Abstract
The opportunities provided by clinical presentations of an older patient with pulmonary problems are both challenging and rewarding, often demonstrating classic examples of the geriatric paradigm, with interaction of primary, secondary, and tertiary risk factors. The primary risk factors are the changes of expected/anticipated aging, the secondary factors relate to particular disease processes, and the tertiary factors are the modifiable aspects of the patient’s life and illness, for example, exercise, diet, psychological issues, alcohol use, poverty, and, in particular for lung disease, cigarettes.
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Webster, J.R., Cain, T. (1997). Pulmonary Disease. In: Cassel, C.K., et al. Geriatric Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2705-0_43
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2705-0_43
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