Abstract
Contemporary interest in the study of criminal careers and career criminals can be traced back to the work of Chicago sociologist Clifford Shaw (1930) and his associates (Sutherland, 1937) continuing along with seminal works by the Gluecks (Glueck and Glueck, 1940), Lemert (1951), Becker (1963), and Goffman (1963) (e.g., Bursik, 1989). Perhaps the most seminal treatment of the concept of criminal careers and career criminals was established by Wolfgang and his colleagues (1972) in their book, Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, a study that traced the delinquent careers of 9,945 males who were born in 1945 and who lived in Philadelphia throughout the course of their juvenile years.
Note: Tables 4–6 appear after the references at the end of the chapter
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baskin, D.R., and I.B. Sommers. (1998). Casualties of Community Disorder: Women’s Careers in Violent Crime. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press
Blumstein, A. and J. Cohen. (1979). “Estimation of Individual Crime Rates from Arrest Records.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 70: 561–585
Blumstein, A., J. Cohen, J. Roth, and C. Visher. (1986). Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
Blumstein, A., J. Cohen, S. Das, and S.D. Moitra. (1988). “Specialization and Seriousness during Adult Criminal Careers. ” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 4: 303–345
Britt, C.L. (1996). “The Measurement of Specialization and Escalation in the Criminal Career: An Alternative Modeling Strategy. ” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 12: 193–222
Broman, S.H., P.I. Nichols, and W.A. Kennedy. (1975). Preschool IQ: Prenatal and Early Developmental Correlates. New York: Halstead Press
Bursik, Jr., R.J. (1989). “Erickson Could Never have Imagined: Recent Extensions of Birth Cohort Studies.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 5: 389–396
Bushway, S., A. Piquero, P. Mazerolle, L. Broidy, and E. Cauffman. (2001). “An Empirical Framework for Studying Desistance as a Process.” Criminology, forthcoming
Canela-Cacho, J.A., A. Blumstein, and J. Cohen. (1997). “Relationship between the Offending Frequency of Imprisoned and Free Offenders.” Criminology 35: 133–175
Capaldi, D.N. and G.R. Patterson. (1996). “Can Violent Offenders be Distinguished from Frequent Offenders: Prediction from Childhood to Adolescence”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 33: 206–231
Chaiken, J.M. and M. Chaiken. (1982). Varieties of Criminal Behavior. Santa Monica, CA: Rand
Cohn, E.G. and D.P. Farrington. (1996). “Crime and Justice and the Criminal Justice and Criminology Literature.” In M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Volume 20. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Dean, C.W., R. Brame, and A.R. Piquero. (1996). “Criminal Propensities, Discrete Groups of Offenders, and Persistence in Crime.” Criminology 34: 547–574
Denno, D. (1990). Biology and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Elliott, D.S. (1994). 1993 “Presidential Address: Serious Violent Offenders: Onset, Developmental Course, and Termination.” Criminology 32: 1–21
Erickson, M.L. (1973). “Delinquency in a Birth Cohort: A New Direction in Criminological Research”. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 64: 362–367
Farrington, D.P. (1991). “Childhood Aggression and Adult Violence: Early Precursors and Later Life Outcomes.” In D.J. Pepler and K.H. Rubin (eds.), The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Farrington, D.P. (1998). “Predictors, Causes, and Correlates of Male Youth Violence.” In M. Tonry and M.H. Moore (eds.), Youth Violence: Crime and Justice, An Annual Review of Research. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
Farrington, D.P. and D.J. West. (1995). “Effects of Marriage, Separation, and Children on Offending by Adult Males.” In Z.B. Smith and J. Hagan (eds.), Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle. Volume 4: Delinquency and Disrepute in the Life Course. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
Farrington, D.P., R. Loeber, D. Elliott, J.D. Hawkins, D. Kandel, M. Klein, J. McCord, D. Rowe, and R. Tremblay. (1990). “Advancing Knowledge about the Onset of Delinquency and Crime.” In B. Lahey and A. Kazdin (eds.), Advances in Clinical and Child Psychology Volume 13. New York: Plenum
Gibson, C.L., A.R. Piquero, and S.G. Tibbetts. (2000). “Assessing the Relationship between Maternal Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy and Age at First Police Contact.” Justice Quarterly 17: 519–542
Glueck, S. and E. Glueck. (1940). Juvenile Delinquents Grown Up. New York: The Commonwealth Fund
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Gottfredson, M.R. and T. Hirschi. (1995). “National Crime Control Policies”. Society 32: 30–36
Greenberg, D. (1975). “The Incapacitative Effect of Imprisonment: Some Estimates.” Law and Society Review 541–580
Hardy, J.B., S. Shapiro, E.D. Mellits, E.A. Skinner, N.M. Astone, M. Ensminger, T. LaVeist, R.A. Baumgardner, and H. Starfield. (1997). “Self-Sufficiency at Ages 27 to 33 Years: Factors Present between Birth and 18 Years that Predict Educational Attainment among Children Born to Inner-City Families.” Pediatrics 99: 80–87
Harnett, D.L. and A.K. Soni. (1991). Statistical Methods for Business and Economics. Fourth Edition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
Hawkins, D.F., J.H. Laub, and J.L. Lauritsen. (1998). “Race, Ethnicity, and Serious Juvenile Offending.” In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Hindelang, M.J., T. Hirschi, and J.G. Weis. (1979). Correlates of Delinquency: the Illusion of Discrepancy between Self-Report and Official Measures. American Sociological Review 44: 995–1014
Homey, J. and I.H. Marshall. (1992). “Measuring Lambda through Self-Reports.” Criminology 29: 471–495
lnciardi, J.A. (1975). Careers in Crime. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company
Irwin, J. (1970). The Felon. Toronto: Prentice-Hall
Klein, M. (1984). “Offense Specialization and Versatility among Juveniles.” British Journal of Criminology 24: 185–194
Laub, J.H. and R.J. Sampson. (2001). “Desistance from Crime.” In M. Tonry (ed.) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Forthcoming
Laub, J.H., D.S. Nagin, and R.J. Sampson. (1998). “Trajectories of Change in Criminal Offending: Good Marriages and the Desistance Process.” American Sociological Review 63: 225–238
Lauritsen, J.L. (1998). “The Age-Crime Debate: Assessing the Limits of Longitudinal Self-Report Data.” Social Forces 77: 127–155
Lemert, E. (1951). Social Pathology. New York: McGraw-Hill
Lipsitt, P.D., S.L. Buka, and L.P. Lipsett. (1990). “Early Intelligence Scores and Subsequent Delinquency: A Prospective Study.” The American Journal of Family Therapy 18: 197–208
Loeber, R. and D.F. Hay. (1994). “Developmental Approaches to Aggression and Conduct Problems.” In M. Rutter and D.F. Hay (eds.), Development through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians. Malden, MA: Blackwell Scientific
Maruna, S. (1999). Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Mazerolle, P., R. Brame, R. Paternoster, A. Piquero, and C.W. Dean. (2000). “Onset Age and Offending Versatility: Comparisons across Gender.” Criminology, 38: 1143–1172
Moffitt, T.E. (1993). “Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy.” Psychological Review 100: 674–701
Moffitt, T.E. (1994). “Natural Histories of Delinquency.” In E. Weitekamp and H. Kerner (eds.) Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Morris, N. (1972). “Foreward”. In M.E. Wolfgang, R. Figlio, and T. Sellin (eds.), Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Nagin, D.S. and K.C. Land. (1993). “Age, Criminal Careers, and Population Heterogeneity: Specification and Estimation of a Nonparametric, Mixed Poisson Model.” Criminology 31: 327–362
Nagin, D.S. and D.A. Smith. (1992). “Participation in and Frequency of Delinquency Behavior: A Test for Structural Differences.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6: 335–356
Nevares, D., M.E. Wolfgang, and P.E. Tracy. (1990). Delinquency in Puerto Rico: The 1970 Birth Cohort Study. New York, NY. Greenwood Press
Nichols, P.L. and T. Chen. (1981). Minimal Brain Dysfunction: A Prospective Study. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Niswander, K., and M. Gordon. (1972). The Women and Their Pregnancies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Paternoster, R., C.W. Dean, A. Piquero, P. Mazerolle, and R. Brame. (1997). “Continuity and Change in Offending Careers. ” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 13: 231–266
