Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Radiation and Thyroid Cancer

Lessons from 46 Years of Study

  • Chapter
Book cover Diseases of the Thyroid

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 2))

  • 110 Accesses

Abstract

Once considered a “radioresistant” organ, because large doses of radiation are needed to ablate it, the thyroid is now known to be one of the most sensitive to the long-term, neoplastic effects of radiation. Once thought to be a relatively rare and largely resolved problem, radiation-induced thyroid cancer is now known to be a common and persistent problem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Duffy BJ, Fitzgerald P. Thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence: a report on twenty-eight cases. Cancer 1950; 10: 1018–1032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Schneider AB, Ron E, Lubin J, Stovall M, Gierlowski TC. Dose-response relationships for radiation-induced thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules: evidence for the prolonged effects of radiation on the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 362–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. DeGroot L, Reilly M, Pinnameneni K, Refetoff S. Retrospective and prospective study of radiation-induced thyroid disease. Am J Med 1983; 74: 852–862.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pottern LM, Kaplan MM, Larsen PR, Silva JE, Koenig RJ, Lubin JH, Stovall M, Boice Jr JD. Thyroid nodularity after childhood irradiation for lymphoid hyperplasia—a comparison of questionnaire and clinical findings. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 449–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ron E, Modan B, Preston D, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Boice Jr JD. Thyroid neoplasia following low-dose radiation in childhood. Radiat Res 1989; 120: 516–531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shore RE, Woodard E, Hildreth N, Dvoretsky P, Hempelmann L, Pasternack B. Thyroid tumors following thymus irradiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 74: 1177–1184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lundell M, Hakulinen T, Holm LE. Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma in infancy. Radiat Res 1994; 140: 334–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hancock SL, Cox RS, McDougall IR. Thyroid diseases after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 599–605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. De Vathaire F, Francois P, Schweisguth O, Oberlin O, Le MG. Irradiated neuroblastoma in childhood as potential risk factor for subsequent thyroid tumour [letter]. Lancet 1988; 2: 455.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hawkins MM, Kingston JE. Malignant thyroid tumours following childhood cancer [letter]. Lancet 1988; 2: 804.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tucker MA, Jones PH, Boice Jr JD, Robison LL, Stone BJ, Stovall M, Jenkin RD, Lubin JH, Baum ES, Siegel SE, Meadows AT, Hoover RN, Fraumeni Jr JF. Therapeutic radiation at a young age is linked to secondary thyroid cancer. The late effects study group. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 2885–2888.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Thompson DE, Mabuchi K, Ron E, Soda M, Tokunaga M, Ochikubo S, Sugimoto S, Ikeda T, Terasaki M, Izumi S, Preston DL. Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958–1987. Radiat Res 1994; 137: 517 - S67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Conard RA. Late radiation effects in Marshall Islanders exposed to fallout 28 years ago. In: Boice Jr JD, Fraumeni JR, eds. Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance. Raven, New York, pp. 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hamilton TE, van Belle G, LoGerfo JP. Thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to nuclear fallout. JAMA 1987; 258: 629–635.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wingren G, Hatschek T, Axelson O. Determinants of papillary cancer of the thyroid. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138: 482–491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hallquist A, Hardell L, Lofroth PO. External radiotherapy prior to thyroid cancer-a case-control study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 27: 1085–1089.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Inskip PD, Ekbom A, Galanti MR, Grimelius L, Boice Jr JD. Medical diagnostic x-rays and thyroid cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1613–1621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rallison ML, Dobyns BM, Keating Jr FR, Rall JE, Tyler FH. Thyroid nodularity in children. JAMA 1975; 233: 1069–1072.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kerber RA, Till JE, Simon SL, Lyon JL, Thomas DC, Preston-Martin S, Rallison ML, Lloyd RD, Stevens W. A cohort study of thyroid disease in relation to fallout from nuclear weapons testing. JAMA 1993; 270: 2076–2082.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Prisyazhiuk A, Pjatak OA, Buzanov VA, Reeves GK, Beral V. Cancer in the Ukraine, post-Chernobyl [letter]. Lancet 1991; 338: 1334–1335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kazakov VS, Demidchik EP, Astakhova LN. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl [letter] Nature 1992; 359: 21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Baverstock K, Egloff B, Pinchera A, Ruchti C, Williams D. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl [letter]. Nature 1992; 359: 21–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Abelin T, Egger M, Ruchti C. Fallout from Chernobyl-Belarus increase was probably caused by Chernobyl [letter]. Br Med J 1994; 309: 1298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ron E, Lubin JH, Schneider A. Thyroid cancer incidence [letter]. Nature 1992; 360: 113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Likhtarev IA, Sobolev BG, Kairo IA, Tronko ND, Bogdanova TI, Oleinic VA, Epshtein EV, Beral V. Thyroid cancer in the Ukraine [letter]. Nature 1995; 375: 365.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sobolev B, Likhtarev I, Kairo I, Tronko N, Oleynik V, Bogdanova T. Radiation risk assessment of thyroid cancer in Ukraine children exposed due to Chernobyl. In: Karaoglou A, Desmet G, Kelly GN, Menzel HG, eds. Proceedings of the First International Conference, The radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Publ EUR 16544 EN. European Communities, Brussels, 1996, pp. 741–748.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cate S, Ruttenber AJ, Conklin AW. Feasibility of an epidemiologic study of thyroid neoplasia in persons exposed to radionuclides from the Hanford nuclear facility between 1944 and 1956. Health Phys 1990; 59: 169–178.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pillai NK, Thangavelu M, Ramalingaswami V. Nodular lesions of the thyroid in an area of high background radiation in coastal Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64: 537–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang Z, Boice Jr JD, Wei L, Beebe G, Zha Y, Kaplan M, Tao Z, Maxon H,III, Zhang S, Schneider AB, Tan B, Wesseler T, Chen D, Ershow A, Kleinerman R, Littlefield LG, Preston D. Thyroid nodularity and chromosome aberrations among women in areas of high background radiation in China. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82: 478–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kendall GM, Muirhead CR, MacGibbon BH, O’Hagan JA, Conquest AJ, Goodill AA, Butland BK, Fell TP, Jackson DA, Webb MA, et al. Mortality and occupational exposure to radiation: first analysis of the National Registry for Radiation Workers. BMJ 1992; 304: 22–2255.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wang JX, Inskip PD, Boice Jr JD, Li BX, Zhang JY, Fraumeni Jr JF. Cancer incidence among medical diagnostic X-ray workers in China, 1950 to 1985. Int J Cancer 1990; 54: 889–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Polednak AP. Thyroid tumors and thyroid function in women exposed to internal and external radiation. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1986; 7: 53–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, Mabuchi K, Modan B, Pottern LM, Schneider AB, Tucker MA, Boice Jr JD. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 1995; 141: 259–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Boice Jr JD, Engholm G, Kleinerman RA, Blettner M, Stovall M, Lisco H, Moloney WC, Austin DF, Bosch A, Cookfair DL, et al. Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. Radiat Res 1988; 116: 3–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Shore RE. Issues and epidemiological evidence regarding radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Radiat Res 1992; 131: 98–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. McTiernan AM, Weiss NS, Daling JR. Incidence of thyroid cancer in women in relation to previous exposure to radiation therapy and history of thyroid disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984; 73: 575–581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ron E, Kleinerman R, Boice JR JD, LiVolsi V, Flannery J, Fraumeni Jr J. A population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987; 79: 1–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ron E. Thyroid cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, eds. Cancer Epidemology and Prevention. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1000–1020.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Harach HR, Williams ED. Childhood thyroid cancer in England and Wales. Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 777–783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Publ. E94.IX.11, 1994 United Nations, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Schneider AB, Shore-Freeman E, Ryo UY, Bekerman C, Favus M, Pinsky S. Radiation-induced tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation: prospective studies. Medicine 1985; 64: 1–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fjalling M, Tisell LE, Carlsson S, Hansson G, Lundberg LM, Oden A. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules after neck irradiation. Cancer 1986; 58: 1219–1224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mehta MP, Goetowski PG, Kinsella TJ. Radiation induced thyroid neoplasms 1920 to 1987a vanishing problem. Int J Radiation Oncol 1989; 16: 1471–1475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pottern LM, Stone BJ, Day NE, Pickle LW, Fraumeni Jr JF. Thyroid cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1975: an analysis by cell type. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 112: 764–774.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Degroot LJ, Reilly M, Pinnameneni K, Refetoff S. Retrospective and prospective study of radiation-induced thyroid disease. Am J Med 1983; 74: 852–862.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Turrin A, Pilotti S, Ricci SB. Characteristics of thyroid cancer following irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985; 11: 2149–2154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Shimaoka K, Getaz EP, Rao U. Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid: radiation-associated. NY State J Med 1979; 79: 874–877.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Christensen SB, Ljungberg O. Mortality from thyroid carcinoma in Malmo, Sweden 19601977. A clinical and pathologic study of 38 fatal cases. Cancer 1984; 54: 1629–1634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Akslen LA, Haldorsen T, Thoresen SO, Glattre E. Survival and causes of death in thyroid cancer-a population-based study of 2479 cases from Norway. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 1234–1241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Holm LE, Wilkund KE, Lundell GE, Bergman NA, Bjelkengren G, Cederquist ES, Ericsson UBC, Larsson LG, Lidberg ME, Lindberg RS, Wicklund HV, Boice Jr JD. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic doses of iodine-131: A retrospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988; 80: 1132–1138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hall P, Mattsson A, Boice Jr JD. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131. Radiat Res 1996; 145: 86–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dobyns BM, Sheline GE, Workman JB, Tompkins EA, McConahey WM, Becker DV. Malignant and benign neoplasms of the thyroid in patients treated for hyperthyroidism: A report of the Cooperative Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38: 976–998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Holm LE, Hall P, Wiklund K, Lundell G, Berg G, Bjelkengren G, Cederquist E, Ericsson UB, Hallquist A, Larsson LG, Lidberg M, Lindberg S, Tennvall J, Wicklund H, Boice Jr JD. Cancer Risk After Iodine-131 Therapy for Hyperthyroidism. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83: 1072–1077.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hall P, Berg G, Bjelkengren G, Boice Jr JD, Ericsson UB, Hallquist A, Lidberg M, Lundell G, Tennvall J, Wiklund K, Holm LE. Cancer Mortality After Iodine-131 Therapy for Hyperthyroidism. Int J Cancer 1992; 50: 886–890.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hamilton PM, Chiacchierini RP, Kaczmarek RG. A follow-up study of persons who had iodine-131 and other diagnostic procedures during childhood and adolescence. FDA Publication 89–8276. 1989 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Chiacchierini RP. Iodine-131 exposure and neoplasia. Radiat Res 1990; 124: 359–360.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lee W, Chiacchierini RP, Shleien B, Telles NC. Thyroid tumors following 131-I or localized X-irradiation to the thyroid and pituitary glands in rats. Radiat Res 1982; 92: 307–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Samaan N, Schultz P, Ordonez N, Hickey R, Johnston D. A comparison of thyroid carcinoma in those who have and have not had head and neck irradiation in childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64: 219–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sandler DP, Comstock GW, Matanoski GM. Neoplasms following childhood radium irradiation of the nasopharynx. J Natl Cancer Inst 1982; 68: 3–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shore-Freeman E, Abrahams C, Recant W, Schneider AB. Neurilemomas and salivary gland tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation. Cancer 1983; 51: 2159–2163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Land CE, Saku T, Hayashi Y, Takahara O, Matsuura H, Tokuoka S, Tokunaga M, Mabuchi K. Salivary gland tumor incidence among atomic bomb survivors, 1950–1987. Evaluation of radiation-related risk. Radiat Res 1996; 146: 28–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Fujiwara S, Sposta REH, Akiba S, Neriishi K, Kodama K, Hosoda Y, Shimaoka K. Hyperparathyroidism among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima. Radiat Res 1992; 130: 372–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Cohen J, Gierlowski TC, Schneider AB. A prospective study of hyperparathyroidism in individuals exposed to radiation in childhood. JAMA 1990; 264: 581–584.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Schneider AB, Gierlowski TC, Shore-Freeman E, Stovall M, Ron E, Lubin J. Dose-response relationships for radiation-induced hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 254–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ron E, Modan B, Boice JrJD, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Chetrit A, Katz L. Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1033–1039.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rosen IB, Azadian A, Walfish PG, Salem S, Lansdown E, Bedard YC. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the management of thyroid disease. Am J Surg 1993; 166: 346–349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Barbacid M. Ras oncogenes: their role in neoplasia. Eur J Clin Invest 1990; 20: 225–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Sznajder L, Abrahams C, Parry DM, Gierlowski TC, Shore-Freeman E, Schneider AB. Multiple schwannomas and meningiomas associated with childhood irradiation. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1873–1878.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Perkel V, Gail MH, Lubin J, Pee D, Weinstein R, Shore-Freeman E, Schneider AB. Radiation-induced thyroid neoplasm: evidence for familial susceptibility factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 1316–1322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ryo UY, Arnold J, Colman M, Arnold M, Favus M, Frohman L, Schneider A, Stachura M, Pinsky S. Thyroid scintigram. Sensitivity with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and gamma camera with pinhole collimator. JAMA 1976; 235: 1235–1238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Schneider AB. Radiation-induced thyroid tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990; 19: 495–508.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Brander A, Viikinkoski P, Nickels J, Kivisaari L. Thyroid Gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology 1991; 181: 683–687.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Schneider AB, Bekerman C, Leland J, Rosengarten J, Hyun H, Shore-Freeman E, Gierlowski TC. Ultrasound of the thyroid in the follow-up of irradiated individuals: high frequency of nodular abnormalities. American Thyroid Association 69th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA S-44, 1996 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Schneider AB, Favus MJ, Stachura ME, Arnold JE, Ryo UY, Pinsky S, Colman M, Arnold MJ, Frohman LA. Plasma thyroglobulin in detecting thyroid carcinoma after childhood head and neck irradiation. Ann Intern Med 1977; 86: 29–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Schneider A, Bekerman C, Favus M, Frohman L, Gonzalez C, Ryo UY, Sievertsen G, Pinsky S. Continuing occurrence of thyroid-nodules after head and neck irradiation: relationship to plasma thyroglobulin concentration. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 176–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Schneider AB, Recant W, Pinsky S, Ryo UY, Bekerman C, Shore-Freeman E. Radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma: clinical course and results of therapy in 296 patients. Ann Intern Med 1986; 105: 405–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Med 1994; 97: 418–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Hay ID, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner J, Ebersold JR, Grant CS. Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1,779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. Surgery 1993; 114: 1050–1058.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Robinson E, Neugut AI. The clinical behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in patients with prior Hodgkin’s disease. Radiother Oncol 1990; 17: 109–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Fogelfeld L, Wiviott MBT, Shore-Freeman E, Blend M, Bekerman C, Pinsky S, Schneider AB. Recurrence of thyroid nodules after surgical removal in patients irradiated in childhood for benign conditions. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 835–840.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Schneider AB, Pinsky S, Bekerman C, Ryo UY. Characteristics of 108 thyroid cancers detected by screening in a population with a history of head and neck irradiation. Cancer 1980; 46: 1218–1227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. La Rosa GL, Lupo L, Giuffrida D, Gullo D, Vigneri R, Belfiore A. Thyroxine and potassium iodide are both effective in treating benign solitary cold nodules of the thyroid. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gharib H, James EM, Charboneau JW, Naessens JM, Offord KP, Gorman CA. Suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 70–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Little MP, Hawkins MM, Shore RE, Charles MW, Hildreth NG. Time variations in the risk of cancer following irradiation in childhood. Radiat Res 1991; 126: 304–316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Preston DL, Kusumi S, Tomonaga M, Izumi S, Ron E, Kuramoto A, Kamada N, Dohy H, Matsui T, Nonaka H, Thompson DE, Soda M, Mabuchi K. Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III: leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950–1987. Radiat Res 1994; 137: S68 - S97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Becker DV, Robbins J, Beebe GW, Bouville AC, Wachholz BW. Childhood thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl accident: A status report. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Amer 1996; 25: 197–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Furmanchuk AW, Averkin JI, Egloff B, Ruchti C, Abelin T, Schappi W, Korotkevich EA. Pathomorphological findings in thyroid cancers of children from the republic of Belarusa study of 86 cases occurring between 1986 (post-Chernobyl) and 1991. Histopathology 1992; 21: 401–408.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Meek DW. Post-Translational Modification of p53. Semin Cancer Biol 1994; 5: 203–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Farid NR, Zou M, Shi Y. Genetics of follicular thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Amer 1995; 24: 865–883.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Swift M, Morrell D, Massey R, Chase C. Incidence of cancer in 161 families affected by ataxiatelangiectasia. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1831–1836.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Schneider AB, Shore-Freeman E, Weinstein R. Radiation-induced thyroid and other head and neck tumors: occurrence of multiple tumors and analysis of risk factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 63: 107–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Kitahori Y, Naitoh H, Konishi N, Fukushima M, Ohnishi T, Hiasa Y. G-> A mutation of ras genes and infrequent p53 gene mutation in rat transplantable thyroid carcinoma lines from tumors induced in vivo by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Cancer Lett 1996; 100: 55–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Lemoine NR, Mayall ES, Williams ED, Thurston V, Wynford-Thomas D. Agent-specific ras oncogene activation in rat thyroid tumours. Oncogene 1988; 3: 541–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Wright PA, Williams ED, Lemoine NR, Wynford-Thomas D. Radiation-associated and spontaneous human thyroid carcinomas show a different pattern of ras oncogene mutation. Oncogene 1991; 6: 471–473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Challeton C, Bounacer A, Du Villard JA, Caillou B, De Vathaire F, Monier R, Schlumberger M, Suarez HG. Pattern of ras and gsp oncogene mutations in radiation-associated human thyroid tumors. Oncogene 1995; 11: 601–603.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Nikiforov Y, Nikiforova M, Tang SH, Fagin JA. Low prevalence of mutations of ras and p53 in thyroid tumors from children exposed to radiation after Chernobyl. The Endocrine Society 77th Annual Meeting, Washington DC 463, 1995 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Santoro M, Grieco M, Melillo RM, Fusco A, Vecchio G. Molecular defects in thyroid carcinomas: Role of the RET oncogene in thyroid neoplastic transformation. Eur J Endocrinology 1995; 133: 513–522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Klugbauer S, Lengfelder E, Demidchik EP, Rabes HM. High prevalence of RET rearrangement in thyroid tumors of children from Belarus after the Chernobyl reactor accident. Oncogene 1995; 11: 2459–2467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Fugazzola L, Pilotti S, Pinchera A, Vorontsova TV, Mondellini P, Bongarzone I, Greco A, Astakhova L, Butti MG, Demidchik EP, Pacini F, Pierotti MA. Oncogenic rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas from children exposed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 5617–5620.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hillebrandt S, Streffer C, Reiners C, Demidchik E. Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene in thyroid tumours of children from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. Int J Radiat Biol 1996; 69: 39–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Fogelfeld L, Bauer TK, Schneider AB, Swartz JE, Zitman R. p53 Gene mutations in radiation-induced thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Baker RJ, Van Den Bussche RA, Wright AJ, Wiggins LE, Hamilton MJ, Reat EP, Smith MH, Lomakin MD, Chesser RK. High levels of genetic damage in rodents of Chernobyl. Nature 1996; 380: 707–708.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Arthur B. Schneider MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elaine Ron PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Lewis E. Braverman MD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schneider, A.B., Ron, E. (1997). Radiation and Thyroid Cancer. In: Braverman, L.E. (eds) Diseases of the Thyroid. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 2. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2594-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2594-0_13

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2596-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2594-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation