Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application pp 97–111Cite as

Qualitative Inquiry An Underutilized Strategy in AIDS Research

  • Chapter

Abstract

HIV/AIDS is the third-leading cause of death among adults ages 25 to 44. As of December 31, 1994, there were 441,528 reported cases of AIDS in the U.S.

This chapter is based on a meeting convened by the Office on AIDS, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) on May 5–6, 1992, entitled “Qualitative Analysis of Textual and Focus Group Data”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adler, P. A. 1985. Wheeling and Dealing. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, P. A. 1990a. Ethnographic research on hidden populations: Penetrating the drug world. In: E. Y. Lambert, ed., The Collection and Interpretation of Data from Hidden Populations. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Monograph Number 98, pp. 96–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, P. 1990b. Requirements for inductive analysis. In: E. Y. Lambert, ed., The Collection and Interpretation of Data from Hidden Populations. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Monograph Number 98, pp. 44–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, P. A., Adler, P. 1987. Membership Roles in Field Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, A. M., Koreck, M. T. 1989. Silences: Hispanics, AIDS, and sexual practices. Differences 1: 101–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amaro, H. 1988. Considerations for prevention of HIV infection among Hispanic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 12: 429–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amaro, H., Gomemann, I. 1991. Health care utilization for sexually transmitted diseases: Influence of patient and provider characteristics. In: A. O. Sergi, J. Warerheit, and K. K. Holmes eds., Research Issues in Human Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the AIDS Era. Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology, pp. 140–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amaro, H., Gomemann, I. 1992. HIVAIDS related attitudes, beliefs and behaviors among hispanics in the U.S. northeast and Puerto Rico. Report prepared for the Northeast Hispanic AIDS Coalition. Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, M., Joseph, J. 1987. AIDS and behavioral change in risk reduction: A review. American Journal of Public Health 78: 394–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, H. R. 1988. Research Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bledsoe, C. 1990. The politics of AIDS and condoms for stable heterosexual relations in Africa: Recent evidence from the local print media. In: W. P. Handwerker, ed., Births and Power: The Politics of Reproduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 197–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumer, H. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, R. 1992. AIDS and promiscuity: Muddles in the models of HIV prevention. In: R. Bolton M. Singer, eds., Rethinking AIDS Prevention: Cultural Approaches, Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; pp. 7–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadhead, R. S., Fox, K. 1990. Takin’ it to the streets: AIDS outreach as ethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 19: 322–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C. A. 1991. Prostitution, AIDS, and preventive health behavior. Social Science and Medicine 32: 1367–1378. Carrier, J. M. 1989. Sexual behavior and the spread of AIDS in Mexico. Medical Anthropology 10: 129–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, J., Bolton, R. 1992. Anthropological perspectives on sexuality and HIV prevention. Annual Review of Sex Research 2: 49–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control. 1994. Mortality and Mobidity Weekly Report: The Second 100,000 Cases of AIDS. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chitwood, D. D., McCoy, C. B., Inciardi, J. A., McBride, D. C., Comerford, M. A., Trapido, E., McCoy, V., Page, J. B., Griffin, J., Fletcher, M. A., Ashman, M. A. 1990. HIV seropositivity of needles from shooting galleries in South Florida. American Journal of Public Health 80: 150–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicourel, A. 1964. Method and Measurement in Sociology. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, J., Marcus, G., 1986. Writing Culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. 1971. That’s interesting! Toward a phenomenology of sociology and a sociology of phenomenology. Philosophy of Social Science I: 309–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K. 1969. Symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology: A proposed synthesis. American Sociological Review 34: 922–934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K. 1989. The Research Act. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y., eds., 1993. Handbook on Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Des Jarlais, D. C., Friedman, S. R., Strug, D. 1986. AIDS and needle sharing within the IV-drug use subculture. In: D. A.Feldman T. M. Johnson, eds., Social Dimensions of AIDS: Method and Theory. New York: Praeger, pp. 111–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Des Jarlais, D. C., Friedman, S. R. 1990. “Shooting galleries” and AIDS: Infection probabilities and “tough” policies. American Journal of Public Health 80: 142–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, J. D. 1976. Investigative Social Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, P. 1990. Sending sickness: Sorcery, politics, and changing concepts of AIDS in rural Haiti. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(1): 6–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fendrich, M., Goldstein, P. J., Tarshish, G., Bellucci, P. A. 1992. Longitudinal measurement of substance use in ethnography samples. Journal of Community Psychology 20: 326–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz, R. B. 1988. Computer analysis of qualitative data. Collection and interpretation of data for hidden populations: Qualitative research designs. NIDA Technical Review, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, H. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B., Strauss, A. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. 1978. Theoretical Sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, P. J. 1979. Prostitution and Drugs. Lexington, MA.: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, P. J., Spunt, B. J., Miller, T., Bellucci, P. A. 1990. Ethnography field stations. In: E. Y. Lambert, ed., The Collection and Interpretation of Data from Hidden Populations. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Monograph Number 98, pp. 80–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, P. J., Bellucci, P. A., Spunt, B. J., Miller, T. 1991. Volume of cocaine and violence: A comparison between men and women. Journal of Drug Issues 21(2): 345–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough, W. H. 1970. Componential analysis and the study of meaning. Language 32: 195–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grund, J. C. P., Kaplan, C. D., Adriaans, N. F. P. 1991. Needle sharing in the Netherlands: An ethnographic analysis. American Journal of Public Health 81: 1602–1607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E. G. 1981. Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology-A Journal of Theory 30: 233–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammersley, M., Atkinson, P. 1983. Ethnography: Principles in Practice. New York: Travistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, K. K., Karon, J. M., Kreiss, J. 1990. The increasing frequency of heterosexually acquired AIDS in the United States, 1983–88. American Journal of Public Health 80(7): 858–863.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inciardi, J. A. 1990. Federal efforts to control the spread of HIV and AIDS among IV drug use. American Behavioral Scientist 33: 408–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. 1990. Ethnopharmocology: An interdisciplinary approach to the study of intravenous drug use and HIV. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 17: 349–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. M. 1975. Doing Field Research. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, D. L. 1989. Participant Observation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E., Levin, M. L., Hamilton, H. 1963. Traditons of research on the diffusion of innovation. American Sociological Review 28: 237–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., St. Lawrence, J. S., Brasfield, T. L., Lemke, A., Amidei, T., Roffman, R. E., Hood, H. V., Smith, J. E., Kilgore, H., McNeill, C. 1990. Psychological factors that predict AIDS high-risk versus AIDS precautionary behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 58: 117–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., Kalichman, S. C., Kauth, M. K., Kilgore, H. G., Hood, H. V., Campos, P. E., Rao, S. M., Brasfield. T. L, St. Lawrence, J. S. 1991a. Situational factors associated with AIDS risk behavioral lapses and coping strategies used by gay men who successfully avoid lapses. American Journal of Public Health 81: 1335–1338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., St. Lawrence, J. S., Diaz, Y. E., Stevenson, L. Y., Hauth, A. C., Brasfield, T. L., Kalichman, S. C., Smith, J. E., Andrew, M. E. 1991b. HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: An experimental analysis. American Journal of Public Health 81: 168–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koester, S. 1989. The risk of HIV transmission from sharing water, drug-mixing containers, and cotton filters among intravenous drug users. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotarba, J. A. 1990. Ethnography and AIDS: Returning to the streets. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 19: 259–270. Kowalewski, M. 1988. Double stigma and boundary maintenance: How gay men deal with AIDS. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 17: 211–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvale, S., ed. 1989. Issues of Validity in Qualitative Research. Lund, Sweden: Studenlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Compte, N., Gietz, J. 1982. Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of Educational Research 52: 31–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lempert, L. 1992. The crucible: Violence, help-seeking, and abused women’s transformations of self. Doctoral dissertation presented to the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, T. L. 1987. Male clients of female street prostitutes: Unseen partners in sexual disease transmission. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(1): 41–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofland, J., Lofland, L. 1984. Analyzing Social Settings. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loner, W. J., Berry, J. W. 1986. Field Methods in Cross-Cultural Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loseke, D. R. 1992. The Battered Woman and Shelters: The Social Construction of Wife Abuse. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manwar, A., Johnson, B. D., Dunlop. E. 1994. Qualitative data analysis with hypertext: A case of New York City crack dealers. Qualitative Sociology 17: 283–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, G. E., Cushman, D. 1982. Ethnographies as texts. Annual Review of Anthropology 11: 25–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. L. 1987. The impact of AIDS on gay male sexual behavior in New York City. American Journal of Public Health 77: 578–581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. 1983. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. In: J. Van Maanen, ed., Qualitative Methodology (pp. 143–161 ). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M., Huberman, A. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H. G., Turner, C F., Moses, L. I., eds. 1990. AIDS: The Second Decade. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press. Morgan, D. L. 1988. Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyamathi, A., Vasquez, R. 1989. Impact of poverty, homelessness, and drugs on Hispanic women at risk for HIV infection. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 11(4): 299–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouellet, L., Jimenez, A., Johnson, W., Wiebel, W. 1991. Shooting galleries and HIV disease: Variations in places for injecting illicit drugs. Crime and Delinquency 27(1): 64–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. B. 1990. Shooting scenarios and risk of HIV infection. American Behavioral Scientist 33: 478–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page. J. B., Chitwood, D. D., Smith, P. C., McBride, D. C. 1990a. Intravenous drug abuse and HIV infection in Miami. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(1): 56–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. B., Smith, P. C., Kane, N. 1990b. Venous envy: The importance of having functional veins. Journal of Drug Issues 20(2): 287–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. B., Smith, P. C., Kane, N. 1990c. Shooting galleries, their proprietors, and implications for prevention of AIDS. Drugs and Society, 5 ( 12): 69–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polsky, N. 1967. Research method, mortality, and criminology. In: N. Polsky, Hustlers, Beats, and Others. New York: Anchor, pp. 109–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridder, L. 1981. Qualitative research and quasi-experimental frameworks. In: M. Brewer B. Collins, eds., Scientific Inquiry and the Social Sciences. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandstrom, K. L. 1990. Confronting deadly disease: The drama of identity construction among gay men with AIDS. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 19: 271–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spradley, J. 1980. Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stall, R., Heurtin-Roberts, S., McCusick, L., Hoff, C., Mouton, J., Lang, S. 1990. Sexual risk for HIV infection among bar patrons in San Francisco. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(1): 115–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stimson, G. 1989. Syringe-exchange programmes for injection drug users. AIDS 3: 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. 1987. Qualitative Analyses for Social Scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., Corbin, J. 1990. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. London: Sage. Tesch, R. 1989. Qualitative Research: Analyses Types and Software Tools. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesch, R. 1991. Introduction to the special issue, computers and qualitative data II. Qualitative Sociology 14: 225–243. Walters, J. 1980. What is ethnography? In: C. Akins and G. Beschner, eds., Ethnography: A Research Tool for Policy Makers in theDrug and Alcohol Fields. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, pp. 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watters, S. K. 1989. Observations on the importance of social context in HIV transmission among intravenous drug users. Journal of Drug Issues 19: 9–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkelstein, W., Samuel, M., Padian, N. S., Wiley, J. A., Lang, W., Anderson, W. E., Levy, J. A. 1987. The San Francisco mens’ health study: III. Reduction in human immunodeficiency virus transmission among homosexualbisexual men, 1982–1986. American Journal of Public Health 77: 685–689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T., Dunlap, E., Johnson, B. D., Hamid, A. 1992. Personal safety in dangerous places. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 21(3): 343–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worth, D. 1989. Sexual decision making and AIDS: Why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail. Studies of Family Planning 20(6): 297–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worth, D. 1990a. Minority women and AIDS: Culture, race and gender. In: D. Feldman, ed., Culture and AIDS. New York: Praeger, pp. 111–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worth, D. 1990b. Women at high risk of HIV infection: Behavioral, prevention and intervention aspects. In: D. Ostrow, ed., Behavioral Aspects of AIDS and other STD’s. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 101–119.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Willo Pequegnat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bryan Page
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anselm Strauss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hortensia Amaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Paul Goldstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Richard B. Fritz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Peter Adler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jeffrey Kelly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ali Manwar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Office of AIDS Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Parklawn, Room 10-75, 5600 Fishers Lane, 20857, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Willo Pequegnat  & Ellen Stover  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pequegnat, W. et al. (1995). Qualitative Inquiry An Underutilized Strategy in AIDS Research. In: Pequegnat, W., Stover, E. (eds) How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2393-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2393-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-44965-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2393-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation