Abstract
The electroretinogram (ERG) is the summed potential of the retina to light stimulation. The ERG shows a cornea-negative a-wave, a cornea-positive b-wave, the slow cornea-positive c-wave, and a small off-effect (see Figure 17-1). This particular ERG was recorded in a human subject during general anesthesia (Hanitzsch et al., 1966). The cellular events to which each of the ERG waves relate have been the subject of research (Tomita, 1972) but remain only partially understood (Coles, 1985; Karwoski and Proenza, 1987).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barlow HB, Levick WR (1965): The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit’s retina. J Physiol 178: 477–504
Bomschein H, Hanitzsch R, v Lützow A (1966): Off-Effekt und negative Komponente des enukleierten Bulbus und der isolierten Netzhaut des Kaninchens: 1. Einfluß der Reizparameter. Vision Res 6: 251–259
Coles JA (1985): Homeostasis of extracellular fluid in retinas of invertebrates and vertebrates. In: Progress in Sensory Physiology, Vol. 6, Autrum H, Ottoson D, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag
Deitmer JW, Schlue WR (1989): An inwardly directed electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransport in leech glial cells. J Physiol 411: 179–194
Deitmer JW, Szatkowski M (1990): Membrane potential dependence of intracellular pH regulation by identified glial cells in the leech central nervous system. J Physiol 421: 617–631
Dick E, Miller RF, Bloomfield St (1985): Extracellular K+ activity changes related to electroretinogram components: 2. Rabbit (E-type) retinas. J Gen Physiol 85: 911–931
Frishman LJ, Steinberg RH (1989): Light-evoked increases in [K+]o in proximal portion of the dark-adapted cat retina. J Neurophysiol 61: 1233–1243
Fujimoto M, Tornita T (1979): Reconstruction of the slow Pm from the rod potential. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18: 1090–1093
Fujimoto M, Tornita T (1981): Field potentials induced by injection of potassium into the frog retina: A test of current interpretations of the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave. Brain Res 204: 51–64
Hanitzsch R (1973): Intraretinal isolation of Pm subcomponents in the isolated rabbit retina after treatment with sodium aspartate. Vision Res 13: 2093–2102
Hanitzsch R (1988): The time course of the light-induced extracellular potassium change around receptors and at the vitreal surface compared with the time course of slow Pm wave in the isolated rabbit retina. Physiol Bohemoslov 37: 227–233
Hanitzsch R (1990): A comparison between the slow cornea-negative component of the electroretinogram (ERG) and extracellular K+ changes in the isolated rabbit retina. J Physiol 425: 50 P
Hanitzsch R, Bornschein H, v Lützow A (1966): Off-Effekt and negative Komponente des enukleierten Bulbus and der isolierten Netzhaut des Kaninchens: 2. Einfluß der Temperatur. Vision Res 6: 261–269
Hanitzsch R, Hommer K, Bornschein H (1966): Der Nachweis langsamer Potentiale im menschlichen ERG. Vision Res 6: 245–250
Hanitzsch R, Tornita T, Wagner H (1984): A chamber preserving cellular function of the isolated rabbit retina suited for extracellular and intracellular recordings. Ophthalmic Res 16: 27–30
Hodgkin AL, McNaughten PA, Nunn BJ (1985): The ionic selectivity and calcium dependence of the light-sensitive pathway in toad rods. J Physiol 358: 447–468
Karwoski Chi, Proenza LM (1987): Sources and sinks of light-evoked 6.[K+]o in the vertebrate retina. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65: 1009–1017
Kuffler SW, Nicholls JG, Orkand RK (1966): Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia. J Neurophysiol 29: 768–787
Mättig W-U, Hanitzsch R (1990): [K+]o changes at the vitreal surface compared with [K+]o changes around receptors in the isolated rabbit retina. Doc Ophthalmol 75: 181–187
Mättig W-U, Hanitzsch R (1991): Measurements of the extracellular potassium concentrations in the isolated rabbit retina with different kinds of potassium-sensitive microelectrodes. J Neurosci Methods 40: 127–132
Newman EA (1985): Membrane physiology of retinal glial (Müller) cells. J Neurosci 5: 2225–2239
Newman EA (1987): Distribution of potassium conductance in mammalian Müller (glial) cells. J Neurosci 7: 2423–2432
Oakley B II, Green DG (1976): Correlation of light-induced changes in retinal extracellular potassium concentration with c-wave of the electroretinogram. J Neurophysiol 39: 1117–1133
Steinberg RH, Linsenmeier RA, Griff ER (1985): Retinal pigment epithelial cell contributions to the electroretinogram and electrooculogram. Progress in Retinal Research, Vol. 6, Osborne NN, Chader GJ, eds. New York: Pergamon Press
Steinberg RH, Oakley B, Niemeyer G (1980): Light-evoked changes in [Klo in retina of intact cat eye. J Neurophysiol 44: 897–921
Tornita T (1972): The electroretinogram, as analyzed by microelectrode studies. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. 7, Part 2, Fuortes MGF, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag
Tornita T (1976): Electrophysiological studies of retinal cell function. Invest Ophthalmol 15: 169–187
Trifonov JA (1968): Study of synaptic transmission between the photoreceptor and the horizontal cell using electrical stimulation of the retina. Biophysics 13: 948–957
Wündsch LJ (1971): Langsame Potentiale im Säuger-Elektroretinogram. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Vienna
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hanitzsch, R. (1993). Cornea-Negative and Cornea-Positive Slow Components of the ERG and Light-induced Extracellular Potassium Changes. In: Haschke, W., Speckmann, E.J., Roitbak, A.I. (eds) Slow Potential Changes in the Brain. Brain Dynamics. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1379-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1379-4_18
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1381-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1379-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive