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Naturally Occurring Bile Acids and Alcohols and Their Origins

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The Bile Acids Chemistry, Physiology, and Metabolism

Abstract

The first scientific phase of bile acid investigation began in the middle of the nineteenth century when these compounds were first obtained in crystalline form. Earlier observations of bile and its properties are often cited but the efforts of the early writers, Hippocrates, Galen, Paracelsus, and others, were confined to the subjective and speculative considerations of their age. The first scientific phase, characterized by uncertainty and confusion concerning the constituents of bile, terminated around the end of the nineteenth century and gave rise to a productive period during which much information was obtained. The beginning and improvements in methods of isolation and characterization of bile acids during this period provided a strong background of structural knowledge concerning these compounds. Studies were stimulated by the recognized relationship between the bile acids and cholesterol, and, later, the steroid hormones. The contributions of Wieland and his collaborators to the structure of the bile acids began in 1912 and are reviewed in Fieser’s monograph on the steroids (1).

The author acknowledges support from N.I.H. Grants AM 11311 and AM 09909 during the time taken for the preparation of this chapter.

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  1. John T. Matschiner

    Present address: Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    John T. Matschiner

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  1. Biochemistry Research Division Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Padmanabhan P. Nair

  2. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David Kritchevsky

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Matschiner, J.T. (1971). Naturally Occurring Bile Acids and Alcohols and Their Origins. In: Nair, P.P., Kritchevsky, D. (eds) The Bile Acids Chemistry, Physiology, and Metabolism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0647-5_2

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