Abstract
First quantization in physics refers to the property of particles that certain operators do not commute:
Later it was realized that forces between particles were caused by other particles: photons caused electromagnetic forces, pions caused some nuclear forces, etc. These particles are also quantized, which leads to second quantization. The basic idea is that forces are caused by the exchange of particles, and the number of particles is quantized: one, two, three, etc. The quantization imparts a quantum nature to the classical force fields.
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Mahan, G.D. (2000). Introductory Material. In: Many-Particle Physics. Physics of Solids and Liquids. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5714-9_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5714-9_1
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