Paternoster, R., R. Brame, A. Piquero, P. Mazerolle, and C.W. Dean. (1998). “The Forward Specialization Coefficient: Distributional Properties and Subgroup Differences.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 14: 133–154
Patterson, G., and K. Yoerger. (1993). “A Model for Early Onset of Delinquent Behavior.” In S. Hodgins (ed.), Crime and Mental Disorder. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Piquero, A. (2000a). “Are Chronic Offenders the Most Serious Offenders? Exploring the Relationship with Special Attention to Offense Skewness and Gender Differences.” Journal of Criminal Justice 28: 103–115
Piquero, A. (2000b). “Frequency, Specialization and Violence in Offending Careers.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37: 392–418
Piquero, A. (2000c). Testing Moffitt’s “Neuropsychological Variation Hypothesis for the Prediction of Life-Course Persistent Offending.” Psychology, Crime, and Law. Forthcoming
Piquero, A. and S. Tibbetts. (1999). “The Impact of Pre/perinatal Disturbances and Disadvantaged Familial Environments in Predicting Criminal Offending.” Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention 8: 52–70
Piquero, A., R. Paternoster, P. Mazerolle, R. Brame, and C.W. Dean. (1999). “Onset Age and Specialization.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36: 275–299
Piquero, A., A. Blumstein, R. Brame, R. Haapanen, E.P. Mulvey, and D.S. Nagin. (2001). “Assessing the Impact of Exposure Time and Incapacitation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Criminal Offending.” Journal of Adolescent Research 16: 54–74
Rojek, D.J. and M.L. Erickson. (1982). “Delinquent Careers: A Test of the Career Escalation Model.” Criminology 20: 5–28
Shinnar, R. and S. Shinnar. (1975). “The Effect of the Criminal Justice System on the Control of Crime: A Quantitative Approach.” Law and Society Review 9: 581–612
Shover, N. (1996). Great Pretenders. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Shover, N. and C.Y. Thompson. (1992). “Age, Differential Expectations, and Crime Desistance.” Criminology 30: 89–104
Sommers, I., D.R. Baskin, and J. Fagan. (1994). “Getting Out of the Life: Crime Desistance by Female Street Offenders.” Deviant Behavior 15: 125–149
Spelman, W. (1994). Criminallincapacitation. New York, NY. Plenum Press
Sutherland, E. (1937). The Professional Thief Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Thornberry, T.P. and M.D. Krohn. (2000). “The Self-Report Method for Measuring Delinquency and Crime.” In D. Duffee (ed.), Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice, Volume 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice
Tibbetts, S. and A. Piquero. (1999). “The Influence of Gender, Low Birth Weight, and Disadvantaged Environment in Predicting Early Onset of Offending: A Test of Moffitt’s Interactional Hypothesis.” Criminology 37: 843–877
Tolan, P. (1987). “Implications of Age of Onset for Delinquency Risk.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 15: 47–65
Tonry, M., L.E. Ohlin, and D.P. Farrington. (1991). Human Development and Criminal Behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag
Tracy, P. and K. Kempf-Leonard. (1996). Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Company
Tracy, P.E., M.E. Wolfgang, and R. Figlio. (1990). Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts. New York: Plenum
Walker, S. (1998). Sense and Nonsense About Crime and Drugs. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Wolfgang, M.E., R. Figlio, and T. Sellin. (1972). Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Wolfgang, M.E., T. Thornberry, and R. Figlio. (1987). From Boy to Man, From Delinquency to Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Piquero, A.R., Buka, S.L. (2002). Investigating Race and Gender Differences in Specialization in Violence. In: Silverman, R.A., Thornberry, T.P., Cohen, B., Krisberg, B. (eds) Crime and Justice at the Millennium. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4883-3_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4883-3_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4930-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4883-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive