Abstract
Various authors, including members of the Network, have identified facilitation as one of several forms of knowledge (K5) and abilities (A6) essential to the sound pursuit of the health care ethics consultation process.1 In this context, facilitation (an individual’s ability to make easy, to promote, to help forward an action or result) can be understood to comprise at least two quite different, but complementary activities.
From pp. 31 and 34.
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Notes and References
Jacqueline J. Glover, David T. Ozar, and David C. Thomasma, “Teaching Ethics on Rounds: The Ethicist as Teacher, Consultant, and Decision maker,” Theoretical Medicine 7 (1986): 19; Terrence F. Ackerman, “Moral Problems, Moral Inquiry, and Consultation in Clinical Ethics,” Clinical Ethics: Theory and Practice, Barry Hoffmaster, Benjamin Freedman, and Gwen Fraser (Clifton, NJ: Humana, 1989) 153; Françoise Baylis, A Profile of the Health Care Ethics Consultant, in this vol.
Terrence F. Ackerman, “The Role of an Ethicist in Health Care,” Health Care Ethics: A Guide for Decision makers, Gary R. Anderson and Valerie A. Glesnes-Anderson (Rockville, MD: Aspen, 1987) 313, 314.
Glover 19.
Jonathan D. Moreno, “Ethics Consultation as Moral Engagement,” Bioethics 5.1 (1991): 55.
John La Puma and David L. Schiedermayer, “Ethics Consultation: Skills, Roles, and Training,” Annals of Internal Medicine 114.2 (1991): 155–160.
The reference to those who “own” the moral problem is borrowed from F. Baylis, “Ethics Consultation: The Hospital for Sick Children Initiative” HEC Forum 3;5 (1991): 289. This notion may be fleshed out with reference to Christine Mitchell’s response to the question “who should decide about the goals of care?” Her response includes: those who bear the burden of both care and conscience; those with special knowledge (technical knowledge and experiential knowledge); and those health professionals with the most continuous, committed, and trusting relationship. Christine Mitchell, “Care of Severely Impaired Infant Raises Ethical Issues,” The American Nurse 16.3 (1984): 9.
For a comparison of the various activities, see L. N. Rangarajan, The Limitation of Conflict: A Theory of Bargaining and Negotiation (London: Croom, 1985 ) 258,259; more generally, see Paul Wehr, Conflict Regulation ( Boulder, CO: Westview, 1979 ).
Cf. Blair H. Sheppard, Kathryn Blumenfeld-Jones, and Jonelle Roth, “Informal Thirdpartyship: Studies of Everyday Conflict Intervention,” Mediation Research: The Process and Effectiveness of Third-Party Intervention, eds. Kenneth Kressel, Dean G. Pruitt and Associates. ( San Francisco, CA: Jossey, 1989 ) 166–189.
Cf. Steven J. Brams, Negotiation Games: Applying Game Theory to Bargaining and Arbitration (New York: Routledge, 1990); Howard Raiffa, The Art and Science of Negotiation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982 ); H. Peyton Young, Negotiation Analysis ( Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1992 ).
Cf Jay Folberg and Alison Taylor, Mediation: A Comprehensive Guide to Resolving Conflicts without Litigation (San Francisco, CA: Jossey, 1984); Sarah Childs Grebe, Karen Irvin, and Michael Lang, “A Model for Ethical Decision making in Mediation,” Mediation Quarterly 7 (1989): 133–48; Janice A. Roehl and Roger F. Cook, “Mediation in Interpersonal Disputes: Effectiveness and Limitations,” Mediation Research: The Process and Effectiveness of Third-Party Intervention, Kenneth Kressel, Dean G. Pruitt and Associates. ( San Francisco, CA: Jossey, 1989 ), 31–52.
Mary Beth West and Joan McIver Gibson, “Facilitating Medical Ethics Case Review: What Ethics Committees Can Learn from Mediation and Facilitation Techniques,” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 1 (1992): 63–74.
West 64.
West 71; cf William A. Donohue, “Communicative Competence in Mediators,” Mediation Research: The Process and Effectiveness of Third-Party Intervention, Kenneth Kressel, Dean G. Pruitt and Associates. ( San Francisco, CA: Jossey, 1989 ) 322–343.
Baylis, A Profile of the Health Care Ethics Consultation, p. 40.
Folberg 35.
Kent E. Menzel, “Judging the Fairness of Mediation: A Critical Framework,” Mediation Quarterly 9 (1991): 3–20; cf Folberg 245–250, regarding fairness in the context of mediation in divorce and family disputes.
West 66,67.
West 71; Bernard Mayer, “The Dynamics of Power in Mediation and Negotiation,” Mediation Quarterly 16 (1987): 78.
Cf Folberg 249.
West 69.
Bethany June Spielman, “A Mediation Model of Clinical Medical Ethics,” (unpublished).
With reference to ethics consultation, cf West 70; Joel Frader, “Politics and Interpersonal Aspects of Ethics Consultation,” Theoretical Medicine 13 (1992): 31–44; with reference to mediation more generally, cf Folberg 140.
Folberg 263 ff.
Raiffa 232.
Folberg 232–243.
Folberg 236 ff.
Folberg 240.
Folberg 237.
Folberg 241.
West 72.
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Lynch, A. (1994). “… Has Knowledge of [Interpersonal] Facilitation Techniques and Theory; Has the Ability to Facilitate [Interpersonally]… ”. In: Baylis, F.E. (eds) The Health Care Ethics Consultant. Contemporary Issues in Biomedicine, Ethics, and Society. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2305-2_4
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