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Bragg Gratings in Optical Fibers: Fundamentals and Applications

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Optical Fiber Sensor Technology

Abstract

The development of fiber optics has revolutionized the field of telecommunications making possible high-quality, high-capacity, long distance telephone links Over the past three decades, the advancements in optical fiber has undoubtedly improved and reshaped fiber optic technology. Today optical fibers are synonymous with the word “telecommunication”. In addition to applications in telecommunications, optical fibers are also utilized in the rapidly growing field of fiber sensors. Despite the improvements in optical fiber manufacturing and advancements in the field in general, basic optical components such as mirrors, wavelength filters, and partial reflectors have been a challenge to integrate with fiber optics. Recently, however, all these have changed with the ability to alter the core index of refraction in a single mode optical fiber by optical absorption of UV light. This photosensitivity of optical fibers allows the fabrication of phase structures in the core of fibers called the fiber Bragg grating (figure 2.1). Photosensitivity refers to a permanent change in the index of refraction of the fiber core when exposed to light with characteristic wavelength and intensity that depend on the core material. The fiber Bragg grating can perform many primary functions, such as reflection and filtering, in a highly efficient, low loss manner. This versatility has stimulated a number of significant innovations [1–3].

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Othonos, A. (2000). Bragg Gratings in Optical Fibers: Fundamentals and Applications. In: Grattan, K.T.V., Meggitt, B.T. (eds) Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6079-8_2

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