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Handbook of Substance Abuse pp 161–185Cite as

Pharmacology of Cocaine

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Abstract

Cocaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. Early European explorers reported the habit of chewing of coca leaves by native populations, and systematic investigations of the effects of cocaine were conducted in the late nineteenth century by Sigmund Freud and others. For a review of the older literature on cocaine, the reader is referred to VanDyke and Byck (1974). Cocaine possesses short-acting local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor properties, which make it clinically useful for topical application. Its actions as a local anesthetic are due to inhibition of neuronal sodium channels which results in blockage of the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. This area is not discussed in detail in this chapter. Cocaine is a Schedule II drug in the United States. Its abuse is associated with enormous costs to both addicted individuals and to society as a whole. Valuable perspectives on the abuse of cocaine and other stimulants were provided by Gawin and Ellinwood (1988).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA

    S. John Gatley, Andrew N. Gifford & Nora D. Volkow

  2. Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA

    Joanna S. Fowler

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  1. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ralph E. Tarter  & Peggy J. Ott  & 

  2. Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert T. Ammerman

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Gatley, S.J., Gifford, A.N., Volkow, N.D., Fowler, J.S. (1998). Pharmacology of Cocaine. In: Tarter, R.E., Ammerman, R.T., Ott, P.J. (eds) Handbook of Substance Abuse. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2913-9_11

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