Abstract
The first step in urine formation begins with a passive process of ultrafiltration at the glomerulus. The term “ultrafiltration” refers to the passage of protein-free fluid from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space. We begin this chapter with a description of the structure of the glomerulus followed by a detailed analysis of the passive forces governing the process of glomerular ultrafiltration, including the functional characteristics of the filtration barrier and the composition of the ultrafiltrate.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aikens B, Eenboom A, Bohle A: Untersuchungen zur Struktur des Glomerulum. Rekonstruktion eines Rat¬tenglomerulum an 0,5 u dicken Serienschnitten. Vir¬chows Arch Pathol Anat 1979; 381: 283–293.
Arendshorst WJ, Gottschalk, WW: Glomerular Ul¬trafiltration dynamics: Historical perspective. Am J Physiol 1985; 248: F163 - F174.
Bankir L, Farman N: Heterogeneite des glomerulus chez le lapin. Arch Anat Microsc 1973; 62: 281–291.
Baylis C, Deen WM, Myers BD, Brenner BM: Effect of some vasodilator drugs on transcapillary fluid ex¬change in the renal cortex. Am J Physiol 1976; 230: 1148–1158. 20.
Bennett CM, Glassock RJ, Chang RLS, et al: Perm-selectivity of the glomerular capillary wall. Studies of experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using dex¬tran sulfate. J Clin Invest 1976; 57: 1287–1294.
Blantz RC, Konnen KS, Tucker BJ: Glomerular filtration response to elevated ureteral pressure in both the hydropenic and the plasma-expanded rats. Circ Res 1975; 37: 819–829.
Brenner BM, Baylis C, Deen WM: Transport of molecules across renal glomerular capillaries. Physiol Rev 1976; 56: 502–534.
Brenner BM, Falchuk KH, Keimowitz RI, Berliner RW: The relationship between peritubular capillary protein concentration and fluid reabsorption by the renal proximal tubule. J Clin Invest 1969; 48: 1519–1531.
Brenner BM, Hostetter TH, Humes HD: Molecular basis of proteinuria of glomerular origin. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 826–833.
Brenner BM, Hostetter TH, Humes HD: Glomerular permselectivity: Barrier function based on discrimination of molecular size and charge. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: F455 - F460.
Brenner BM, Troy JL, Daugharty TM: The dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 1776–1780.
Brenner BM, Troy JL, Daugharty TM, et al: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. II. Plasma-flow dependence of GFR. Am J Physiol 1972; 223: 1184–1190.
Chang RLS, Robertson CR, Deen WM, Brenner BM: Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. I. Theoretical considerations. Biophys J 1975; 15: 861–886.
Chang RLS, Ueki IF, Troy JL, et al: Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. II. Experimental observations in the rat. Biophys J 1975; 15: 887–906.
Chang RLS, Deen WM, Robertson CR, Brenner BM: Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall: III. Restricted transport of polyanions. Kidney Int 1975; 8: 212–218.
Deen WM, Bohrer MP, Brenner BM: Macromolecule transport across glomerular capillaries: Application of pore theory. Kidney Im 1979; 16: 353–365.
Deen WM, Robertson CR, Brenner BM: A model of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. Am J Physiol 1972; 223: 1178–1183.
Deen WM, Troy JL, Robertson CR, Brenner BM: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. IV. Determination of ultrafiltration coefficient. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 1500–1508.
Dworkin LD, Ichikawa I, Brenner BM: Hormonal modulation of glomerular function. Am JPhysiol 1983; 244: F95 - F104.
Elema JD, Hoyer JR, Vernier RL: The glomerular mesangium: Uptake and transport of intravenously injected colloidal carbon in rats. Kidney Int 1976; 9: 395–406.
Farquhar, M. G.: The glomerular basement mem-brane, in Hay ED (ed). Cell Biology of the Extracellular Matrix. New York, Plenum Press, 1982, pp 335–378.
Harris CA, Bauer PG, Chirito E, Dirks JH: Composition of mammalian glomerular ultrafiltrate. Am J Physiol 1974; 227: 972–976.
Karnovsky MJ: The ultrastructure of glomerular filtration. Ann Rev Med 1979; 30: 213–224.
Knox FG, Cuche JL, Ott CE, et al: Regulation of glomerular filtration and proximal tubule reabsorption. Circ Res (suppl I) 1975; 36–37: I107 - I118.
Koushanpour E: Renal Physiology: Principles and Functions, ed 1. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1976.
Kreisberg JI: Contractile properties of the glomerular mesangium. Fed Proc 1983; 42: 3053–3057.
Latta H, Johnston WH, Stanley TM: Sialoglycoproteins and filtration barriers in the glomerular capillary wall. J Ultrastruct Res 1975; 51: 354–376.
Ludwig C: Beitrage Zur Lehre vom Mechanismus der Harnsecretion. Marburg, Elwert, 1843.
Maddox DA, Deen WM, Brenner BM: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltrtion. VI. Studies in the primate. Kidney Int 1974; 5: 271–278.
Michael AF, Keane WF, Raij L, et el: The glomerular mesangium. Kidney Int 1980; 17: 141–154.
Murakami T: Glomerular vessels of the rat kidney. A scanning electron microscope study of corrosion casts. Arch Histol Jpn 1972; 34: 87.
Myers BD, Deen WM, Brenner BM: Effects of nor-epinephrine and angiotensin II on the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration and proximal tubule fluid reabsorption in the rat. Circ Res 1975; 37: 101–110.
Peter K: Untersuchungen uber Bau und Entwicklung der Niere. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1909.
Pitts R F: Physiology of the Kidney and Body Fluids, ed 3. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc, 1974.
Rennke HG, Venkatachalam MA: Structural deter-minants of glomerular permselectivity. Fed Proc 1977; 36: 2619–2626.
Rodewald R, Karnovsky MJ: Porous substructure of the glomerular slit diaphragm in the rat and mouse. J Cell Biol 1974; 60: 423–433.
Shea SM: Glomerular hemodynamics and vascular structure: The pattern and dimensions of a single rat glomerular capillary network reconstructed from ultrathin sections. Microvasc Res 1979; 18: 129–143.
Shea SM, Morrison AB: A stereological study of the glomerular filter in the rat. Morphometry of the slit diaphragm and basement membrane. J Cell Biol 1975; 67: 436–443.
Taugner R, Schiller A, Kaissling B, Kriz W: Gap junctional coupling between the JGA and the glomerular tuft. Cell Tissue Res 1978; 186: 279–285.
Thurau K: Renal hemodynamics Am J Med 1964; 36: 698–719.
Tisher CC: Anatomy of the kidney, in Brenner BM, Rector FC (eds): The Kidney, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, vol 1, 1976, pp 3–64.
Tucker BJ, Blantz RC: An analysis of the determinants of nephron filtration rate. Am J Physiol 1977; 232: F477 - F483.
Venkatachalam MA, Rennke HG: The structural and molecular basis of glomerular filtration. Circ Res 1978; 43: 337–347.
Wearn JT, Richards AN: Observations on the composition of glomerular urine, with particular reference to the problem of reabsorption in the renal tubule. Am J Physiol 1924; 71: 209–227.
Wiederhelm CA, Woodbury JW, Kirk S, Rushmer RF: Pulsatile pressures in the microcirculation of frog’s mesentery. Am J Physiol 1964; 207: 173–176.
Windhager EE: Micropuncture Technique and Nephron Function. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koushanpour, E., Kriz, W. (1986). Formation of Glomerular Ultrafiltrate. In: Renal Physiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1912-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1912-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1914-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1912-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive