Abstract
Since 1850 the geographical ranges of many helminths of fish have increased as a result of the intercontinental and transcontinental transportation of parasitized fish due to transportation. The ease with which helminths are established in new areas depends on the complexity of the life cycle. Helminths such as Monogenoidea, which develop without intermediate hosts and in which swimming larvae infest fish, have been most frequently transferred. They have been moved to new continents with food, sport, and ornamental fish. MonoNeneans have been translocated from Europe to North America and vice versa, and from East Asia to Europe. The establishment of helminths requiring two hosts has been less frequent, but a considerable number have been transferred and a few have become widely distributed. Cestodes (Proteocephalidae,.Bothriocephalidae) and nematodes (Philometridae) that develop in cosmopolitan copepods or oligochaetes (Caryophyllaeidae) have also been transferred. Helminths which have more than two hosts and a complicated life cycle, such as trematodes, are usually not successfully introduced with the fish host.
The translocation of dangerous fish parasites can be avoided by inspection of the fish and the control and eradication of the parasites before the fish are shipped.
Zusammenfassung
Seit 1850 haben viele Helminthen der Süsswasserfische neue Gewässer besiedelt, was mit der Fischbeförderung verknüpft ist. Diese Beförderungen waren wie interkontinental so auch transkontinental. Die Möglichkeit der Akklimatisierung der Helminthen beruht auf den Besonderheiten ihres Lebenskreises. Helminthen, die wie Monogenoidea ohne Zwischenwirte sich entwickeln und den Fisch mit Hilfe einer schwimmenden Larve befallen, akklimatisieren sich am leichtesten. Sie werden mit Speise-, Sport- und Zierfischen in die Gewässer neuer Kontinente eingeschleppt. Monogeneen wurden von Europa nach Nordamerika und vice versa, von Ostasien nach Europa usw befördert. Akklimatisierung der Helminthen, deren Entwicklung zwei Wirte fordert, wird nicht so oft beobachtet, doch einige Arten von solchen wurden recht weit verbreitet. Cestoden (Proteocephalidae, Bothriocephalidae) und Nematoden (Philometridae), die in kosmopolitischen Copepoden, so auch Cestoden (Carophyllaeidae), die sich in kosmopolitischen Oligochaeten entwickeln, wurden in viele neue Gewässer eingeschleppt. Helminthen, die mehr als zwei Wirte in ihrem komplizierten Lebenskreis haben, wie zum Beispiel die Trematoden, werden meistens mit den beförderten Fischen nicht akklimatisiert.
Damit man der Einschleppung der pathogenen Fischparasiten vorbeugen kann, soll man eine Inspizierung der Fische und die Ausrottung der Parasiten vor der Beförderung der Fische durchführen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
Akhmerov, A. H. 1948. New species of Monogenaa from gills of amur wild carp and its distribution. Izv. GOSNIORCH,27: 232–234 (in Russian).
Babayev, B. 1965. Distribution of Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 (Cestoda, Psuedophyllidea) in the water bodies of Kara-Kum Canal, Zool. Ah. 44 (9): 1407–1408. (in Russian).
Bauer, O. N. and Y+ u. A. Strelkov. 1972. The effect of acclimatization and transportation on fish parasite fauna. Izv. WNIORCh, 80: 123–131. (in Russian).
Dogiel, V. A. and B. E. Bychovsky, 1934. Parasite fauna of fish of the Aral Sea. Parazitol. Sb. 4: 24–346 (in Russian).
Dogiel V. A. and A. S. Lutta, 1937. On mortality of sturgeon in the Aral Sea in 1936. Rybn. Khoz., N. 12: 26–27. (in Russian).
Edwards,:D. J. and P. M. Hine. 1974. Introduction, preliminary handling, and diseases of grass carp in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 8(3): 441–454.
Fernando, C. H. and J. Y. Furtado, 1962. Some studies on helminth parasites of freshwater fishes. Proc. Reg. Symp. Se. Knowl. Trop. Parasites. ( Univ. of Singapore ) 1: 5–9.
Hoffman, G. L. 1970. Intercontinental and trancontinental dissemination and transportation of fish parasites with emphasis on whirling disease. In A Symposium on Diseases-of Fishes and Shellfishes (S. F. Snieszko, ed.). Am. Fish. Soe. Spec. Publ. No. 5: 69–81.
Kollman, A. 1967. Ein fUr Westdeutsehland neur Dactylogyrus an den Kiemen der Karpfen. Fischwirt. 5: 119–125.
Korting, W. 1974. Die Bothriocephalose der Karpfen. Vet. Med. Nachr. N. 2: 152–158.
Kulakovskaya, O. P. and B. A. Krotas. 1961. On Khawia sinensis Hsu (Caryophyllaidae, Cestoda)-a parasite transferred from Far East to the fish farms of the USSR western districts. Do. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 127 (5) 1253–1255 (in Russian).
Liao, Hsiang-hua and Shin Lea-chang. 1956. On biology and control of Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, a Bestode parasitizing young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Acts Hydrobiol. Sinica 2: ( Chinese; Russian and English summary ).
Malevitskaya, M. A. 1958. On the transfer of a parasite of complex development. Bèthrioceehalus gowkongensis Yeh, during acclimatization of Amur fishes. Dekl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 123(3): 572–575 (in Russian).
Meier-Brook, C. 1975. A snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni intorduced to Hong Kong. World Health Org., WHO/SCHISTO/85. 37.
Molnar, K. 1968. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fisch Parasiten in Ungarn. 3. Weitere Monogeneidenarten aus Flehen, Acta. Vet. Acd. Sei. Hung. 18 (3) 295–311.
Molnar, K. 1970. An attempt to treat fish bothriocephalosis with devermin. Acta. Vet. Acd. Sei. Hung. 20(3): 325–331.
Molnar, K. 1972. Studies on gill parasitosis of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) caused by Dactylogyrus lamellatus Achmerov, 1952. IV. Histopathological changes. Acta Vet. Aed. Sei. Hung. 22 (1): 9–24.
Mueller. J. F., and H. J. Van Cleave. 1932. Parasites of Oneida Lake Fishes. II Descriptions of new species and some general taxonomic considerations especially concerning the trematode family Heterophyidae. Bull. N. Y. State Coll. For. 5(2e). Roosevelt Wildl. Ann. 3 (2): 79–137.
Musselius, V. A. 1967. Parasites and diseases of plant-eating fishes and methods to control them. Publ. House “Kolos”, 81 p. (in Russian).
Musselins, V. A., N. S. Ivanova, L. M. Mirzoeva, S. V. Volovik. 1973. Influence of some gill parasites on fish organism. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 18 (3): 1713–1722.
Osmanov, S. 0. 1971. Parasites of fishes of Uzbekistan. Publ. House “FAN” 532 p. (in Russian).
Reichenbach-Klinke, H. H. 1966. Krankheiten and Sehadigungen der Fische. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart, 389 p.
Rogers, W. A. 1967. Studies on Dactylogyrinae (Monogenea) with description of 24 new species of Dactylogyrinae, 5 new species of Peleueidhaptor, and the proposal of Aplodiscus gen. n., J. Parasitol. 53 (3): 500–524.
Rogers, W. A. 1968. Eight new species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) from the Southeastern U. S. with re-description of G. fairporti Van Cleave, 1921, and G. cyprini Diarova,, 19b4. J. Parasitol. 54 (3): 490–495.
Vismanis, K. 0. 1962. Carp philometrosis in fish farms of Latvia, Izvestia Akad. Nauk Latv. SSR 4: 93–96. (in Russian).
Vismanis, K. 0. and V. N. Nikulina. 1968. On the systematics of Philometra sanguinea (Rud., 1819) (Nematoda, Dracunculidae) pathogen of crucian carp philometrosis, Parasitologia 2 (6): 514–518 (in Russian).
Volovik, S. V., L. M. Mirzoeva and A. V. Poddubnaya. 1974. On the parasite fauna of the bufffalo (Catostomidae, Ictiobus)-new objects of pisciculature, acclimatized in the USSR. VI All Union Conf. on Diseases and Parasites of Fishes, Moscow: 59–81. ( Eng. transi. by R. M. Howland, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service ).
Yukhimenko, S. S. 1970. On the occurrence of Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) in the young of Cyprinidae from the Amur River. Parasitologia 4 (5): 480–483 (in Russian).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bauer, O.N., Hoffman, G.L. (1976). Helminth Range Extension by Translocation of Fish. In: Page, L.A. (eds) Wildlife Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1656-6_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1656-6_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1658-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1656-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive