Abstract
Organisms expend energy for a variety of tasks, including body maintenance, movement, resource acquisition, courtship, reproduction, and growth. Energy expenditure is greatest in species that have high costs of maintenance (e.g., endotherms), high activity levels (due either to extended periods of activity or to the use of expensive forms of locomotion, such as flight and elaborate courtship rituals), expensive means or extended periods of resource acquisition, high rates of reproduction, high postnatal growth rates, and extended periods of parental care.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Braestrup, F. W. 1941. A study on the Arctic fox in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grönland 131:1–101.
Brown, J. H., and Lasiewski, R. C. 1972. Metabolism of weasels: the price of being long and thin. Ecology 53:939–943.
Casey, T. M., and Casey, K. K. 1979. Thermoregulation of Arctic weasels. Physiol. Zool. 52:153–164.
Casey, T. M., Withers, P. C., and Casey, K. K. 1979. Metabolic and respiratory responses of Arctic mammals to ambient temperature during the summer. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64A:331–341.
Chevillard-Hugot, M.-C. Muller, E. F., and Kulzer, E. 1980. Oxygen consumption, body temperature, and heart rate in the coati (Nasua nasua). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 65A:305–309.
Contreras, L. C. 1986. Bioenergetics and distribution of fossorial Spalacopus cyanus (Rodentia): Thermal stress, or cost of burrowing? Physiol. Zool. 59:20–28.
Ebisu, R. J., and Whittow, G. C. 1976. Temperature regulation in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54A:309–313.
Elgar, M. A., and Harvey, P. H. 1987. Basal metabolic rates in mammals: Allometry, phylogeny and ecology. Funct. Ecol. 1:25–36.
Ewer, R. F. 1973. The Carnivores. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press.
Farrell, D. J., and Wood A. J. 1968. The nutrition of the female mink (Mustela vison). I. The metabolic rate of the mink. Canadian J. Zool. 46:41–45.
Gittleman, J. L. 1985. Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates. Oecologia 67:540–554.
Gittleman, J. L., and Oftedal, O. T. 1987. Comparative growth and lactation energetics in carnivores. Symp. Zool. Soc. London 57:41–77.
Gittleman, J. L., and Thompson, S. D. 1988. Energy allocation in mammalian reproduction. Amer. Zool. 28:863–875.
Golightly, R. T., and Ohmart, R. D. 1983. Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes. J. Mamm. 64:624–635.
Harlow, H. J. 1981. Metabolic adaptations to prolonged food deprivation by the American badger Taxidea taxus. Physiol. Zool. 54:276–284.
Hayssen, V., and Lacy, R. C. 1985. Basal metabolic rates in mammals: Taxonomic differences in the allometry of BMR and body mass. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81A:741–754.
Hennemann, W. W., III, and Konecny, M. J. 1980. Oxygen consumption in large spotted genets, Genetta tigrina. J. Mamm. 61:747–750.
Hennemann, W. W., III, Thompson, S. D., and Konecny, M. J. 1983. Metabolism of crab-eating foxes, Cerdocyon thous: Ecological influences on the energetics of canids. Physiol. Zool. 56:319–324.
Hulbert, A. J., and Dawson, T. J. 1974. Thermoregulation in perameloid marsupials from different environments. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 47A:591–616.
Irving, L., Krog, H., and Monson, M. 1955. The metabolism of some Alaskan mammals in winter and summer. Physiol. Zool. 28:173–185.
Iversen, J. A. 1972. Basal energy metabolism of mustelids. J. Comp. Physiol. 81:341–344.
Iversen, J. A., and Krog, J. 1973. Heat production and body surface area in seals and sea otters. Norwegian J. Zool. 21:51–54.
Kamau, J. M. Z., Johansen, K., and Maloiy, G. M. O. 1979. Thermoregulation and standard metabolism of the slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus). Physiol. Zool. 52:594–602.
Kanwisher, J., and Sundnes, G. 1965. Physiology of a small cetacean. Hvalrådets Skrifter 48:45–53.
Kenyon K. W. 1969. The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean. N. Amer. Fauna 68:1–352.
Kleiber, M. 1932. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia 6:315–353.
Kleiber, M. 1961. The Fire of Life. New York: J. Wiley.
Konecny, M. 1988. Movement patterns and food habits of four sympatric carnivore species in Belize, Central America. Unpublished ms. Available from M. Konecny, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Korhonen, H., and Harri, M. 1984. Seasonal changes in thermoregulation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray 1834). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77A:213–219.
Korhonen, H., Harri, M., and Asikainen, J. 1983. Thermoregulation of polecat and raccoon dog: A comparative study with stoat, mink and blue fox. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 74A:225–230.
Kruuk, H. and Parish, T. 1981. Feeding specialization of the European badger Meles meles in Scotland. J. Anim. Ecol. 50:773–788.
Laurie, A., and Seidensticker, J. 1977. Behavioural ecology of the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus). J. Zool. (Lond.) 182:187–204.
Lavigne, D. M., Innes, S., Worthy, G. A. J., Kovacs, K. M., Schmitz, O. J., and Hickie, J. P. 1986. Metabolic rates of seals and whales. Canadian J. Zool. 64:279–284.
Lindstedt, L. S., and Calder, W. A. 1981. Body size, physiological time, and longevity of homeothermic animals. Quart. Rev. Biol. 56:1–16.
Loudon, A. S. I., and Racey, P. 1987. Reproductive Energetics in Mammals. Symposium no. 57. London: Zoological Society of London.
McKenna, M. C. 1975. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. In: W. P. Luckett & F. S. Szalay, eds. Phylogeny of the Primates, A Multidisciplinary Approach, pp. 21–46. New York: Plenum Press.
McNab, B. K. 1966. The metabolism of fossorial rodents: A study of convergence. Ecology 47:712–733.
McNab, B. K. 1969. The economics of temperature regulation in Neotropical bats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31:227–268.
McNab, B. K. 1971. On the ecological significance of Bergmann’s rule. Ecology 52:845–854.
McNab, B. K. 1978. Energetics of arboreal folivores: Physiological problems and ecological consequences of feeding on an ubiquitous food supply. In: G. G. Montgomery, ed. The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores, pp. 153–162. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
McNab, B. K. 1979. The influence of body size on the energetics and distribution of fossorial and burrowing rodents. Ecology 60:1010–1021.
McNab, B. K. 1980. Food habits, energetics, and the population biology of mammals. Amer. Nat. 116:106–124.
McNab, B. K. 1983. Ecological and behavioral consequences of adaptation to various food resources. In: J. F. Eisenberg & D. G. Kleiman, eds. Advances in the Study of Mammalian Behavior, pp. 664–697. Special Publication no. 7. Lawrence, Kans.: American Society of Mammalogists.
McNab, B. K. 1984. Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals. J. Zool. (Lond.) 203:485–510.
McNab, B. K. 1986a. Food habits, energetics, and the reproduction of marsupials. J. Zool. (Lond.) 208:595–614.
McNab, B. K. 1986b. The influence of food habits on the energetics of eutherian mammals. Ecol. Monog. 56:1–19.
McNab, B. K. 1988a. Complications in scaling basal rate of metabolism in mammals. Quart. Rev. Biol. 63:25–54.
McNab, B. K. 1988b Energy conservation in a tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens). Physiol. Zool. 61:280–292.
McNab, B. K., and Morrison, P. R. 1963. Body temperature and metabolism in subspecies of Peromyscus from arid and mesic environments. Ecol. Monogr. 33:63–82.
Morrison, P. R. 1960. Some interrelations between weight and hibernation function. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 124:75–91.
Morrison, P. R., Rosenmann, M., and Estes, J. A. 1974. Metabolism and thermoregulation in the sea otter. Physiol. Zool. 47:218–229.
Müller, E. F. 1985. Basal metabolic rates in primates—The possible role of phylogenetic and ecological factors. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81A:707–711.
Müller, E. F., and Kulzer, E. 1977. Body temperature and oxygen uptake in the kinkajou (Potos flavus, Schreber), a nocturnal tropical carnivore. Arch. Internat. Physiol. Biochem. 86:153–163.
Müller, E. F., and Lojewski, U. 1986. Thermoregulation in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta Schreber, 1776). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83A:217–224.
Noll-Banholzer, U. 1969. Body temperature, oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss and heart rate in fennec. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A:585–592.
Okarma, H., and Koteja, P. 1987. Basal metabolic rate in the gray wolf in Poland. J. Wild. Mgt. 51:800–801.
Scholander, P., Hock, R., Walters, V., and Irving, L. 1950. Adaptation to cold in Arctic and tropical mammals and birds in relation to body temperature, insulation, and basal metabolic rate. Biol. Bull. 99:259–271.
Shield, J. 1972. Acclimation and energy metabolism of the dingo, Canis dingo, and the coyote, Canis latrans. J. Zool. (Lond.) 168:483–501.
Shkolnik, A., and Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1976. Temperature regulation in hedgehogs from temperate and desert environments. Physiol. Zool. 49:56–64.
Smith, R. J. 1980. Rethinking allometry. J. Theor. Biol. 87:97–111.
Smith, R. J. 1984. Allometric scaling in comparative biology: Problems of concept and method. Amer. J. Physiol. 246:R152–R160.
Taylor, C. R., and Roundtree, V. J. 1973. Temperature regulation and heat balance in running cheetahs: A strategy for sprinters? Amer. J. Physiol. 224:848–851.
Taylor, C. R., Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Dmi’el, R., and Fedak, M. A. 1971. Effect of hyperthermia on heat balance during running in the African hunting dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 20:823–827.
Watts, P. D. 1988. Whole body thermal conductance of denning ursids. J. Thermal Biol. In press.
Worthen, G. L., and Kilgore, D. L., Jr. 1981. Metabolic rate of pine marten in relation to air temperature. J. Mamm. 62:624–628.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McNab, B.K. (1989). Basal Rate of Metabolism, Body Size, and Food Habits in the Order Carnivora. In: Gittleman, J.L. (eds) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-34360-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4716-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive