Abstract
The concept of microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix was first introduced in 1947 by Mestwerdt.125 Microinvasive carcinoma (MICA) is considered a preclinical stage in the progressive spectrum of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and frank clinical invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri. It is classified as clinical stage Ia according to the 1985 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians) staging of carcinoma of the cervix (Table 8.1). Because the lesion cannot be visualized on gross inspection, the diagnosis is based on histologic examination of cervical tissue.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abell MR (1973) Invasive carcinomas of uterine cervix. In The Uterus, Norris HJ, Hertig AT, Abell MR (eds.) Internatl. Acad. Path. Monogr. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., pp 413–456
Abell MR, Gosling JRG (1962) Gland cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 83: 729
Abramson AL, Brandsma J, Steinberg B, Winkler B (1985) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx, possible human papillomavirus etiology. Arch Otolaryngol 111: 709
Albores-Saavedra J, Rodriguez-Martinez HA, LarrazaHernandez O (1979) Carcinoid tumors of the cervix. Pathol Annu 14: 273
Albores-Saavedra J, Larraza 0, Poucell S, Rodriguez-Martinez HA (1976) Carcinoid of the uterine cervix. Additional observation on a new tumor entity. Cancer 38: 2328
Alva J, Lauchlan SC (1975) The histogenesis of mixed cervical carcinomas. The concept ofendocervical columnar cell-dysplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 64: 20
Atkin NB (1976) Prognostic significance of ploidy level in human tumors. I. Carcinomas of the uterus. J Natl Cancer Inst 56: 909
Aurelian L, Schumann B, Marcus RL, Davis HJ (1973) Antibody to HSV-2-induced tumor specific antigens in serums from patients with cervical carcinoma. Science 181: 161
Azzopardi JG, Hou LT (1965) Intestinal metaplasia with argentaffin cells in cervical adenocarcinoma. J Pathol Bacteriol 90: 686
Baggish M, Woodruff JD (1971) Adenoid basal lesions of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 37: 807
Barron BA, Cahill MC, Richart RM (1978) A statistical model of the natural history of cervical neoplastic disease: The duration of carcinoma in situ. Gynecol Oncol 6: 196
Benedet JL, Anderson GH, Boyes DA (1985) Colposcopic accuracy in the diagnosis of microinvasive and occult invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 65: 557
Benson WL, Norris HJ (1977) A critical review of the frequency of lymph node metastasis and death from micro-invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 49: 632
Berdjis CC (1971) Pathology of Irradiation, 1st ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co.
Berek JS, Hacker NF, Fu YS, Sokale JR, Leuchter RC, Lagasse LD (1985) Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: Histologic variables associated with lymph node metastases and survival. Obstet Gynecol 65: 46
Berkowitz RS, Ehrmann RL, Lavizzo-Mourey R, Knapp RC (1979) Invasive cervical carcinoma in young women. Gynecol Oncol 8: 311
Berthelot P, Benhamon JP, Fauvert R (1961) Hypercorticisme et cancer de l’utérus. Nouv Presse Med 69: 1899
Bohm JW, Krupp PJ, Lee FYL, Batson HWK (1976) Lymph node metastasis in microinvasive epidermoid cancer of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 48: 65
Boon MA, Baak JPA, Kurver PJH, Overdiep SH, Verdonk GW (1981) Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix. An underdiagnosed lesion. Cancer 48: 768
Boronow RC, Averette HE, Nelson JH Jr., Richart RM, Townsend DE (1975) Defining cervical microinvasive carcinoma. Contemp Obstet Gynecol 5: 121
Bottles K, Winkler B, Lacey C, Stern J, Braga CA, Miller T Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the management of cervical carcinoma following primary therapy. Gynecol Oncol (In press)
Boyce JG, Fruchter RG, Nicastri AD, et al. (1984) Vascular invasion in stage I carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 53: 1175
Boyes DA, Worth AJ, Fidler HK (1970) The results of treatment of4389 cases ofpreclinical squamous carcinoma. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 77: 769
Brady LW, O’Neill EA, Farber SH (1977) Unusual sites of metastasis. Semin Oncol 4: 59
Burghart E, Holzer E (1977) Diagnosis and treatment of microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Obstet Gynecol 49: 641
Campos JL (1971) Mortality trends in carcinoma of the cervix uteri. J Chronic Dis 24: 701
Cherry CP, Glucksmann A (1955) Lymphatic embolism and lymph node metastasis in cancers of vulva and of uterine cervix. Cancer 8: 564
Christopherson WM, Parker JE (1964) Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A clinical-pathological study. Cancer 17: 1123
Christopherson WM, Nealon N, Gray LA, Sr (1979) Noninvasive precursor lesions of adenocarcinoma and mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Cancer 44: 975
Cid JM (1959) La pigmentation mélanique de l’endocervix. Un argument viscéral “neurogénique. ” Ann Anat Pathol 4: 617
Coppleson LW, Brown B (1975) Observations on a model of the biology of carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 122: 127
Coppleson M (1970) The origin and nature of premalignant lesions of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynecol Obstet 8: 539
Cramer DW (1974) The role of cervical cytology in the declining morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer. Cancer 34: 2018
Cramer DW, Cutler SJ (1974) Incidence and histopathology of malignancies of the female genital organs in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 118: 443
Creasman WT, Rutledge F, Fletcher GH (1970) Carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 36: 495
Creasman WT, Fetter BF, Clarke-Pearson DL, Kaufman L, Parker RT (1985) Managment of stage IA carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153: 164
Crissman JD, Makuch R, Budhraja M (1985) Histopathologic grading of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: An evaluation of 70 Stage lb patients. Cancer 55: 1590
Czernobilsky B, Moll R, Franke WW, Dallenbach-Hellweg G, Hohlweg-Majert P (1984) Intermediate filaments of normal and neoplastic tissues of the female genital tract with emphasis on problems of differential diagnosis. Pathol Res Pract 179: 31
Dallenbach-Hellweg G (1984) On the origin and histological structure of adenocarcinoma of the endocervix in women under 50 years of age. Pathol Res Pract 179: 38
Davis JR, Moon LB (1975) Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. Obstet Gynecol 45: 79
Deligdisch L, Escay-Martinez E, Cohen CJ (1984) Endo-cervical carcinoma: A study of 23 patients with clinicopathologic correlation. Gynecol Oncol 18: 326
Demian SDE, Bushkin FL, Echevarria RA (1973) Perineural invasion and anaplastic transformation of verrucous carcinoma. Cancer 32: 395
De Petrillo AD, Townsend DE, Morrow CP, Lickrish GM, Di Saia PJ, Roy M (1975) Colposcopic evaluation of the abnormal Papanicoleou test in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 441
Diddle AW (1972) Carcinoma of the cervix uteri with metastases to the neck. Cancer 29: 453
Dinh TV, Woodruff JD (1985) Adenoid cystic and adenoid basal carcinomas of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 65: 705
Di Saia PJ, Haverbeck BJ, Dyce BJ, Morrow CP (1975) Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 159
Dougherty CM, Cotten N (1964) Mixed squamous-cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: Combined, adenosquamous and mucoepidermoid types. Cancer 17: 1132
Dudan RC, Yon JL, Ford JH, Averette HE (1973) Carcinoma of the cervix and pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol 1: 283
Faaborg LL, Smith ML, Newland JR (1979) Case report: Uterine cervical and vaginal verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 8: 104
Fennell RH, Jr (1978) Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Obstet Gynecol Sury 33: 406
Fereczy A, Richart RM (1974) Female Reproductive System. Dynamics of Scan and Transmission Electron Microscopy, 1st ed. New York, John Wiley & Sons
Fetissof F, Berger G, Dubois MP, Arbeille-Brassart B, Lansac J, Sam-Giao M, Jobard P (1985) Endocrine cells in the female genital tract. Histopathology 9: 133
Fidler HK, Boyes DA, Worth AJ (1968) Cervical cancer
Carcinoma and Metastatic Tumors of the Cervix 253
detection in British Columbia. J Obstet Gynecol Br Cornmonw 75: 392
Forsberg JG (1983) Estrogen, vaginal cancer and vaginal development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 113: 83
Fox H, Kazzaz B, Langley FA (1964) Argyrophil and argentaffin cells in the female genital tract and in ovarian mucinous cysts. J Pathol Bacteriol 88: 479
Fu YS, Reagan JW, Fu AS, Janiga KE (1982) Adenocarcinoma bird mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix. II. Prognostic value of nuclear DNA analysis. Cancer 49: 2571
Fu YS, Reagan JW, Hsiu JG, Storaasli JP, Wentz WB (1982) Adenocarcinoma and mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix. I. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer 49: 2560
Fujii S, Konishi I, Ferenczy A, Imai K, Okamura H, Mori T (1986) Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ultrastruct Pathol 10: 337
Gallup DG, Harper RH, Stock RJ (1985) Poor prognosis in patients with adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 65: 416
Gardner HL, Parsons L (1962) Blood vessel invasion in cancer of the cervix. Cancer 15: 1269
Gilbert EF, Palladino A (1966) Squamous papillomas of the uterine cervix: Review of the literature and report of a giant papillary carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 46: 115
Gissman L (1984) Papillomaviruses and their association with cancer in animals and in man. Cancer Sury 3: 161
Glucksmann A, Cherry CP (1956) Incidence, histology and response to radiation of mixed carcinomas (adenoacanthomas) of the uterine cervix. Cancer 9: 971
Glucksmann A, Spear FG (1945) The qualitative and quantitative histological examination of biopsy material from patients treated by radiation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Br J Radiol 18: 313
Goellner JR (1976) Carcinoma of the cervix. Clinicopathologic correlation of 196 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 66: 775
Graham J, Graham R, Hirabayaski K (1968) Recurrent cancer of the cervix uteri. Surg Gynecol Obstet 126: 799
Graham S, Priore R, Graham M, Browne R, Burnett W, West D (1979) Genital cancer in wives of penile cancer patients. Cancer 44: 1870
Groben P, Reddick R, Askin F (1985) The pathologic spectrum of small cell carcinoma of the cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 4: 42
Halpin TF, Frick HC, Munnell EW (1972) Critical points of failure in the therapy of cancer of the cervix: A reappraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 114: 755
Hameed K (1968) Clear cell “mesonephric” carcinoma of uterine cervix. Obstet Gynecol 32: 564
Hart WR, Norris HJ (1972) Cervix adenocarcinoma of mesonephric type. Cancer 29: 106
Hasumi K, Sakamoto A, Sugano H (1980) Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer 45: 928
Hepler TK, Dockerty MB, Randall LM (1952) Primary adenocarcinoma of cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 63: 800
Herbst AL, Cole P, Norusis MJ, Welch WR, Scully RE (1979) Epidemiologic aspects and factors related to survival in 384 Registry cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 135: 876
Hoskins WJ, Averette HE, Ng ABP, Yon JL (1979) Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix uteri: Report of six cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 7: 371
Hurlimann J, Gloor E (1984) Adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. An immunohistologic study with antibodies specific for several epithelial markers. Cancer 54: 103
Hurt WG, Silverberg SG, Frable WJ, Belgrad R, Crooks LD (1977) Adenocarcinoma of the cervix: Histopathologic and clinical features. Am J Obstet Gynecol 129: 304
Inoue T (1984) Prognostic significance of the depth of invasion relating to nodal metastases, parametrial extension and cell types. Cancer 54: 3035
Inoue T, Okumura M (1984) Prognostic significance of parametrial extension in patients with cervical carcinoma stages Ib, IIa and IIb. Cancer 54: 1714
Inoue T, Chihara T, Morita K (1984) The prognostic significance of the size of the largest nodes in metastatic carcinoma from the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 19: 187
Jennings RH, Barclay DL (1972) Verrucous carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 30: 430
Jones HW, Plymate S, Gluck FB, Miles PA, Greene JF (1976) Small cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma of the cervix associated with ACTH production. Cancer 38: 1629
Jones WH, Droegemueller W, Makowski ELA (1971) A primary melanocarcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 111: 959
Kagan AR, Nussbaum H, Chan P. Ziel HK (1973) Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 117: 464
Kaku T, Enjoji M (1983) Extremely well differentiated adenocarcinoma (“adenoma malignum”) of the cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2: 28
Kaminski PF, Maier RC (1983) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix unrelated to diethylstilbestrol exposure. Ob-stet Gynecol 62: 720
Kaminski PF, Norris HJ (1984) Coexistence of ovarian neoplasms and endocervical adenocarcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 64: 553
Kaminski PF, Norris HJ (1983) Minimal deviation carcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2: 141
Kanbour AI, Klionsky B, Murphy AI (1974) Carcinoma of the vagina following cervical cancer. Cancer 34: 1838
Kashimura M, Tsukamoto N, Matsukama K, Matsuyama T, Sugimore H, Taki I (1984) Verrucous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Report of a case with follow-up of 61/2 years. Gynecol Oncol 19: 204
Kato H, Morioka H, Aramaki S, Tamai K, Torigou T (1983) Prognostic significance of tumor antigen TA-4 in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145: 350
Ketcham AS, Hoye RC, Taylor PT, Deckers PJ, Thomas LB, Chretien PB (1971) Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer 28: 1271
Kiang DT, Bauer GE, Kennedy BT (1973) Immunoassay-able insulin in carcinoma of the cervix associated with hypoglycemia. Cancer 31: 801
Kirk ME (1974) Carcinoma of the cervix, stage Ia. Human Pathol 5: 253
Kjorstad KE, Orjasaeter H (1984) The prognostic significance of carcinoembryonic antigen determinations in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 19: 284
Kolbenstvedt A, Kolstad P (1974) Pelvic lymph node dissection under preoperative lymphographie control. Gynecol Oncol 2: 39
Korhonen MD (1984) Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Prognosis and prognostic significance of histology. Cancer 53: 1760
Korhonen M, Stenback F (1984) Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix. Gynecol Obstet Invest 17: 57
Koss LG, Brannan CD, Ashikari R (1970) Histologic and ultrastructural features of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Cancer 26: 1271
Kraus FT (1973) Irradiation changes in the uterus. In The Uterus, Norris HJ, Hertig AT, Abell MR (eds.) Internal. Acad. Pathol. Monograph. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., pp 457–488.
Kraus FT, Perez-Mesa C (1966) Verrucous carcinoma. Cancer 19: 26
Kyriakos M, Kempson RL, Perez CA (1971) Carcinoma of the cervix in young women. Obstet Gynecol 38: 930
Lancaster WD, Castellano C, Santos C, Delgado G, Kur-man RJ, Jenson AB (1986) Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervical carcinoma from primary and metastatic sites. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154: 115
Lathrop JC (1967) Views and reviews: Malignant pelvic lymphomas. Obstet Gynecol 30: 137
Latour JPA (1961) Results in the management of preclinical carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 81: 511
Lauchlan SC (1984) Metaplasias and neoplasias of mĂĽllerian epithelium. Histopathology 8: 543
Lehn H, Ernst TM, Sauer G (1984) Transcription of episomal papillomavirus DNA in human condylomata acuminata and Buschke-Lowenstein tumors. J Gen Virol 65: 2003
Leman MH, Benson WL, Kurman RJ, Park RC (1976) Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 48: 571
Lemoine NR, Hall PA (1986) Epithelial tumors metastatic to the uterine cervix. A study of 33 cases and review of the literature. Cancer 57: 2238
Littman P, Clement PB, Henriksen B, Wang CC, Robboy SJ, Taft PD, Ulfelder H, Scully RE (1976) Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 37: 2238
Lohe KJ (1978) Early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. I. Definition and histology. Gynecol Oncol 6: 10
Lohe KJ (1978) Early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. III. Frequency of lymph node metastases. Gynecol Oncol 6: 51
Lucas WE, Benirschke K, Lebherz TB (1974) Verrucous carcinoma of the female genital tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 119: 435
Lucia SP, Mills H, Lowenhaupt E, Hunt ML (1952) Visceral involvement in primary neoplastic diseases of the reticuloendothelial system. Cancer 5: 1193
Maier RC, Norris HJ (1980) Coexistence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with primary adenocarcinoma of the endocervix. Obstet Gynecol 56: 361
Martial VA, Bosch A (1970) Radiation-induced tumor regression in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Prognostic significance. Am J Roentgenol 108: 113
Martzloff KH (1923) Carcinoma of the cervix uteri: A pathological and clinical study with particular reference to the relative malignancy of the neoplastic process as indicated by the predominant cell of cancer cell. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 34: 141, 184
Maruo T, Shibata K, Kimura A, Hoshina M, Mochizuki M (1985) Tumor-associated antigen, TA-4, in the monitoring of the effects of therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 56: 302
Mazur MT, Battifora HA (1982) Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Ultrastructure, immunofluorescence and criteria for diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 494
Mazur MT, Hsueh S, Gersell DJ (1984) Metastases to the female genital tract, analysis of 325 cases. Cancer 53: 1978
McGowan L, Young RH, Scully RE (1980) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with “adenoma malignum” of the cervix. A report of two cases. Gynecol Oncol 10: 125
McKelvey JL, Goodlin RR (1963) Adenoma malignum of the cervix: A cancer of deceptively innocent histologic pattern. Cancer 16: 549
McNutt NS, Weinstein RS (1969) Carcinoma of the cervix. Deficiency of nexus intercellular junctions. Science 165: 597
Menczner J, Modan B, Oelsner G, Sharon Z, Steintiz R, Sampson S (1978) Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in Jewish women. A distinct epidemiologic entity. Cancer 41: 2464
Mestwerdt G (1947) Probeexzision and kolposkopie in des fruhdiagnose des portiokarcinoms. Zentr Gynak 4: 326
Michael H, Grawe L, Kraus FT (1984) Minimal deviation endocervical adenocarcinoma: Clinical and histologic features, immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and differentiation from confusing benign lesions. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 3: 261
Miles PA, Norris HJ (1971) Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix: An analysis of 12 cases. Obstet Gynecol 38: 103
Moll R, Levy R, Czernobilsky B, Hohlweg-Majert P, Dallenbach-Hellweg G, Franke WW (1983) Cytokeratins of normal epithelial and some neoplasms of the female genital tract. Lab Invest 49: 599
Mullins JD, Hilliard GD (1981) Cervical carcinoid (“argyrophil cell” carcinoma) associated with an endocervical adenocarcinoma: A light and ultrastructural study. Cancer 47: 785
Ng ABP, Reagan JW, Lindner EA (1972) The cellular manifestations of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Acta Cytol 16: 5
Noda K, Kimura K, Ikeda M, Teshima K (1983) Studies 150. on the histogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1: 336
Nogales F, Bottela-Llusia J (1965) The frequency of invasion of the lymph nodes in cancer of the uteri cervix: A 151. study of the degree of extension in relation to the histological type of tumor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 93: 91
Nunez C, Abdul-Karim FW, Somrak TM (1985) Glassy 152. cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Acta Cytol 29: 303
Okagaki T, Meyer AA, Sciarra JJ (1974) Prognosis of irradiated carcinoma of cervix uteria and nuclear DNA in cyto- 153. logic post-irradiation dysplasia. Cancer 33: 647
Okagaki T, Clark BA, Zachow KR, et al. (1984) Presence of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman) of the vagina. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108: 567 154.
Ostör AG, Pagano R, Davoren RAM, Fortune DW, Chanen W, Rome R (1984) Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 3: 179 155.
Palmer JP, Spratt DW (1956) Pelvic carcinoma following irradiation for benign gynecological diseases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 72: 497 156.
Papadia S (1962) Mutinous patterns in epidermoid carcinomas. Gynecologia 153: 337
Park RC, Patow WE, Rogers RE, Zimmerman EA (1973) Treatment of stage I carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 41: 117
Patridge EE, Murad T, Shingleton HM, Austin JM, Hatch KD (1980) Verrucous lesions of the female genitalia. I. Giant condylomata. Am J Obstet Gynecol 137: 412
Patridge EE, Murad T, Shingleton HM, Austin JM, Hatch KD (1980) Verrucous lesions of the female genitalia. II. Verrucous carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 137: 419
Patten SF Jr., Reagan JW, Obenauf M, Ballard L (1963) Post-irradiation dysplasia of uterine cervix and vagina. An analytical study of cells. Cancer 16: 173
Pilleron JP, Durand JC, Hamelin JP (1974) Location of lymph node invasion in cancer of the uterine cervix: Study of 140 cases treated at the Curie Foundation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 119: 453
Prempree T, Amornmarn R, Wizenberg MJ (1985) A therapeutic approach to primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 56: 1264
Puri S, Fenoglio CM, Richrat RM, Townsend DE (1977) Clear cell carcinoma of cervix and vagina in progeny of women who received diethylstilbestrol: Three cases with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Am J Ob-stet Gynecol 128: 550
Qizilbash A-H (1975) In situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. A clinical, cytologic and histologic study of 14 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 64: 155
Rampone JF, Klem W, Kolstad P (1973) Combined treatment of stage Ib carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 41: 163
Reagan JW (1974) Cellular pathology and uterine cancer.
Reagan JW, Ng ABP (1973) The cellular manifestations of uterine carcinogeneis. In The Uterus, Norris NJ, Hertig 166 AT, Abell MR (eds.) Internatl. Acad. Path. Monogr. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., pp 320–347. 167
Report of the Task Force of the Department of National Health and Welfare of Canada. Cervical cancer screening programs. The Walton Report. Cana Med Assoc J 144: 2
Richard L, Guralnick M, Ferenczy A (1981) Ultrastructure of glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. Diagn Gynecol Obstet 3: 31
Richart RM, Barron BA (1969) A follow-up study of patients with cervical dysplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 105: 386
Robboy SJ, Herbst AL, Scully RE (1974) Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young females: Analysis of 37 tumors that persisted or recurred after primary therapy. Cancer 34: 606
Roche WD, Norris HJ (1975) Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. The significance of lymphatic invasion and confluent patterns of stromal growth. Cancer 36: 180
Rosen Y, Dolan TE (1975) Carcinoma of the cervix with cylindromatous features believed to arise in mesonephric duct. Cancer 36: 1739
Sassoon AF, Said JW, Nash G, Shintaku IP, Banks-Schlegel S (1985) Involucrin in intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix: An immunohistochemical study. Human Pathol 16: 467
Scully RE, Aguirre P, De Lellis RA (1984) Argyrophilia, serotonin and peptide hormones in the female genital tract and its tumors. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 3: 51
Sedlis A, Sall S, Tsukada Y, Park R, Mangan C, Shingleton H, Blessing JA (1979) Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A clinical-pathologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 133: 64
Seltzer V, Sall S, Castadot MJ, Muradian-Davidian M, Sedlis A (1979) Glassy cell cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 8: 141
Seski JC, Abell MR, Morley GW (1977) Microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Definition, histologic analysis, late results of treatment. Obstet Gynecol 50: 410
Sevin BU, Nadji M, Greening SE, Ng ABP, Nordqvist SRB, Girtanner, Averette HE (1980) Fine needle aspiration cytology in gynecologic oncology: Early detection of occult persistent or recurrent cancer after radiation therapy. Gynecol Oncol 9: 351
Sidhu GS, Koss LG, Barber HRK (1970) Relation of histologic factors to the response of stage I epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix to surgical treatment: Analysis of 115 patients. Obstet Gynecol 35: 329
Silverberg E (1985) Cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin 30: 23
SG, Hurt WG (1975) Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (“adenoma malignum”) of the cervix: A reappraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 971
Sotto LSJ, Graham JB, Pickren JW (1960) Post-mortem findings in cancer of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 80: 791
Stall A, Mattingly RF (1975) Angiogenesis of cervical neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121: 845
Stall A, Friedrich EG Jr., Mattingly RF (1973) Detection of cervical neoplasia. Reducing the risk of error. Clin Obstet Gynecol 16: 238
Stern E (1969) Epidemiology of dysplasia. Obstet Gynecol Sury 24: 711
Taki I, Sugimori H, Matsuyama T, Kashimura Y, Yoshino T (1979) Treatment of microinvasive carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol Sury 34: 839
Tateishi R, Wada A, Hayakawa K, Hongo J, Ishii S, Terakawa N (1975) Argyrophil cell carcinomas (apudomas) of the uterine cervix. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Histol 366: 257
Teshima S, Shimosato Y, Kishi K, Kasamatsu T, Ohmi K, Uei Y (1985) Early stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer 56: 167
Tsukamoto N, Nakamura M, Kashimura M, Saito (1980) Primary cervical choriocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 9: 99
Twombley GH, Di Palma S (1951) Growth and spread of cancer of cervix uteri. Am J Roentgenol 65: 691
Ueda G, Yamasaki M, Inoue M, Tanaka Y, Hiramatsu K, Inoue Y, Abe Y (1984) Immunohistochemical demonstration of peptide hormones in cervical adenocarcinomas with argyrophil cells. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 2: 373
Ueda G, Inoue Y, Yamasaki M, Inoue M, Tanaka Y, Hiramatsu K, Saito J, Nishino T, Abe Y (1984) Immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor antigen TA-4 in gynecologic tumors. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 3: 291
Van Nagell JR, Greenwell N, Powell DF, Donaldson ES, Hanson MS, Gay EC (1983) Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145: 981
Villasanta U (1972) Complications of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 114: 717
Wahlstrom T, Lindgren J, Korhonen M, Seggala M (1979) Distinction between endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma with immunoperoxidase staining of carcinoembryonic antigen in routine histological tissue specimens. Lancet 2: 1159
Way S (1980) Carcinoma metastatic to the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 9: 298
Weisbort IM, Stabinsky C, Davis AM (1972) Adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Cancer 29: 1179
Wentz WB, Reagan JW (1970) Clinical significance of post-irradiation dysplasia of the uterine cervix. Am J Ob-stet Gynecol 106: 812
Wheeless CR, Graham R, Graham JB (1970) Prognosis and treatment of adenoepidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 35: 928
White CD, Morley GW, Kumar NB (1984) The prognostic significance of tumor emboli in lymphatics or vascular spaces of the cervical stroma in stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149: 342
Wolff JP, Lacour J, Chassagne D, Berend M (1972) Cancer of the cervical stump. Obstet Gynecol 39: 10
Yajima A, Fukuda M, Noda K (1984) Histopathological findings concerning the morphogenesis of mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 18: 157
Yamaski M, Tateishi R, Hongo J, Ozaki Y, Inoue M, Ueda G (1984) Argyrophil small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3: 146
Yee C, Krishnan-Hewlett I, Baker CC, Schlegel R, Howley PM (1985) Presence and expression of human papillomavirus sequences in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. Am J Pathol 119: 361
Yoshikawa H, Matsukara T, Yamamoto E, Kawana T, Mizuno M, Yoshiike K (1985) Occurrence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 DNA in cervical carcinomas from Japan: Age of patients and histological type of carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 76: 667
Young RH, Welch WR, Dickersin R, Scully RE (1982) Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules. Review of 74 cases including 27 with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and four with adenoma malignum of the cervix. Cancer 50: 1384
Zhang YC, Zhang PF, Wei YH (1983) Metastatic carcinoma of the cervix uteri from the gastrointestinal tract. Gynecol Oncol 15: 287
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferenczy, A., Winkler, B. (1987). Carcinoma and Metastatic Tumors of the Cervix. In: Kurman, R.J. (eds) Blaustein’s Pathology of the Female Genital Tract. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1942-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1942-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1944-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1942-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive