Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hematologic Problems

  • Chapter
Geriatric Medicine

Abstract

Like other organs, such as cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and pulmonary, bone marrow reserve function declines with advancing age. With normal healthy older people there is minimal or no functional decline, but abnormal laboratory or clinical findings occur under the stress of nutritional deficiencies or disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Daly MP, Sobal J. Anemia in the elderly: a survey of physi- 23. cians’ approaches to diagnosis and workup. J Fam Pract. 1989; 28: 524–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Salive ME, Cornoni-Huntley J, Guralnik JM, et al. Anemic and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with 25. age, gender and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40: 489–496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Timiras ML, Brownstein H. Prevalence of anemia and correlation of hemoglobin with age in a geriatric screening 27. clinic population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987; 35: 639–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Howe RB. Anemia in the elderly. Postgrad Med. 1983; 28. 73: 153–160.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baldwin JG Jr. Hematopoietic function in the elderly. Arch 29. Intern Med. 1988; 148: 2544–2546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ania BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF, et al. Prevalence of anemia in medical practice: community versus referral pa- 30. tients. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994; 69: 730–735.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zauber NP, Zauber AG. Hematologic data of healthy very 31. old people. JAMA. 1987; 257: 2181–2184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Htoo MSH, Kofkoff RL, Freedman ML. Erythrocyte parameters in the elderly: an argument against new geriatric 32. normal values. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1979; 27: 547–551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO, Thompson C. The anemia of senescence. Am J Hematol. 1981; 11: 47–54. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lipschitz DA, Udupa KB, Milton KY, et al. Effect of age on hematopoiesis in man. Blood. 1984; 63: 502–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kario K, Matsuo T, Kodama K, et al. Reduced erythropoietin secretion in senile anemia. Am J Hematol. 1992; 41: 252–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Carpenter MA, Kendall RG, O’Brien, et al. Reduced erythropoietin response to anemia in elderly patients with normocytic anemia. Eur J Haematol. 1992; 49: 119–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Finch CA, Miller LR, Inamdar AR, et al. Iron deficiency in the rat: physiological and biochemical studies of muscle dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 1976; 58: 447–453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ohira Y, Edgerton VR, Gardiner GW, et al. Work capacity, heart rate and blood lactate responses to iron therapy. Br J Haematol. 1979; 41: 365–372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pirrie R. The influence of age upon serum iron in normal subjects. J Clin Pathol. 1952; 5: 10–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Garry PJ, Goodwin JS, Hunt WC. Iron status and anemia in the elderly: new findings and a review of previous studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983; 31: 389–399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Casale G, Bonora C, Migliavacca A, et al. Serum ferritin and ageing. Age Ageing. 1981; 10: 119–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sharma JC, Roy SN. Value of serum ferritin as an index of iron deficiency in elderly anemic patients. Age Ageing. 1984; 13: 248–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M, et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med. 1990; 88: 205–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Patterson C, Turpie ID, Benger AM. Assessment of iron stores in anemic geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985; 33: 764–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Joosten E, Hiele M, Ghoos Y, et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in a hospitalized geriatric population. Am J Med. 1991; 90: 653–654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Blumberg AB, Marti HRM, Graber CG. Serum ferritin and bone marrow iron in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. JAMA. 1983; 250: 3317–3319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lynch SR, Finch CA, Monsen ER, et al. Iron status of elderly Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36: 1032–1045.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Marx JJM. Normal iron absorption and decreased red cell iron uptake in the aged. Blood. 1979; 53: 204–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lipschitz DA. The anemic of chronic disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990; 38: 1258–1264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schilling RF. Anemia of chronic disease: a misnomer. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115: 572–573.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cook JD. Clinical evaluations of iron deficiency. Semin Hematol. 1982; 19: 6–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Krantz SB. Pathogenesis and treatment of the anemia of chronic disease. Am J Med Sei. 1994; 307: 353–359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Means RT Jr, Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood. 1992; 80: 1639–1647.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Damon L. Anemias of chronic disease in the aged: diagnosis and treatment. Geriatrics. 1992; 47: 47–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Power JS, Krantz SB, Collins JC, et al. Erythropoietin response to anemia as a function of age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39: 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Eschbach JW, Abdulhadi MH, Browne JK, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic patients with end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 111: 992–1000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Watson AJ, Gimenez LF, Cotton S, et al. Treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure with subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin. Am J Med. 1990; 89: 432–435.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. MacDougall I, Lewis NP, Saunders, et al. Long-term cardio-respiratory effects of amelioration of renal anemia by erythropoietin. Lancet. 1990;335:489-193.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lipschitz DA. Protein calorie malnutrition in the hospitalized elderly. Prim Care. 1982; 9: 531–543.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pennypacker LC, Allen RH, Kelly JP, et al. High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40: 1197–1204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Garry PJ, Goodwin JS, Hunt WC. Folate and vitamin B12 status in a healthy elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984; 32: 719–726.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Thompson WG, Babitz L, Cassino C, et al. Evaluation of current medical criteria used to measure vitamin B12 levels. Am J Med. 1987; 82: 291–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Grinbrat J, Marcus DL, Hernandez F, et al. Folate and vitamin B12 levels in an urban elderly population with chronic diseases. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986; 34: 627–632.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Carmel R, Simow R, Siegel ME, et al. Food cobalamin malabsorption occurs frequently in patients with unexplained low serum cobalamin levels. Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148: 1715–1719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lindenbaum J, Healton EB, Savage DG, et al. Neuropsychiatry disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 1720–1728.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Karnaze DS, Carmel R. Low serum cobalamin levels in primary degenerative dementia. Arch Intern Med. 1987; 147: 429–431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Cole MG, Prchal JF. Low serum vitamin B12 in Alzheimer type dementia. Age Ageing. 1984; 13: 101–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pruthi RK, Tefferi A. Pernicious anemia revisited. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994; 69: 144–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Crystal HA, Ortof E, Frishman WH, et al. Serum vitamin B12 levels and incidence of dementia in a healthy elderly population: a report from the Bronx longitudinal study. J Am GeriatrSoc. 1994; 42: 933–936.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Stabler SP, Allen RH, Savage DG, et al. Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency. Blood. 1990; 76: 871–881.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Stabler SP, et al. Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies. Am J Med. 1994; 96: 239–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Webster SGP, Leeming JT. Erythrocyte folate levels in young and old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1979; 27: 451–454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Baker H, Frank O, Thind IS, et al. Vitamin profiles in elderly persons living at home or in nursing homes, versus profiles in healthy young ones. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1979; 27: 444–450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Rosenburg IH, Bowman BB, Cooper BA, et al. Folate nutrition in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36; 1060–1066.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Marcus DL, Freedman ML. Folic acid deficiency in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985; 33: 552–558.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Gardner FH. Refractory anemia in the elderly. Adv Intern Med. 1987; 32: 155–176.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hartsock RJ, Smith EB, Petty CS. Variations with aging of the amount of hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow from the anterior iliac crest. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965; 43: 326–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Lee MA, Segal GM, Bagby GC. The hematopoietic mi-croenvironment in the elderly: defects in IL-l-induced CSF expression in vitro. Exp Hematol. 1989; 17: 952–956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Boggs DR, Patrene KD. Hematopoiesis and aging: anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to hemorrhage in aged mice. Am J Hematol. 1985; 19: 327–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Upuda KB, Lipschitz DA. Erythropoiesis in the aged mouse: response to stimulation in vivo. J Lab Clin Med. 1984; 103: 574–580.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Upuda KB, Lipschitz DA. Erythropoiesis in the aged mouse: response to stimulation in vitro. J Lab Clin Med. 1984; 103: 581–588.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Weinreb NJ, Shih CF. Spurious polycythemia. Semin Hematol. 1975; 12: 397–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Adamson JW. The polycythemias: diagnostic and treatment. Hosp Pract. 1983; 18 (12): 49–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hocking WG. Primary and secondary and secondary erythrocytosis. In: Mazza J, ed. Manual of Clincal Hematology. Boston: Little, Brown; 1988: 49–64.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Moore-Gillon JC, Treacher DF, Gaminara EJ, et al. Intermittent hypoxia in patients with unexplained polycythemia. Br Med J. 1986; 293: 588–590.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Thomas DJ, Marshall J, Ross-Russel RW, et al. Cerebral blood-flow in polycythemia. Lancet. 1977; 2: 161–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Wade JPH, Pearson TC, Ross-Russell RW, et al. Cerebral blood flow and blood viscosity in patients with poly-cythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. Br Med J. 1981; 283: 689–692.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Humphrey PRD, Marshall J, Ross-Russel RW, et al. Cerebral blood-flow and viscosity in relative polycythemia. Lancet. 1979; 2: 873–876.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Pearson TC, Wetherley-Mein G. Vascular occlusive episodes and venous hematocrit in primary proliferative polycythemia. Lancet. 1987; 2: 1219–1222.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Milligan DW, Tooke JE, Davis JA. Effect of venesection on calf blood flow in polycythemia. Br Med J. 1982; 284: 619–620.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. John R. Walsh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Henry L. Schwartz Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, 10029-6574, New York, NY, USA

    Christine K. Cassel M.D. (Professor and Chairman) & Diane E. Meier M.D. (Associate Professor) (Professor and Chairman) &  (Associate Professor)

  2. Center for Study of Aging and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, NC, USA

    Harvey J. Cohen M.D. (Director) (Director)

  3. University of Washington Medical Center, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA

    Eric B. Larson M.D., M.P.H. (Medical Director) (Medical Director)

  4. Gerontology Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Neil M. Resnick M.D. (Chief) (Chief)

  5. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Sepulveda VA Medical Center, 91343, Sepulveda, CA, USA

    Laurence Z. Rubenstein M.D., M.P.H. (Director) (Director)

  6. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA

    Leif B. Sorensen M.D. (Professor and Vice Chairman) (Professor and Vice Chairman)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Walsh, J.R. (1997). Hematologic Problems. In: Cassel, C.K., et al. Geriatric Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2705-0_41

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2705-0_41

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2707-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2705-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation