Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Retinoblastoma

  • Chapter
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual

Summary of Changes

T1 was redefined, and the lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.

T2 was redefined, and the lesions have been divided into T2a, T2b, and T2c.

T3 was redefined, and T3a, T3b, and T3c have been removed.

T4a and T4b have been removed.

N2 (distant lymph node involvement) has been added to regional lymph nodes (N).

pT1, pT2, and pT3 have been redefined.

pT2 lesions have been divided into pT2a, pT2b, and pT2c.

pM1 has been divided into pM1a and pM1b.

No stage grouping applies to retinoblastoma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Cohen MD, Bugaieski EM, Haliloglu M, Faught P, Siddiqui AR: Visual presentation of the staging of pediatric solid tumors. Radiographics 16:523–545, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dagher R, Helman L: Rhabdomyosarcoma: an overview. Oncologist 4:34–44, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsworth RM: The practical management of retinoblastoma. Tr Am Ophthalmol Soc 67:462–534, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming ID: Staging of pediatric cancers: problems in the development of a national system. Semin Surg Oncol 8:94–97, 1992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warrier RP, Regueira O. Wilms’ tumor. Pediatr Nephrol 6:358–364, 1992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Font RL, Gamel JW: Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: an analysis of 265 cases. In Jakobiec FA (Ed.): Ocular and ad-nexal tumors, Birmingham, AL: Aesculapius, chap 53, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Forres, AW: Epithelial lacrimal gland tumors: pathology as a guide to prognosis. Trans Amer Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 58:848–866, 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson JW: Orbital tumors, 3rd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobiec FA, Bilyk JR, Font RL: Lacrimal gland tumors. In Spencer WH (Ed.): Ophthalmic pathology: an atlas and textbook, 4th ed, vol. 4. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2485–2525, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean IW, Burnier MN, Zimmerman LE, et al: Tumors of the lacrimal gland and sac. In: Rosai J, ed. Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Tumors of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa, Third Series, Fascicle 12, Washington DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 215–232, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellado MV, McLean IW, Specht CS, et al: Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in childhood and adolescence. Ophthalmology 104:1622–1625, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vangveeravong S, Katz SE, Rootman J, et al: Tumors arising in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmology 103:1606–1612, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman LE, Sanders TE, Ackerman LV: Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: prognostic and therapeutic significance of histologic types. In: Zimmerman LE, ed. Tumors of the eye and adnexa, International Ophthalmology Clinics. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 337–367, 1962

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

    Consortia

    American Joint Committee on Cancer

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA

      Frederick L. Greene M.D. (Chair) (Chair)

    2. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

      David L. Page M.D. (Professor of Pathology and Epidemiology) (Professor of Pathology and Epidemiology)

    3. Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

      Irvin D. Fleming M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

    4. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

      April G. Fritz C.T.R., R.H.I.T.

    5. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

      Charles M. Balch M.D. (Professor of Surgery and Oncology) (Professor of Surgery and Oncology)

    6. University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

      Daniel G. Haller M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief for Clinical Affairs) (Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief for Clinical Affairs)

    7. Lynn Sage Breast Center, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

      Monica Morrow M.D. (Professor of Surgery and Director) (Professor of Surgery and Director)

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

    About this chapter

    Cite this chapter

    American Joint Committee on Cancer. (2002). Retinoblastoma. In: Greene, F.L., et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3656-4_44

    Download citation

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3656-4_44

    • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

    • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00595-7

    • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3656-4

    • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation