouri, II, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, Charles R., 1989, An Appraisal of the Role of Mill Creek Chert Hoes in Mississippian Exchange Systems. Southeastern Archaeology 8 (2): 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, Georgia G., 1981, The Murphy Hill Site (1 Ms 300): The Structural Study of a Copena Mound and Comparative Review of the Copena Mortuary Complex, Research Series No. 3, Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama, Tennessee Valley Authority Publications in Anthropology No. 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottrell, Fred, 1955, Energy and Society: The Relation between Energy, Social Change, and Economic Development, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushing, Frank H., 1896, Exploration of the Ancient Key Dweller’s Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 35 (153): 329–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver, Harold E., and William C. Massey, 1957, Comparative Studies of North American Indians, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 47, Part 2, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dye, David, and Scott Schaffer, 1992, Changing Patterns of Chickasaw Warfare, Paper presented at the 13th Mid-South Archaeological Conference, Moundville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earle, Timothy (ed.), 1991, Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ensor, H. Blaine, 1991, The Lubbub Creek Microlith Industry, Southeastern Archaeology 10(1):18–39. Faulkner, 1967, Charles H., The Excavation and Interpretation of the Old Stone Fort, Coffee County, Tennessee,The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, James A., 1951, Greenhouse: A Troyville-Coles Creek Period Site in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers Vol. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, James A., 1963, Hopewell Culture Burial Mounds Near Helena, Arkansas, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 50, Part 1, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, James A., and Clarence H. Webb, 1956, Poverty Point, a Late Archaic Site in Louisiana. American Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers, Vol. 46, pt. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, James A., and Gordon R. Willey, 1940, Crooks Site, a Marksville Period Burial Mound in La Salle Parish, Louisiana, Department of Conservation, Louisiana Geological Survey, Anthropological Study 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, James A., P. Phillips, and W. A. Haag, 1955, The Jaketown Site in West-Central Mississippi, American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 45, Part 1, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortier, Andrew C., Thomas O. Maher, Joyce A. Williams, Michael C. Meinkoth, Kathryn E. Parker, and Lucretia S. Kelly, 1989, The Holding Site: A Hopewell Community in the American Bottom, American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowke, Gerard, 1928, Archaeological Investigations, II, Explorations in the Red River Valley in Louisiana, Forty-fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 399–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, Melvin L. (ed.), 1969, Explorations into Cahokia Archaeology, Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin No. 7. University of Illinois, Urbana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, Melvin L., 1991, Mound 72 and Early Mississippian at Cahokia, in: New Perspectives on Cahokia, Views from the Periphery (James B. Stoltman, ed.), Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2. Prehistory Press, Madison, pp. 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz, Gayle J., 1986, Mounds in Northwest Arkansas: A More Positive Approach to the Late Prehistory in the Ozarks, in: Contributions To Ozark Prehistory ( George Sabo III, ed. ), Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, Jon L., 1973, Social Systems at Poverty Point, an Analysis of Intersite and Intrasite Variability, Ph.D. dissertation, Southern Methodist University, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, Jon L., 1974, Poverty Point, the First North American Chiefdom, Archaeology 27: 96–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goad, Sharon I., 1978, Exchange Networks in the Prehistoric Southeastern United States, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, Lynne, 1991, The Implications of Aztalan’s Location, in: New Perspectives on Cahohia, Views from the Periphery (James B. Stoltman, ed.), Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2. Prehistory Press, Madison, pp. 209–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, Claire Garber, 1984, Copper Artifacts in Late Eastern Woodlands Prehistory (Anne-Marie Cartwell, ed.), Center for American Archaeology, at Northwestern University, Evanston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, James B., 1966, Mesoamerica and the Eastern United States in Prehistoric Times, in: Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 4 ( Robert Wauchope, ed.), University of Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, James B., A. A. Gordus, and G. A. Wright, 1969, Identification of the Sources of Hopewellian Obsidian, American Antiquity 34: 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, Robert L., 1977, An Anthropocentric Perspective for Eastern United States Prehistory, American Antiquity 42 (4): 499–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, Henry W., Jean Tyree Hamilton, and Eleanor F. Chapman, 1974, Spiro Mound Copper, Missouri Archaeological Society, Memoir 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, T. M., 1982, Native American Bows, Missouri Archaeological Society, Special Publications, Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, Michael P., 1983, Changing Mortuary Patterns in the Little River Region, Arkansas, in: Southeastern Natives and Their Pasts: A Collection of Papers Honoring Dr. Robert E. Bell (Don G. Wyckoff and Jack L. Hofman, eds.), Oklahoma Archaeological Survey Studies in Oklahoma’s Past, No. 11, and Cross Timbers Heritage Association Contribution No. 2, Norman, pp. 163–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, Teresa L., 1982, Lithic Technology at Toltec: Preliminary results from Mound D, in: Emerging Patterns of Blum Bayou Culture (Martha A. Rolingson, ed.), Hoffman, Teresa L. 18, Fayetteville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, William H., 1893, Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans, Bureau of American Ethnology, Second Annual Report, pp. 185–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, Charles, Marvin Smith, and Chester DePratter, 1984, The Hernando De Soto Expedition: From Apalachee to Chiaha, Southeastern Archaeology 3: 65–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, Marvin, F. B. King, and C. K. Robinson, 1980, Cucurbits from Phillips Spring: New Evidence and Interpretations, American Antiquity, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 806–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, Marvin, Francis B. King, and Christine K. Robinson, 1980, Cucurbits from Phillips Springs: New Evidence and Interpretations, American Antiquity, Vol. 45, pp. 800–822.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, Marvin, George Sabo III, and Ralph Merletti, 1989, Late Prehistoric Settlement Patterning: A View from Three Caddoan Civic-Ceremonial Centers in Northwest Arkansas, in: Contributions to Spiro Archeology: Mound Excavations and Regional Perspectives (J. Daniel Rogers, Don G. Wyckoff, and Dennis A. Peterson, eds.), Kay, Marvin, George Sabo III, and Ralph Merletti 16, Norman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikker, Tristram R., 1992, Coles Creek Period Social Organization and Evolution in Northeast Louisiana, in: Lords of the Southeast: Social Inequality and the Native Elites of Southeastern North America (Alex W. Barker and Timothy R. Pauketat, eds.), Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Number 3, pp. 145–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, Robert H., Ill, 1973, An Analysis of Prehistoric Southeastern Fortifications, Masters thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, Robert H., III, 1977, The Evolution of the Mississippian Settlement Pattern and Exploitative Technology in the Black Bottom of Southern Illinois, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, Robert H., Ill, 1985, A Review of Ethnohistoric and Archeological Evidence of Riverine Canoe Facilities of the Eastern United States, Paper presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Society for American Archeology, New Orleans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, Robert H., III, and Robert F. Cande, 1989, Cultural Resources Investigations, Peacekeeper Rail Garrison Program, Baker Air Force Base, Mississippi Co., Arkansas, Prepared for U.S. Air Force.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, Robert H., III (ed.), n.d., Cairo Lowland Archeology: The Second Step,Mid-Continental Research Associates Report 91–2, Draft report submitted to Memphis District Corps of Engineers, Contract No. DACW-66–89-D-0053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman, Geoffrey R., 1981, The Slate Site, A Poverty Point Lapidary Industry in the Southern Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, Paper presented at the 38th Annual Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manifort, Robert C., Jr., 1986, Pinson Mounds: A Middle Woodland Ceremonial Site,Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Archaeology, Research Series No. 7. Nashville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, Michael, 1986, The Source of Social Power, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Millon, René, 1967, Teotihuac’an, in: New World Archaeology: Theoretical and Cultural Transformations, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, pp. 115–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, Dan F., 1972, A Potfull of Beads, The Arkansas Archeologist 13 (3, 4): 67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, Dan F., 1980, The Big Lake Household in the Community, in: Zebree Archeological Project, Arkansas Archeological Survey, Fayetteville. Submitted to U.S. Corps of Engineers, Memphis District.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, Dan F., and Phyllis A. Morse, 1983, Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, Jon D., 1978, The Kincaid System: Mississippian Settlement in the Environs of a Large Site, in: Mississippian Settlement Patterns (Bruce D. Smith, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 269–292. Muller, Jon D., 1987, Salt, Chert, and Shell, Mississippian Exchange Economy, in: Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies ( E. M. Brumfiel and T. K. Earle, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, John D., 1992, Mississippian Political Economy, Paper presented at the Arkansas Archeological Department Colloquium, April 3, 1992, Fayetteville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myer, William E., 1928, Indian Trails of the Southeast, in: Forty-second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peebles, Christopher S., 1971, Moundville and Surrounding Sites: Some Structural Considerations of Mortuary Practices II, in: Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices ( James A. Brown, ed.), Memoirs of the Society of American Archaeology, Number 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peebles, Christopher S., and Susan M. Kus, 1977, Some Archaeological Correlates of Ranked Societies, American Antiquity 42: 421–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peregrine, Peter, 1991, A Graph-Theoretic Approach to the Evolution of Cahokia, American Antiquity 56: 66–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peregrine, Peter, 1992, Mississippian Evolution: A World-System Perspective, Monographs in World Archaeology No. 9, Prehistory Press, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perino, Gregory H., 1968, The Pete Klunk Mound Group, Calhoun County, Illinois: The Archaic and Hopewell Occupations (with an Appendix on the Gibson Mound Group), in: Hopewell and Woodland Site Archaeology in Illinois, Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin 6. Urbana, pp. 9–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, George A., 1972, A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, Phillip, 1940, “Middle American Influences on the Archaeology of the Southeastern United States,” in: The Maya and their Neighbors, Appleton-Century, New York, pp. 349–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, Phillip, 1970, Archaeological Survey in the Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949–1955, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, papers. Vol. 60. Harvard University, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, Phillip, and James A. Brown, 1978, Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma, Harvard University, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, W. A., 1900, Aboriginal Quarries and Shops at Mill Creek, Illinois, American Anthropologist (n.s.) 2: 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polhemus, Richard, 1979, Archaeological Investigation of the Tellico Blockhouse Site,The University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology Report of Investigations Number 26, TVA Reports in Anthropology Number 16, Tennessee Valley Authority.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polyani, Karl, 1968, Semantics of Money Uses, in: Primitive, Archaic and Modern Economics: Essays by Karl Polyani ( G. Dalton, ed.), Doubleday, Garden City, pp. 175–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, Prudence M., 1987, Economic Change in the Lowland Maya Late Classic Period, in: Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies ( Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and Timothy K. Earle, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J. D., 1983, Social Ranking and Change in the Harlan and Spiro Phases of Eastern Oklahoma, in Southeastern Natives and Their Pasts (Don G. Wyckoff and J. L. Hofman, eds.), Oklahoma Archaeological Survey Studies in Oklahoma’s Past, No. 11, pp. 17–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolingson, Martha Ann, 1983, Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture,Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Jerome C., Murray K. Marks, and Larry Tieszen, 1986, Bioarchaeology of the Little Cypress Bayou Site, in: Archaeological Investigations of the Little Cypress Bayou Sitte (3CT50), Crittendon County, Arkansas, New World Research, Inc., Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlins, Marshall A., 1962, Moala, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlins, Marshall A., 1972, Stone Age Economics, Aldine, Atherton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlins, Marshall D., and Ellman R. Service, 1960, Evolution and Culture, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, William T., and Barbara J. Price, 1968, Mesoamerica, the Evolution of a Civilization, Random House, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santeford, Lawrence G., and J. H. House, 1983, An Archaeological Survey of the Helena-West Helena Industrial Park Improvements,Phillips County, Arkansas, Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saucier, Roger T., 1974, Quaternary Geology of the Lower Mississippi River Valley,Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 6, Fayetteville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schambach, Frank F., 1993a, Some New Interpretations of Spiroan Culture History, in Archeology of Eastern North America Papers in Honor of Stephen Williams, James B. Stoltman, ed., Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Archeological Report No. 25, Jackson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schambach, Frank F., 1993b, Spiroan Entrepots at and beyond the Western Border of the Trans-Mississippi South, Caddoan Archeology Newsletter, Vol. IV, No. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setzler, Frank M., 1933a, Hopewell Type Pottery from Louisiana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 23: 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setzler, Frank M., 1933b, Pottery of the Hopewell Type from Louisiana,Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Article 22, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setzler Frank M., 1934, A Phase of the Hopewell Mound Builders in Louisiana, Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1933, Publication No 3235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherrod, P. Clay, and Martha Ann Rolingson, 1986, Surveyors of the Ancient Mississippi Valley, Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shetrone, Henry C., 1930, The Mound Builders,New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Marvin T., 1989, Aboriginal Population Movements in the Early Historic Period Interior Southeast, in: Powhatan’s Mantle, Indians in the Colonial Southeast ( Peter H. Wood, Gregory A. Waselkov, and M. Thomas Hatley, eds.), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, pp. 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielbauer, Ronald H., 1976, Chart Resources and Aboriginal Chert Utilization in Western Union County, Illinois. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire, Ephraim G., and Edwin H. Davis, 1848, Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. II, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steponaitis, Vincas, 1991, Contrasting patterns of Mississippian Development, in: Chiefdoms, power, economy, and ideology ( Timothy Earle, ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 193–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steponaitis, Vincas P., 1991b, Production, Exchange, and Political Development in Two Mississippian Chiefdoms, Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streuver, Stuart, 1964, The Hopewell Interaction Sphere in Riverine-Western Great Lakes Culture History, in: Hopewellian Studies (Joseph R. Caldwell and Robert L. Hall, eds.), Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 12 (3): 85–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanton, John R., 1922, Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 73, Government Printing Office, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, Helen Hornbeck, 1989, The Land and Water Communication Systems of the Southeastern Indians, in: Powhatan’s Mantle, Indians in the Colonial Southeast (Peter H. Wood, Gregory A. Waselkov, and M. Thomas Hatley, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, pp. 6–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, Cyrus, 1894, Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology, Bureau of American Ethnology 12th Annual Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth, Edwin Alan, 1974, Archaeology and Ceramics at the Marhsville Site,University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Anthropological Papers, No. 56, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth, Edwin Alan, 1988, Early Marhsville Phases in the Lower Mississippi Valley: A Study of Culture Contact Dynamics, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Archaeological Report No. 21, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vescelius, Gary S., 1957, Mound 2 at Marksville, American Antiquity 22: 416–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Winslow M., 1936, The Troyville Mounds, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana,Smithsonian Institution Bureau of Ethnology Bulletin 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walthall, John A., 1981, Galena and Aboriginal Trade in Eastern North America, Illinois State Museum, Scientific Papers 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walthall, John A., Stephen H. Stow, and Marvin J. Karson, 1980, Copena Galena: Source Identification and Analysis, American Antiquity 45: 21–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waring, Antonio J., and Preston Holder, 1945, A Prehistoric Ceremonial Complex in the Southeastern United States, American Anthropologist, 47 (1): 1–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waselkov, Gregory A., 1989, Indian Maps of the Colonial Southeast, in; Powhatan’s Mantle, Indians in the Colonial Southeast (Peter H. Wood, Gregory A. Waselkov, and M. Thomas Hatley, eds.), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, pp. 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, Virginia D., 1950, The Wulfing Plates, Products of Prehistoric Americans, Washington University Press, St. Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, Clarence H., 1968, The Extent and Content of Poverty Point Culture, American Antiquity 33: 297–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, William S., 1974, Indian Knoll, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, Richard A., and Philip G. Rivet, 1978, Beau Mire: A Late Tchula Period Site of the Tchefuncte Culture, Ascension Parish, Louisiana, Louisiana Archaeological Survey and Antiquities Commission Anthropological Report No 1, Baton Rouge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. Raymond, 1974, The Baytown phases in the Cairo Lowland of southeast Missouri, Missouri Archaeologist 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winters, Howard D., 1968, Value Systems and Trade Cycles in the Late Archaic in the Midwest, in: New Perspectives in Archaeology ( Lewis R. Binford and Sally R. Binford, eds.), Chicago University Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winters, Howard D., 1981, Excavating in Museums: Notes on Mississippi Hoes and Middle Woodland Copper Gouges and Celts, in: The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections (Anne–Marie E. Cartwell, James B. Griffin, and Nan A. Rothchild, eds.), Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 376–17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, Peter H., 1989, The Changing Population of the Colonial South: An Overview by Race and Region, 1685–1790, in: Powhatan’s Mantle, Indians in the Colonial Southeast ( Peter H. Wood, Gregory A. Waselkov, and M. Thomas Hatley, eds.), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, pp. 35–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yerkes, Richard W., 1989, Mississippian Craft Specialization on the American Bottom, Southeastern Archaeology 8 (2): 93–106.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lafferty, R.H. (1994). Prehistoric Exchange in the Lower Mississippi Valley. In: Baugh, T.G., Ericson, J.E. (eds) Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6231-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6231-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3240-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6231-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics