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Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity

Part of the book series: Contemporary Biomedicine ((CB,volume 15))

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Abstract

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a complex metabolic disorder of heterogenous etiology (1–5). There is clearly a strong hereditary component to the disease, but the exact genetic abnormalities are likely to differ among different population groups (6–8). In addition, NIDDM is likely to be multigenic, in that more than one discrete gene defect may exist within a given patient to lead esventually to the NIDDM phenotype. Thus, from a genetic point of view, NIDDM is heterogenous and polygenic, making identification of diabetes genes particularly difficult. Numerous biochemical abnormalities have been identified in NIDDM, and the relative contribution of different physiologic or cellular defects differs among different patient groups (6,7). Regardless of the exact pathophysiologic sequence in a particular patient, once full-blown fasting hyperglycemia develops, a characteristic set of metabolic derangements can be identified in the great majority of patients with NIDDM. The major metabolic abnormalities in NIDDM are summarized in Fig. 1, which depicts the final common pathophysiologic state in a typical NIDDM patient (1). It comprises abnormalities in the pancreatic islets, the liver, and the peripheral insulin target tissues.

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Authors
  1. John J. Nolan
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  2. Jerrold M. Olefsky
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA

    Boris Draznin

  2. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Robert Rizza

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Nolan, J.J., Olefsky, J.M. (1997). Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. In: Draznin, B., Rizza, R. (eds) Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity. Contemporary Biomedicine, vol 15. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3906-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3906-0_8

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