Abstract
As adults in a Western culture, most of us have come to learn to control the extent to which, and the ways in which, we nonverbally display our emotions and attitudes. We may hide our feelings of disgust. Our anger may be partially concealed with a fixed smile. There are even situations in which we may wish to conceal our positive attitudes; for instance, in a bargaining exchange.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Buck, R. Nonverbal communication of affect in preschool children: Relationships with personality and skin conductance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, 35, 225–236.
Bugental, D. B., Caporael, L., & Shennum, W. A. Experimentally produced child uncontrollability: Effects on the potency of adult communication patterns. Child Development, 1980, 51, 520–528.
Bugental, D. B., Henker, B., & Whalen, C. K. Attributional antecedents of verbal and vocal assertiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1976, 34, 405–411.
Bugental, D. B. & Love, L. R. Nonassertive expression of parental approval and disapproval and its relationship to child disturbance. Child Development, 1975, 46, 747–752.
Bugental, D. B. & Moore, B. S. Effects of induced moods on voice affect. Developmental Psychology, 1979, 15, 664–665.
Charlesworth, W. R. & Kreutzer, M. A. Facial expressions of infants and children. In P. Ekman (Ed.), Darwin and facial expression. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Ekman, P. Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. K. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1971.
Ekman, P. Facial expression. In A. W. Siegman and S. Feldstein (Eds.), Nonverbal behavior and communication. New York: Erlbaum, 1978.
Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. Nonverbal leakage and clues to deception. Psychiatry, 1969, 32, 83–105.
Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. Detecting deception from the body or face. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1974, 29, 288–298.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Scherer, K. R. Body movement and voice pitch in deceptive interaction. Semiotica, 1976, 16, 23–27.
Ekman, P., Roper, G., & Hager, J. C. Deliberate facial movement. Child Development, 1980, 51, 886–891.
Feldman, R. S., Devin-Sheehan, L., & Allen, V. L. Nonverbal cues as indicators of verbal dissembling. American Educational Research Journal, 1978, 15, 217–231. Feldman, R. S., Jenkins, L., and Popoola, O. Detection of deception in adults and children via facial expressions. Child Development, 1979, 50, 350–355.
Feldman, R. S. & White, J. B. Detecting deception in children. Journal of Communication, 1980, 30, 121–128.
Hall, J. A. Gender differences in nonverbal communication skills. In R. Rosenthal (Ed.), Quantitative assessment of research domains. San Franscisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980.
Holzman, P. S. & Rousey, C. The voice as a percept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 4, 78–86.
Maccoby, E. E. & Jacklin, C. N. The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1974.
Moore, B. S. & Underwood, B. The development of prosocial behavior. In S. S. Brehm, S. M. Kassin, and B. F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Developmental social psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Morris, D. Manwatching: A field guide to human behavior. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1977.
Murray, A. D. Infant crying as an elicitor of parental behavior: An examination of two models. Psychological Bulletin, 1979, 86, 191–215.
Odom, R. D. & Lemond, C. M. Developmental differences in the perception and production of facial expressions. Child Development, 1972, 43, 359–369.
Saarni, C. Children’s understanding of display rules for expressive behavior. Developmental Psychology, 1979, 15, 424–429.
Snyder, M. Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1974, 30, 526–537.
Streeter, L. A., Krauss, R. M., Geller, V., Olson, C., & Apple, W. Pitch changes during attempted deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, 35, 345–350.
Weitz, S. Attitude, voice, and behavior: A repressed affect model of interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 24, 14–21.
Zuckerman, M., DeFrank, R. S., Hall, J. A., Larrance, D. T., & Rosenthal, R. Facial and vocal cues of deception and honesty. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1979, 15, 378–396.
Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. Verbal and nonverbal communication of deception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 14 ). New York: Academic Press, 1981.
Zuckerman, M., Larrance, D. T., Spiegel, N. H., & Klorman, R. Controlling nonverbal cues: Facial expressions and tone of voice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1981, 17, 506–524.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shennum, W.A., Bugental, D.B. (1982). The Development of Control over Affective Expression in Nonverbal Behavior. In: Feldman, R.S. (eds) Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Children. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1761-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1761-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1763-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1761-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive