Abstract
The point of departure for this chapter is the current flurry of pension reforms in Europe, actually, around the world. The reason for these reforms are well known, and it is no surprise that they are particularly debated in Europe: of the world regions, Europe has the highest proportion of population aged 65 or over (NAS, 2001). Within Europe (and hence in the world), Italy has the highest proportion of people aged 65 or over (18% in 2000), but Belgium, Sweden and Greece also score very high (17% or more). Outside Europe, only Japan has a similar age structure (about 17% of the population is 65 or over). In Europe, the ratio of persons aged over 65 as a percentage of the working age population 20–64 (the dependency ratio), is expected to increase from about 27% in 2000 to 39% in 2025, and to 53% in 2050 (European Commission, 2000). This increase of the dependency ratio in itself places a heavy financial burden on society.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ALESSIE R., and KAPTEYN A. (2001), “Household Savings in the Netherlands”, Research in Economics, forthcoming.
ALESSIE R., KAPTEYN A. and KLIJN F. (1997), “Mandatory pensions and personal savings in the Netherlands”, De Economist, 145, no. 3:291–324.
ATTANASIO O. and DE LEIRE T. (1994), “IRAS and household saving revisited: some new evidence”, NBER working paper 4900.
ATTANASIO O. and BRUGIAVINI A. (1997), “L’effetto della Riforma Amato sul risparmio delle famiglie italiane”, Ricerche Quantitative per la Politica Economica-1995, Banca d’Italia-CIDE (eds.), Rome.
ATTANASIO O., and BANKS J. (1998), “Trends in household saving don’t justify tax incentives to boost saving”, Economic Policy, October.
AUERBACH A.J. and KOTLIKOFF L.J. (1987), Dynamic Fiscal Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
AUERBACH A.J., KOTLIKOFF L.J., HAGEMANN R.G. and NICOLETTI G. (1989), “The Economic Dynamics of an Ageing Population: The Case of Four OECD Countries”, Oecd Economic Studies, No. 12.
BANKS J., BLUNDELL R. and TANNER S. (1998), “Is There a Retirement-Savings Puzzle?”, American Economic Review 88(4):769–88.
BARRO R. J. (1974), “Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?”, Journal of Political Economy, 82, 5:1095–117
BERNHEIM B. D. (1987a), “The Economic Effects of Social Security: Toward a Reconciliation of Theory and Measurement”, Journal of Public Economics, 33:273–304.
BERNHEIM B. D. (1987b), “Dissaving After Retirement: Testing the Pure Life Cycle Hypothesis”, in Bodie Z., Shoven J. and Wise D. (eds.), Issue in Pension Economics, NBER, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
BIRG H. and BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (1999), Für eine neue Aufgabenteilung zwischen gesetzlicher und privater Altersversorgung, GDV, Berlin.
BOERI T., BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. and TABELLINI G. (2001), “Would you Like to Shrink the Welfare State? The Oninions of Euronean Citizens”, Economic Policy. 32, in nress.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (1992), “Saving and consumption patterns of the elderly: the German case”, Journal of Population Economics, 5:289–303.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (1994), “Savings in Germany — Part II: Behavior”, in Poterba J. (ed.), International Comparisons ofHousehold Savings. University of Chicago Press. Chicago and London, pp. 207–236.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (1996), “The Impact of Population Ageing on Savings, Investment and Growth in the OECD Area”, in OECD, Future Global Capital Shortages: Real Threat or Pure Fiction?, Paris, OECD, 103–141.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (1999), “Zur deutschen Diskussion eines Übergangs vom Umlage- zum Kapitaldeckungsverfahren in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung”, in Finanzarchiv, 55 (3):400–428.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (2000), “A Model under Siege: A Case Study of the Germany Retirement Insurance System”, The Economic Journal, 110 (461):F24–45.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (ed.) (2001a), International Comparisons of Household Saving: A Study of Life-Cycle Savings in Seven Countries, Academic Press, New York.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. (2001b), “The German Savings Puzzle”, Research in Economics, 55, in press.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. and LÜHRMANN M. (2000), Prinzipien der Renten- und Pensionsbesteuerung, Frankfurter Institut, Bad Homburg.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. and STAHL K. (1991), “Life-cycle savings and consumption constraints”, Journal of Population Economics, 4:233–255.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. and REIL-HELD A. (2001), “How much is Transfer and how much Insurance in a Pay-As-You-Go System? The German Case”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, in press.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A. and WINTER J. K. (2001), “Population Aging, Savings Behavior and Capital Markets”, Universität Mannheim, Sonderforschungsbereich, 504.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A., HEISS F. and WINTER J. K. (2001), “Pension Reform, Capital Markets, and the Rate of Return”, mimeo, University of Mannheim and Herbert-Giersch-Stiftung, Magdeburg.
BÖRSCH-SUPAN A., REIL-HELD A., RODEPETER R., SCHNABEL R. and WINTER J. (2001), “The German Saving Puzzle”, Research in Economics, forthcoming.
BREYER F. (2000), “Kapitaldeckungs- versus Umlageverfahren”, Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik.
BRUGIAVINI A. (1987), “Empirical Evidence on Wealth Accumulation and the Efiects of Pension Wealth: an Application to Italian Cross Section Data”, Financial Markets Group, D. P. 20, Lse, London.
BRUGIAVINI A. and PADULA M. (2001), “Too much for Retirement? Saving in Italy”, Research in Economics, forthcoming.
BRUGIAVINI A. and WEBER G. (2001), “Household Savings: Concepts and Measurement”, in Börsch-Supan A. (ed.), International Comparisons of Household Saving, Academic Press, New York.
DILNOT A.W. (1992), “Taxation of Private Pensions: Costs and Consequences”, in OECD, Private Pensions and Public Policy, OECD, Paris.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2000), The Contribution of Public Finances to Growth and Employment: Improving Quality and Sustainability, Communication from the European Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.
EUWALS R. (2000), “Do Mandatory Pensions Decrease Household Savings: Evidence for the Netherlands”, De Economist, 148:643–670.
FELDSTEIN M. (1974), “Social Security, Induced Retirement and Aggregate Capital Accumulation”, Journal of Political Economy, 82 (5):905–926.
GALE W. J. and SCHOLZ J. K. (1994), “IRAs and household saving”, American Economic Review, 84:1233–1260.
GRUBER J. and WISE D. (eds.) (1999), Social Security and Retirement Around the World, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
HELLER P. (1989), “Aging, Savings and the Sustainability of the Fiscal Burden in the G7-countries: 1980–2025”, IMF.
HUBBARD R.G. (1986), “Pension wealth and individual saving, some new evidence”, Journal of Money Credit and Banking, 18:167–178.
JAPPELLI T. (1995), “Does social security wealth reduce the accumulation of private wealth? Evidence from Italian survey data”, Ricerche Economiche, 49:1–31.
JAPPELLI T. and MODIGLIANI F. (1998), “The Age-Saving Profile and the Life-Cycle Hypothesis”, Csef Working Paper No. 4, University of Salerno.
KAPTEYN A., ALESSIE R. and LUSARDI A. (1999), “Explaining the wealth holdings of different cohorts: productivity growth and social security”, mimeo, Tinbergen Institute.
KING M. and DICKS-MIREAUX L. (1982), “Asset Holding and the Life Cycle”, Economic Journal, 92.
KOHL R. and O’BRIEN P. (1998), The Macroeconomics of Ageing, Pensions and Savings: A Survey, OECD Working Paper AWP1.1, Paris.
MODIGLIANI F. and BRUMBERG R. (1954), “Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-section Data”, in Kurihara K. (ed.), Post-Keynesian Economics, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, Nj.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (NAS, 2001), A Research Agenda and New Data for An Aging World, forthcoming.
ROSSI N. and VISCO I. (1994), “Private Saving and the Government Deficit in Italy”, in Ando A., Guiso L. and Visco I. (eds.), Saving and the Accumulation of Wealth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
SINN H. W. (2000), “Why to Fund and Why Not to Fund”, mimeo, CES, Munich.
SKINNER J. and HUBBARD R. G. (1996), “Assessing the Effectiveness of Saving Incentives”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(4):73–90.
VENTI S. and WISE D. (1990), “Have Iras increased U.S. Savings? Evidence from consumer expenditure surveys”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105:661–98.
WORLD BANK (1999), “The Tax Treatment of Funded Pensions”, World Bank Pension Reform Primer, 2.3, Washington, D.C.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Börsch-Supan, A. (2001). What We Know and What We do not Know about the Willingness to Provide Self-Financed Old-Age Insurance. In: Boeri, T., Börsch-Supan, A., Brugiavini, A., Disney, R., Kapteyn, A., Peracchi, F. (eds) Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3363-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3363-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4916-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3363-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive