Skip to main content

Pitch Processing Strategies in Birds: A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Studies

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 228))

Abstract

Over 50 studies have investigated how birds recognise conspecific song using playback (reviewed by Becker 1982; Weisman and Ratcliffe 1987). Typically, these experiments have compared the responses of territorial males (of mostly north temperate species) to broadcast of natural and altered species’ songs. Song playback simulates the intrusion of a rival male and usually elicits aggressive behaviour from the subject. If the alteration of a particular song feature reduces this aggression, compared to the natural song, one may infer the feature is important in song recognition. That is, either the song lacks species-specificity, or is recognised but not considered very threatening (Weary in press).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Becker, P.H. 1982. The coding of species-specific characteristics in bird sounds. In: Acoustic Communication in Birds. (Ed. by D.E. Kroodsma, E.H. Miller & H. Ouellet ), pp. 213–252. Academic Press; New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, E.M. and Ward, W.D. 1982. Intervals, scales, and tuning. In: The Psychology of Music. (Ed. by D. Deutsch ), pp. 241–265. Academic Press; New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabelsteen, T. and Pedersen, S.B. 1985. Correspondence between messages in the full song of the blackbird Turdus merula and meanings to territorial males, as inferred from responses to computerized modifications of natural song. Z. Tierpsychol., 69, 149–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabelsteen, T. and Pedersen, S.B. 1990. Song and information about aggressive responses of blackbirds, Turdus merula: evidence from interactive playback experiments with territory owners. Anim. Behay., 40, 1158–1168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Date, E.M., Lemon, R.E., Weary, D.M. and Richter, A.K. 1991. Species identity by birdsong: discrete or additive information? Anim. Behay., 41, 111–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, D. 1982. The processing of pitch combinations. In: The Psychology of Music. (Ed. by D. Deutsch ), pp. 271–312. Academic Press; New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooling, R.J. 1980. Behavior and psychophysics of hearing in birds. In: Comparative Studies of Hearing in Vertebrates. (Ed. by A.N. Popper and R.R. Fay ), pp. 261–288. Springer-Verlag; Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ficken, M.S., Ficken, R.W. and Witkin, S.R. 1978. The vocal repertoire of the black-capped chickadee. Auk, 95, 34–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glase, I.C. 1973. Ecology of social organization in the Black-capped Chickadee. Living Bird, 12, 235–267. Hill, B.G. and Lein, M.R. 1987. Function of frequency-shifted songs of Black-capped Chickadees. Condor, 89, 914–915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, B.G. and Lein, M.R. 1989. Natural and simulated encounters between sympatric Black-capped Chickadees and Mountain Chickadees. Auk, 106, 645–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, A.G., Leonard, M.L., Ratcliffe, L.M., Shackleton, S. A. and Weisman, R.G. submitted. Frequency variation in the songs of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulse, S.H. and Cynx, J. 1985. Relative pitch perception is constrained by absolute pitch in songbirds (Mimus, Molothrus, and Sturnus). J. Comp. Psychol., 99, 176–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulse, S.H. and Cynx, J. 1986. Interval and contour in serial pitch perception by a songbird Sturnus vulgaris. J. Comp. Psychol., 100, 215–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurly, T.A., Ratcliffe, L., Weary, D. and Weisman, R. submitted. White-throated sparrows can perceive pitch change using the frequency ratio independent of the frequency difference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurly, T.A., Ratcliffe, L. and Weisman, R. 1990. Relative pitch recognition in white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis. Anim. Behay., 40, 176–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurly, T.A., Weisman, R.G., Ratcliffe, L. and Johnsrude, I.S. 1991. Absolute and relative pitch production in the song of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). Bioacoustics, 3, 81–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lohr, B., Nowicki, S. and Weisman, R. 1991. Pitch production in Carolina chickadee songs. Condor, 93, 197–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, M. 1989. Absolute pitch identification: effects of timbre and pitch region. Music Perception, 7, 1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D.A. 1988. Feature weighting in species song recognition by the field sparrow, Spizella pusilla. Behaviour, 106, 158–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D.A. 1989. The importance of invariant and distinctive features in species recognition of bird song. Condor, 91, 120–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, S. and Marier, P. 1988. How do birds sing? Music Perception, 5, 391–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E.P. 1941. Annual cycle of the Black-capped Chickadee. Auk, 58, 314–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.C., Hulse, S.H. and Cynx, J. 1989. Relative pitch perception in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris); further evidence for an elusive phenomenon. J. Exp. Psych.: Anim. Behay. Proc., 15, 137–146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, L.M. 1990. Neighbour/stranger discrimination of whistled songs in black-capped chickadees. Proc. XX Int. Orn. Congress, (Abstract #423).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, L.M. and Boag, P.T. 1987. Effects of colour bands on male competition and sexual attractiveness in zebra finches (Poephila guttata). Can. J. Zool., 65, 333–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, L.M. and Weisman, R.G. 1985. Frequency shift in the song of the Black-capped Chickadee. Condor, 87, 555–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, L.M. and Weisman, R.G. 1986. Song sequence discrimination in the Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus). J. Comp. Psychol., 100, 361–367.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W.A. 1990. Species recognition of song by female red-winged blackbirds. Anim. Behay., 40, 1119–1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shackleton, S.A., Ratcliffe, L. and Weary, D.M. submitted. Relative frequency parameters and song recognition in black-capped chickadees.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W.D. and Burns, E.M. 1982. Absolute pitch. In: The Psychology of Music. (Ed. by D. Deutsch ), pp. 431–449. Academic Press; New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D.M. 1990. Categorization of song notes by great tits, which acoustic features are used and why? Anim. Behay., 39, 450–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D.M. in press. How birds use relative and absolute pitch to recognize their songs. In: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior: W 1.14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D.M., Lemon, R.E. and Date, E.M. 1986. Acoustic features used in song discrimination by the Veery. Ethology, 72, 199–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D.M. and Weisman, R.G. 1991. Operant discrimination of frequency and frequency ratio in the black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus). J. Comp. Psychol., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weary, D.M., Weisman, R.G., Lemon, R.E., Chin, T. and Mongrain, J. 1991. Use of the relative frequency of notes by veeries in song recognition and production. Auk, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, R.G. and Ratcliffe, L.M. 1987. How birds identify species information in song: a pattern recognition approach. Learning and Motivation 18, 80–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, R.G. and Ratcliffe, L.M. 1989. Absolute and relative pitch processing in black-capped chickadees, Parus atricapillus. Anim. Behay., 38, 685–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, R.G. and Ratcliffe, L.M. 1991. The perception of pitch constancy in bird songs. In: Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. (Ed. by W.K. Honig & J.G. Fetterman), pp. 243–261. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.; Hillsdale, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, R.G., Ratcliffe, L.M., Johnsrude, I.S. and Hurly, T.A. 1990. Absolute and relative pitch production in the song of the Black-capped Chickadee. Condor, 92, 118–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ratcliffe, L., Weisman, R. (1992). Pitch Processing Strategies in Birds: A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Studies. In: McGregor, P.K. (eds) Playback and Studies of Animal Communication. NATO ASI Series, vol 228. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6203-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6203-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3224-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6203-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics