Abstract
The central nervous system is effectively isolated from the rest of the body. This physiological compartmentalization not only provides protection of its delicate function from aberrant peripheral influences but also impedes its diagnostic evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathes the brain and spinal cord, is in dynamic equilibrium with its extracellular fluid, and tends to reflect the state of health and activity of the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid examination is the most direct and popular method of assessing the central chemical and cellular environment in the living patient or mammal.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rapoport, S. I., 1975, The Blood-Brain Barrier in Physiology and Medicine Raven Press, New York, pp. 43–86.
Cserr, H. F., 1971, Physiol. Rev. 51: 273–311.
Lorenzo, A. V., 1977, Exp. Eye Res. [Suppl.] 25: 205–228.
Wood, J. H., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid l (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. I - 16.
De Rougemont, J., Ames, A. III, Nesbett, F. B., and Hoffman, H. F., 1960, J. Neurophysiol. 23: 485–495.
Pollay, M., 1974, Fed. Proc. 33: 2065–2069.
Pappenheimer, J. F., Heisey, S. R., and Jordan, E. F., 1961, Am. J. Physiol. 200: 1–10.
Lorenzo, A. V., and Cutler, R. W. P., 1969, J. Neurochem. 16: 577–585.
Oldendorf, W. H., 1977, Exp. Eye Res. [Suppl.] 25: 177–190.
Cutler, R. W. P., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I. (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 41–51.
Fishman, R. A., 1980, Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 168–252.
Pape, L., and Katzman, R., 1970, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 134: 430–433.
Bradbury, M. W. B., Stubbs, J., Hughes, 1. E., and Parker, P., 1963, Clin. Sci. 23: 97–105.
Bekaert, J., and Demeester, G., 1954, Exp. Med. Seerg. 12: 480–501.
Bito, L. A., and Dayson, H., 1966, Exp. Neurol. 14: 264–280.
Naumann, H. N., 1958, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 98: 16–18.
Fuchs, C., 1976, Ion and Enzyme Electrodes in Biology and Medicine (M. Kessler. L. C. Clark, D. W. Lubbers, 1. A. Silver, and W. Simon, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.
Goldstein, G. W., Romoff, M., Bogin, F., and Mossry. S. G., 1979, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 49: 58–62.
Jimerson, D. C., Wood, J. H., and Post, R. M., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid /. (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 743–749.
Hunter, G., and Smith, H. V., 1960, Nature 186: 161.
Chutkow, J. H., and Meyers, S., 1968, Neurology (Minneap.) 83: 963–974.
Kemeny, A., Boldizsar, H., and Pethes, G., 1961, J. Neurochem. 7: 218–227.
Heipertz, R., Eickhoff, K., and Karstens, K. H., 1979, J. Neurol. Sci. 40: 87–95.
Friedman, A., and Levinson, A., 1955, Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 74: 424–440.
Bradbury, M. W. B., and Kleeman, C. R., 1969, J. Physiol. (Gond.) 204: 181–193.
Bourke, R. S., and Nelson, K. M., 1972, J. Neurochem. 19: 1225–1232.
Leusen, I. R., Weyne, J. J., and Demeester, G. M., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Davies, D. G., 1976, J. Appl. Physiol. 40: 123–125.
Davies, D. G., 1977, J. Appl. Physiol. 43: 566–567.
Davies, D. G., 1978, Regulation of Ventilation and Gas Exchange (D. G. Davies and C. D. Barnes, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 167–196.
Plum, F., and Posner, J. B., 1968, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. [Suppl.] 22:IB.
Plum, F., and Price, R. W., 1973, N. Engl. J. Med. 289: 1346–1351.
Leusen, I., 1972, Physiol. Rev. 52: 1–56.
Loeschcke, H. H., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid/(J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 29–40.
Levasseur, J. E., Wei, E. P., Kontos, H. A., and Patterson, J. L., 1979, J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 46: 89–95.
Simeone, F. A., Vinall, P. E., and Pickard, J. D., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid/(J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 303–311.
Mrowka, R., 1981, J. Neurol. Sci. 49: 181–191.
Merritt, H. H., and Fremont-Smith, F., 1938, The Cerebrospinal Fluid, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Sarff, L. D., Platt, L. H., arid McCracken, G. H., 1976, J. Pediatr. 88: 473–477.
Fishman, R. A., 1963, Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc. 88: 114–118.
Posner, J. B., and Plum, F., 1967, Arch. Neurol. 16: 492–496.
Siesjo, B. K., 1978, Brain Energy Metabolism, John Wiley Sons, New York.
Humoller, F. L., Mahler, D. M., and Parker, M. M., 1966, Int. J. Neuropsychiatry 2: 293–297.
Perry, T. L., Hansen, S., and Kennedy, J., 1975, J. Neurochem. 24: 587–589.
McGale, E. H. F., Pye, 1. F., Stonier, C., Hutchinson, E. C., and Aber, G. M., 1977, J. Neurochem. 29: 291–298.
Gjessing, L. R., Gjesdehl, P., Dietrichson, P., and Presthus, J., 1974, Eur. Neurol. 12: 33–37.
Goodnick, P. G., Evans, H. E., Dunner, D. L., and Fieve, R. R., 1980, Biol. Psychiatry 15: 557–563.
Poser, C. M., and Ho, B., 1972, Arch. Neurol. 26: 502–505.
Szilagyi, A. K., Lavinha, F., and Mardens, Y., 1974, Acta Neurol. Belg. 74: 329–336.
Perry, T. L., Hansen, S., Stedman, D., and Love, D., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 1203–1206.
Fishman, R. A., 1953, Am. J. Physiol. 179: 96–98.
Cutler, R. W. P., Wafters, G. V., and Hammersted, J. P., 1970, J. Neurol. Sci. 10: 259–268.
Link, H., Zettervall, O., and Blemou, G., 1972, J. Neurol. 203: 119–132.
Felgenhauer, K., 1974, Klin. Wochenschr. 52: 1158–1164.
Rapoport, W. 1., and Pettigrew, K. D., 1979, Microvasc. Res. 18: 105–119.
Rapoport, S. I., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Lumsden, C., 1972, Multiple Sclerosis: A Reappraisal (D. McAlpine, C. Lumsden, and E. D. Acheson, eds.), Churchill Livingston, London, pp. 311–621.
Joseph, J. C., and Bermes, E. W., 1979, Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 9: 408–415.
Kleine, T. O., and Merten, B., 1980, J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 18: 245–254.
Reiber, V. H., 1980, J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 18: 123–127.
Scime, M. J., 1980, Clin. Biochem. 13: 144–145.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J., 1951, J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265–275.
Kahn, S. N., Shortman, R. C., Khan, R. A., and Thompson, E. J., 1980. J. Clin. Chem, Clin. Biochem. 18: 23–26.
Tourtellotte, W. W., Tavolato, B., Parker, J. A., and Comiso, P., 1971, Arch. Neurol. 25: 345–350.
Mingioli, E. S., Strober, W., Tourtellotte, W. W., Whitaker, J. N., and McFarlin, D. E., 1978, Neurology (Minneap.) 28: 991–995.
Arseneault, J. J., 1980, Clin. Chim. Acta. 107: 73–84.
Allen, R. C., 1980, Electrophoresis 1: 32–37.
Laurenzi, M. A., and Link, H., 1979, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 42: 368–372.
Nilsson, K., and Olsson, J. E., 1978, Clin. Chem. 24: 1134–1139.
Stibler, H., 1978, J. Neurol. Sci. 36: 273–288.
Stibler, H., 1979, J. Neurol. Sci. 42: 275–281.
Schultze, H. E., and Heremans, J. F., 1966, Molecular Biology of the Human Proteins, Volume 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 732–761.
Link, H., and Olsson, J. E., 1972, Acta Neurol. Scand. 48: 57–68.
Laterre, E. C., 1965, Les Proteines du Liquide Cephalorachidien a L’Etat Normal et Pathologique, Editions Arscia, Brussels, pp. 148–161.
Dencker, S. J., 1969, J. Neurochem. 16: 465–466.
Nerenberg, S. T., Prasad, R., and Rothman, M. E., 1978, Neurology (Minneap.) 28: 988–990.
Williams, A. C., Mingioli, E. S., McFarland, H. F., Tourtellotte, W. W., and McFarland, D. E., 1978, Neurology (Minneap.) 28: 996–998.
Walsh, M. J., Tourtellotte, W. W., and Potvin, A. R., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 ( J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.
Reiber, H., 1980, J. Neurol. 224: 89–99.
Olsson, J. E., and Pettersson, B., 1976, Acta Neurol. Scand. 53: 308–322.
Tourtellotte, W. W., 1970, J. Neurol. Sci. 10: 279–304.
Hershey, L. A., and Trotter, J. L., 1980, Ann. Neurol. 8: 426–434.
Trotter, J. L., and Brooks, B. R., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 465–486.
Link, H., and Zellervall, O., 1970, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 6: 425–438.
Dziegielewska, K. M., Evans, C. A., Malinowska, D. H., Mollgard, K., Raynolds, M. L., and Saunders, N. R., 1980, J.Physiol. (Lond.) 300: 457–465.
Raker, R., Hegyi, T., and Koenigsberger, M. R., 1977, Ann. Neurol. 2: 259.
Lofberg, H., Grubb, A. O., Sreger, T., and Olsson, J. E., 1980, J. Neurol. 223: 159–170.
Kobatake, K., Shinohara, Y., and Yoshimura, S., 1980, J. Neurol. Sci. 47: 273–283.
Eeg-Olofsson, O., Link, H., and Wigertz, A., 1981, Acta Pediatr. Scand. 70: 167–170.
Miller, O. H., Jaworski, A. A., Silverman, A. C., and Elwood, M. J., 1954, Am. J. Med. Sci. 228: 510–519.
Ahonen, A., Myllyla, V. V., and Hokkanen, E., 1978, Acta Neurol. Scand. 57: 358–365.
Weisner, B., and Bernhardt, W., 1978, J. Neurol. Sci. 37: 205–214.
Fishman, R. A., Ransohoff, A. J., and Osserman, E. F., 1958, J. Clin. Invest. 37: 1419–1428.
Fossan, G. O., and Larsen, J. L., 1979, Eur. Neurol. 18: 140–144.
Muting, D., Heinze, J., Reikowski, J., Betzien, G., Schwartz, M., and Schmidt, F., 1968, Clin. Chim. Acta 19: 391–395.
Davidson, J. S. D., and Jennings, D. B., 1980, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58: 550–556.
Cockrill, J. R., 1931, Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 25: 1297–1305.
Carlsson, C., and Dencker, S. J., 1973, Acta Neurol. Scand. 49: 39–56.
Brooks, B. R., Wood, J. H., Diaz, M., Czerwinski, C., Georges, L. P., Sode, J., Ebert, M. H., and Engel, W. K., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 113–139.
Enna, S. J., Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., Brooks. B. R., and Butler, 1. J., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press. New York, pp. 189–196.
Bachrach, U., 1978, Advances in Polyamine Research, Volume 2 (R. A. Campbell. D. R. Morris, D. Bartos, G. D. Davies, and F. Bartos, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 5–11.
Seiler, N., 1977, Clin. Chem. 23: 1519–1526.
Fulton, D. S., Levin, V. A., Lubich, W. P., Wilson, C. B., and Marton, L. J., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Marton, L. J., Heby, O., Levin, V. A., Lubich, W. P., and Wilson, C. B., 1976, Cancer Res. 36: 973–977.
Bartos, D., Campbell, R. A., Bartos, F., and Grettie, D. P., 1975, Cancer Res. 35: 2056–2060.
Harik, S. I., and Marton, L. J., 1981, Arch. Neurol. 38: 91–94.
Illingworth, D. R., and Glover, J., 1971, J. Neurochem. 18: 769–776.
Berry, J. F., Logothetis, J., and Boris, M., 1965, Neurology (Minneap.) 15: 1089–1094.
Pedersen, H. F., 1974, Acta Neurol. Scand. 50: 171–182.
Fumagalli, R., and Paoletti, P., 1971, Neurology (Minneap.) 21: 1149–1156.
Dencker, S. J., and Swahn, B., 1961, Acta Psychiatry Scand. 36: 325–336.
White, R. P., Hagen, A. A., and Robertson, J. T., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Moncada, S., and Vane, J. R., 1979, N. Engl. J. Med. 300: 1142–1147.
White, R. P., Hagen, A. A., Morgan, H., Dawson, W. W., and Robertson, J. T., 1975, Stroke 6: 52–57.
Horton, E. W., 1972, Monographs on Endocrinology: Prostaglandins, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 117–147.
Wolfe, L. S., and Coceani, F., 1979, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 41: 669–684.
Holmes, S. W., 1970, Br. J. Pharmacol. 38: 653–658.
Bito, L. Z., and Baroody, R., 1974, Prostaglandins, 7: 131–140.
Levin, E., Sepulveda, F. V., and Yudilevich, D. L., 1974, Nature 249: 266–268.
Hagen, A. A., Gerber, J. N., Sweeley, C. C., White, R. P., and Robertson, J. T., 1977, Stroke 8: 672–675.
Hagen, A. A., Gerber, J. N., Sweeley, C. C., White, R. P., and Robertson, J. T., 1977, Stroke 8: 236–238.
Carasso, R. L., Vardi, J., Rabay, J. M., Zor, U., and Streifler, M., 1977, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 40: 967–969.
LaTorre, E., Patrono, C., Fortuna, A., and Grossi-Belloni, D., 1974, J. Neurosurg. 41: 293–299.
Mathe, A. A., Sedvall, G., Wiesel, F. A., and Nyback, H., 1980, Lancet 1: 16–18.
Philipp-Dormston, W. K., and Siefert, R., 1975, Klin. Wechenschr. 53: 1167–1168.
Cory, H. T., Lascelles, P. T., Millard, B. J., Snedden, W., and Wilson, B., 1976, Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 3: 117–121.
Wolfe, L. S., and Marner, O. A., 1979, Prostaglandins 9: 183–192.
Aizawa, Y., and Yamada, K., 1976, Prostaglandins 11: 43–50.
Harms, H. H., Wardeh, G., and Mulder, A. H., 1979, Neuropharmacology 18: 577–580.
Heistad, D. D., and Marcus, M. L., 1979, Physiologist 22: 54.
Sattin, A., and Rall, T. W., 1970, Mol. Pharmacol. 6: 13–23.
Berne, R. M., Rubio, R., and Cornish, R. P., 1974, Circ. Res. 35: 262–271.
Cornford, E. M., and Oldendorf, W. H., 1975, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 394: 211–219.
Winn, H. R., Rubio, R., and Berne, R. M., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press)
Moberg, A., and Sangstad, O. D., 1978, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 38: 437–440.
Moir, A. T. B., Ashcroft, G. W., Crawford, T. B. B., Eccleston, D., and Guldberg, H. C., 1970, Brain 93: 357–368.
Wood, J. H., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 53–62.
Welch, M. J., Markham, C. H., and Jenden, D. J., 1976, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 39: 367–374.
Haber, B., and Grossman, R. G., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 345–350.
Hare, T. A., Wood, J. H., Ballenger, J. C., and Post, R. M., 1979, Lancet 2: 534–535.
Wood, J. H., Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Shoulson, I., Brooks, B. R., and Van Buren, J. M., 1977, Ann. Neurol. 1: 94–99.
Lake, C. R., Ballenger, J. C., Ziegler, M. G., Post, R. M., Polinsky, R. J., Wood, J. H., Williams, A. C., and Ebert, M. H., 1982, Psychiatr. Res. (in press).
Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., and Goodwin, F. K., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Wood, J. H., 1980, Neurology (Minneap.) 30: 645–651.
Wood, J. H., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 71–96.
Perlow, M. J., and Lake, C. R., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 63–69.
Moore-Ede, M. C., Shemelzer, W. S., Kass, D. A., and Herd, J. A., 1976, Fed. Proc. 35: 2333–2380.
Reppert, S. M., Perlow, M. J., and Klein, D. C., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 579–589.
Tower, D. B., and McEachern, D., 1949, Can. J. Res. 27: 105–119.
Duvoisin, R. C., and Dettbarn, W. D., 1967, Neurology (Minneap.) 17: 1077–1081.
Davis, K. L., Berger, P. A., Hollister, L. E., DoAmaral, J. R., and Barchas, J. D., 1977, Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology (D. J. Jenden, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 755–779.
Freeman, J. J., Choi, R. L., and Jenden, D. J., 1975, J. Neurochem. 24: 729–734.
McCaman, R. E., and Stetzler, J., 1977, J. Neurochem. 28: 669–671.
Jenden, D. J., 1979, Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (K. L. Davis, and P. A. Bergers, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 483–513.
Lanman, R. C., and Schanker, L. S., 1980, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 215: 563–568.
Schuberth, J., and Jenden, D. J., 1975, Brain Res. 84: 245–256.
Aquilonius, S. M., Nystrom, B., Schuberth, J., and Sundwall, A., 1972, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 35: 720–725.
Dreifuss, J. J., Kelly, J. S., and Krnjevic, K., 1969, Exp. Brain Res. 9: 137–154.
Krnjevic, K., and Schwartz, S., 1967, Exp. Brain Res. 3: 320–336.
Hare, T. A., Manyam, N. V. B., and Glaeser, B. S., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 171–187.
Levin, E., Garcia-Argiz, C. A., and Nogueira, G. J., 1966, J. Neurochem. 13: 979–988.
Martin, D. L., 1976, GABA in Nervous System Function (E. Roberts, T. N. Chase and D. B. Tower, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 347–386.
Storm-Methiesen, J., Fonnum, F., and Malthe-Sorenesen, O., 1976. GABA in Nervous System Function (E. Roberts, T. N. Chase and D. B. Tower, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 387–394.
Snodgrass, S. R., and Lorenzo, A. V., 1973, J. Neurochem. 20: 761–769.
Hare, T. A., and Manyam, N. V. B., 1980, Anal. Biochem. 101: 349–355.
Hare, T. A., Wood, J. H., Manyam, N. V. B., Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., and Gerner, R. H., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl.] 5: 721–724.
Enna, S. J., Wood, J. H., and Snyder, S. H., 1977, J. Neurochem. 28: 1121–1124.
Wood, J. H., Glaeser, B. S., Enna, S. J., and Hare, T. A., 1978, J. Neurochem. 30: 291–293.
Berry, H. C., and Steiner, J. C., 1979, Neurology (Minneap.) 29: 535.
Hespe, W., Roberts, E., and Prins, H., 1969, Brain Res. 14: 663–671.
Perry, T. L., and Hansen, S., 1973, J. Neurochem. 21: 1167–1175.
Purpura, D. P., Girado, M., Smith, T. G., and Gomez, J. A., 1958, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. 97: 348–353.
Roberts, E., Lowe, 1. P., Guth, L.. and Jelinek, B., 1958, J. Exp. Zool. 138: 313–328.
Biswas, B., and Barlsson, A., 1978, Psychopharmacology 59: 91–94.
Tower, D. B., 1961, Clinical Pathology of the Nervous System (J. Folch-Pi, ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, London, pp. 307–344.
Bohlen, P., Huot, S., and Palfreyman, M. G., 1979, Brain Res. 167: 297–350.
Loscher, W., 1979, J. Neurochem. 32: 1587–1591.
Bohlen, P., Huot, S., Mellet, M., and Palfreyman, M. G., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl] 5: 905–908.
Wood, J. H., Hare, T. A., Enna, S. J., and Manyam, N. V. B., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl] 5: 111–114.
Enna, S. J., Bennett, J. P., Bylund, D. B., Crese, I., Burt, D. R., Charness, M. E., Yamamura, H. I., Simantov, R., and Snyder, S. H., 1977, J. Neurochem. 28: 233–236.
Fahn, S., and Côté, L. J., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 209–213.
Storm-Mathisen, J., and Fonnum, F., 1971, J. Neurochem. 18: 1105–1111.
Duggan, A. W., and McLennan, H., 1971, Brain Res. 25: 188–191.
Fahn, S., 1976, GABA in Nervous System Function (E. Roberts, T. N. Chase, and D. B. Tower, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 169–186.
Graham, L. T., Shank, R. P., Werman, R., and Aprison, M. H., 1967, J. Neurochem. 14: 465–472.
Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., and Ebert, M. H., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 141–152.
Ziegler, M. G., Wood, J. H., Lake, C. R., and Kopin, I. J., 1977, Am. J. Psychiatry 134: 565–568.
Manyam, N. V. B., Katz, L., Hare, T. A., Gerber, J. C., and Grossman, M. H., 1980, Arch. Neurol. 37: 352–355.
Wood, J. H., and Brooks, B. R., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 259–278.
Wood, J. H., Hare, T. A., Glaeser, B. S., Ballenger, J. C., and Post, R. M., 1979, Neurology (Minneap.) 29: 1203–1208.
Wood, J. H., Hare, T. A., Glaeser, B. S., Brooks, B. R., Ballenger, J. C., and Post, R. M., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [431 Suppl] 5: 747–753.
Lott, I. T., Coulombe, T., DiPaolo, R. V., Richardson, E. P., and Levy, H. J., 1978, Neurology (Minneap.) 28: 47–54.
Perry, T. L., Hansen, S., and Kloster, M., 1973, N. Engl. J. Med. 288: 337–342.
Van Gelder, N. M., Sherwin, A. L., and Rasmussen, T., 1972, Brain Res. 40: 385–393.
Brooks, B. R., Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., Enna, S. J., and Engel, W. K., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl] 5: 765–768.
Ziegler, M. G., Brooks, B. R., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., and Enna, S. J., 1980, Neurology (Minneap.) 30: 98–101.
Perlow, M. J., Enna, S. J., O’Brien, P. J., Hoffman, H. J., and Wyatt, R. J., 1979, J. Neurochem. 32: 265–268.
Hare, T. A., Wood, J. H., Manyam, N. V. B., Gerner, R. H., Ballenger, J. C., and Post, R. M., 1982, Arch. Neurol. (in press).
Hare, T. A., Wood, J. H., and Manyam, B. V., 1981, Arch. Neurol. 38: 491–494.
Chase, T. N., and Tamminga, C. A., 1979, GABA-Neurotransmitters: Pharmacological, Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects (P. Krogsgaard, J. Scheel-Kruger, and H. Kofod, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 283–294.
Vijayan, E., and McCann, S. M., 1978, Endocrinology 103: 1888–1893.
Vijayan, E., and McCann, S. M., 1978, Brain Res. 155: 35–43.
Locatelli, V., Cocchi, D., Frigerio, C., Betti, R., Krogsgaard, P., Racagni, G., and Muller, E. E., 1979, Endocrinology 105: 778–785.
Negro-Vilar, A., Vijayan, E., and McCann, S. M., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. 5: 239–244.
Gillis, R. A., DiMicco, J. A., Williford, D. J., Hamilton, B. L., and Gale, K. N., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl.] 5: 303–315.
Grossman, M. H., Hare, T. A., Manyam, N. V. B., Glaeser, B. S., and Wood, J. H., 1980, Brain Res. 182: 99–106.
Hare, T. A., Grossman, M. H., Wood, J. H., Glaeser, B. S., and Manyam, N. V. B., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl] 5: 725–729.
Post, R. M., Ballenger, J. C., and Goodwin, F. K., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 685–717.
Patsalos, P. N., and Lascelles, P. T., 1981, J. Neurochem. 36: 688–695.
Perry, T. L., Hansen, S., Schier, G. M., and Halpern, B., 1977, J. Neurochem. 29: 791–795.
Kish, S. J., Perry, T. L., and Hansen, S., 1979, J. Neurochem. 32: 1629–1636.
Böhlen, P., Tell, G., Schechter, P. J., Koch-Weser, J., Agid, Y., Coquillat, G., Chazot, G., and Fischer, C., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. [Suppl] 5: 761–764.
Doherty, J. D., Hattox, S. E., Snead, O. C., and Roth, R. H., 1978, J. Pharmacol, Exp. Ther. 207: 130–139.
Snead, O. C., Yu, R. K., and Huttenlocher, P. R., 1976, Neurology (Minneapo.) 26: 51–56.
Shumate, J. S., and Snead, O. C., 1979, Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 25:241–256.
Snead, O. C., Brown, G. B., and Morawetz, R. B., 1981, N. Engl. J. Med. 304: 93–95.
Snead, O. C., and Bearden, L. J., 1980, Neurology (Minneap.) 30: 832–838.
Doherty, J. D., Snead, O. C., and Roth, R. H., Anal. Biochem. 69: 268–277.
Wurtman, R. J., Scally, M. C., Gibson, C. J., and Hefti, F., 1979, Catecholamines: Basic and Clinical Frontiers (E. Usdin, I. J. Kopin, and J. D., Barchas, eds.), Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 64–66.
Gibson, C. J., and Wurtman, R. J., 1978, Life Sci. 22: 1399–1406.
Reis, D. J., and Wurtman, R., 1968, Life Sci. 7: 91–98.
Weil-Hulherbe, H., Axelrod, J., and Tomchick, R., 1959, Science 129: 1226–1227.
Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., Brooks, B. R., and Ebert, M. H., 1977, J. Neurochem. 28: 677–679.
Sato, S., and Suzuki, J., 1975, J. Neurosurg. 43: 559–568.
Lake, C. R., Ziegler, M. G., Coleman, M. D., and Kopin, I. J., 1977, N. Engl. J. Med. 296: 208–209.
Smith, B. H., and Sweet, W. H., 1978, Neurosurgery 3: 109–119.
Watson, S. J., Richard, C. S., Ciaranello, R. D., and Barchas, J. D., 1980, Peptides 1: 23–30.
Bird, S. J., Atweh, S. F., and Kuhar, M. J., 1976, Opiates and Endogenous Opioid Peptides (H. W. Kosterlitz, ed.), Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 109–204.
Brown, G. M., Friend, W. C., and Chambers, J. W., 1979, Clinical Neuroendocrinology: A Pathophysiological Approach (G. Tolls, F. Labrie, J. B. Martin, and F. Naftolin, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 47–81.
Vijayan, E., and McCann, S. M., 1978, Neuroendocrinology 25: 150–165.
Levin, B. E., and Hubschmann, O. R., 1980, Neurology (Minneap.) 30: 65–71.
Zigmond, M. H., and Wurtman, R. J., 1970, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 172: 416–422.
Collu, R., Jequier, J. C., Letarte, J., Leboeuf, G., and Ducharne, J. R., 1973, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 51: 890–892.
Lovenberg, W., Levine, R. A., Robinson, D. S., Ebert, M., Williams, A. C., and Caine, D. B., 1979. Science 204: 624–626.
Reis, D. J., Weinbren, M., and Corvelli, A., 1968, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 164: 135–145.
Perlow, M., Ebert, M. H., Gordon, E. K., Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., and Chase, T. M., 1978, Brain Res. 139: 101–113.
Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., and Ebert, M. H., 1976, Nature 264: 656–658.
Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., and Kopin, 1. J., 1976, Nature 261: 333–335.
Teychenne, P. F., Lake, C. R., and Ziegler, M. G., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 197–206.
Lake, C. R., Wood, J. H., Ziegler, M. G., Ebert, M. H., and Kopin, I. J., 1978, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35: 237–240.
Post, R. M., Allen, F. H., and Ommaya, A. K., 1974, Life Sci. 14: 1885–1894.
Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., and Kopin, I. J., 1976, Brain Res. 108: 436–440.
Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E., and Roth, R. H., 1978, The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, Oxford University Press, New York.
Chase, T. N., Gordon, E. K., and Ng, L. K. Y., 1973, J. Neurochem. 21: 581–587.
Gordon, E., Perlow, M., Oliver, J., Ebert, M., and Kopin, I., 1975. J. Neurochem. 25: 347–349.
Adér, J.-P., Aizenstein, M. L., Postema, F., and Korf, J., 1979, J. Neural. Transm. 46: 279–290.
MacKay, A. V. P., Yates, C. M., Wright, A., Hamilton, P., and Davies, P., 1978, J. Neurochem. 30: 841–848.
Gordon, E. K., and Oliver, J., 1971, Clin. Chim. Acta 35: 145–150.
Sjöström, R., Ekstedt, J., and Anggard, E., 1975, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 38: 666–668.
Post, R. M., Goodwin, F. K., Gordon, E., and Watkin, D. M., 1973, Science 179: 897–899.
Sedvall, G., Fyro, B., Gullberg, B., Nyback, H., Wiesel, R.-A., and Wode-Helgodt, B., 1980, Br. J. Psychiatry 136: 366–374.
Sharman, D. F., 1973, Br. Med. Bull. 29: 110–115.
Kessler, J. A., Fenstermacher, J. D., and Patlak, C. S., 1976, Brain Res. 102: 131–141.
Wolfson, L. E., and Escrira, A., 1976, Neurology (Minneap.) 26: 781–784.
Gordon, E. K., Oliver, J., Black, K., and Kopin, I. J., 1974, Biochem. Med. 11: 32–40.
Karoum, F., Gillin, J. C., Wyatt, R. J., and Costa, E., 1975, Biochem. Mass Spectrom. 2: 183–189.
Muskiet, F. A. J., Jeuring, H. J., Korf, J., Sedvall, G., Westerink, B. H. C., Teelken, A. W., and Wolthers, B. G., 1979, J. Neurochem. 32: 191–194.
Langlais, P. J., McEntee, W. J., and Bird, E. D., 1980, Clin. Chem. 26: 786–788.
Seifert, W. E., Foxx, J. L., and Butler, I. J., 1980, Ann. Neurol. 8: 38–42.
Blombery, P. A., Kopin, 1. J., Gordon, E. K., Markey, S. P., and Ebert, M. H., 1980, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 37: 1095–1098.
Karoum, F., Wyatt, R., and Costa, E., 1974, J. Neurochem. 13: 165–176.
Jimerson, D. C., Gordon, E. K., Post, R. M., and Goodwin, F. K., 1975, Brain Res. 99: 434–439.
Lindvall, O., and Bjorklund, A., 1978, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 19: 1–23.
Magnusson, T., and Rosengren, E., 1963, Experientia 19: 229–230.
Friedman, A. H., and Everett, G. M., 1964, Adv. Pharmacol. 3: 83–127.
Oldendorf, W. H., 1971, Am. J. Physiol. 221: 1629–1639.
Guldberg, H. C., and Yates, C. M., 1968, Br. J. Pharmacol. 33: 457–471.
Sharpless, N. S., Tyce, G. M., Thal, L. J., Waltz, J. M., Tabbaddor, K., and Wolfson, L. T., 1980, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.
Tyce, G. M., Sharpless, N. S., Kerr, F. W. L., and Muenter, M. D., 1980, J. Neurochem. 34: 210–212.
Wurtman, R. J., Larin, F., Mostafapour, S., and Fernstrom, J. D., 1974, Science 185: 183–184.
Wurtman, R. J., Cohen, E. L., and Fernstrom, J. D., 1977, Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders (E. Usdin, D. A. Hamburg, and J. D. Barchas, eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 103–121.
Bridges, P. K., Bartlett, J. R., Sepping, P., Kentamaneni, B. D., and Curzon, G., 1976, Psycho. Med. 6: 399–405.
Extein, I., Roth, R. H., and Bowers, M. B., 1974, Biol. Psychiatry 9: 161–170.
Pletsches, A., Bartholini, G., and Tissot, R., 1967, Brain Res. 4: 106–109.
Guldberg, H. C., 1969, Metabolism of Amines in the Brain (G. Hooper, ed.), Macmillan, London, pp. 55–64.
Bartholini, G., Pletscher, A., and Tissot, R., 1966, Experientia 22: 609–610.
Jakupcevic, M., Bulat, M., and Lackovic, Z., 1978, Jugosl. Physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 14: 100–102.
Portig, P. J., and Vogt, M., 1969, J. Physiol. (Gond.) 204: 687–715.
Bartholini, G., Pletscher, A., and Tissot, R., 1971, Brain Res. 27: 163–168.
Sourkes, T. L., 1973, J. Neural. Transm. 34: 153–157.
DiChiro, G., Hammock, M. K., and Bleyer, W. A., 1976, Neurology (Minneap.) 26: 1–8.
Garelis, E., and Sourkes, T. L., 1974, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 37: 704–710.
Manshardt, J., and Wurtman, R. J., 1968, Nature 217: 574–575.
Curzon, G., Gumpert, E. J. W., and Sharpe, D. M., 1971, Nature [New Biol.) 231: 189–191.
Garelis, E., and Sourkes, T. L., 1973, J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 36: 625–629.
Young, S. N., Lal, S., Martin, J. B., Ford, R. M., and Sourkes, T. L., 1973, Psychiatr. Neurol. Neurchir. 76: 439–444.
Kessler, J. A., Fenstermacher, J. D., and Patlak, C. S., 1976, Neurology (Minneap.) 26: 434–440.
Bobillier, P., and Mouret, J. R.. 1971, Int. J. Neurosci. 2: 271–282.
Hillier, J. G., Martin, P. R., and Redfern, P. H., 1975, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. [Stipp!] 27: 40 P.
Perlow, M. J., Gordon, E. K., Ebert, M. H., Hoffman, H. J., and Chase, T. N., 1977, J. Neurochem. 28: 1381–1383.
McGeer, P. L., and McGeer, E. G., 1976. J. Neurochem. 26: 65–76.
Robinson, D. S., Sourkes, T. L., Nies, A.. Harris, L. S., Spector, S., Barlett. D. L., and Kaye, I. S., 1977, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34: 89–92.
Carlsson, A., 1976, The Basal Ganglia (M. D. Yahr, ed.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 181–189.
Spokes, E. G. S., 1979, Brain 102: 333–346.
Bowers, M. B., and Gerbode, F. A., 1968, Nature 219: 1256–1257.
Gottfries, C. G., Gottfries, I., Johansson, B., Olsson, R., Persson, T., Roos, B. E., and Sjöström, R., 1971, Neuropharmacology 10: 665–672.
Cohen, D. J., Shaywitz, B. A., Young, J. G., and Bowers, M. B., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 665–683.
Anden, N.-E., Roos, B.-E., and Werdinius, B., 1963, Life Sci. 2: 448–458.
Carlsen, A., and Hillarp, N.-A., 1962, Acta Physiol. Scand. 55: 95–100.
Ashcroft, G. W., Crawford, T. B. B., Dow, R. C., and Guldberg, H. C., 1968, Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 33: 441–456.
Gordon, E. K., Markey, S. P., Sherman, R. L., and Kopin, I. J., 1976, Life Sci., 18: 1285–1292.
Wiesel, F.-A., 1975, Neurosci. Lett. 1: 219–224.
Post, R. M., Kotin, J., Goodwin, F. K., and Gordon, E. K., 1973, Am. J. Psychiatry 130: 67–72.
Davidson, D. W., Pullar, I. A., Mawdsley, C., Kinloch, N., and Yates, C. M., 1977, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 40: 741–745.
Griande, M., and Radulovacki, M., 1976, J. Neurochem. 26: 1301–1302.
Bowers, M. B., 1970, Life Sci. 9: 691–694.
Ebert, M. H., Kartzinel, R., Cowdry, R. W., and Goodwin, F. K., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 97–112.
Kirstein, L., Bowers, M. B., and Heninger, G., 1976, Biol. Psychiatry 11: 421–434.
Kukino, K., and Deguchi, T., 1977, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 25: 2257–2262.
Papeschi, R., Molina-Negro, P., Sourkes, T. L., and Erba, G., 1972, Neurology (Minneap.) 22: 1151–1159.
Anderson, G. M., Young, J. G., and Cohen, D. J., 1979, J. Chromatogr. 164: 501–505.
Änggard, E., Sjöquist, B., and Sjöström, R., 1970, J. Chromatogr. 50: 251–259.
Gerbode, F. A., and Bowers, M. B., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 1053–1055.
Jimerson, D. C., Gordon, E. K., Post, R. M., and Goodwin, F. K., 1978, Commun. Psychopharmacol. 2: 343–350.
Korf, J., Ottema, S., and Van der Veen, I., 1971, Anal. Biochem. 40: 187–191.
Sjöquist, B., Lindstrom, B., and Änggard, E., 1973, Life Sci. 13: 1655–1664.
Swahn, C. G., Sandgarde, B., Wiesel, F.-A., and Sedvall, G., 1976, Psychopharmacology 48: 147–152.
Voght, W., Jacob, K., and Ohnesorge, A.-B., 1980, J. Chromatogr. 199: 191–197.
Smith, B. H., and Sweet, W. H.. 1978, Neurosurgery 3: 257–272.
Aghajanian, G. K., Haigler, H. J., and Bennett, J. L., 1975, Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Biogenic Amine Receptors, Volume 6 (L. L. Iverson, S. D. Iverson, and S. H. Snyder, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 63–96.
Myers, R. D., 1973, Serotonin and Behavior (J. Barchas and E. Usdin, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 293–302.
Bremer, F., 1977, Ann. Neurol. 2: 1–6.
Akil, H., and Liebeskind, J. C.. 1975, Brain Res. 94: 279–296.
Hosobuchi, Y., and Bloom, F. E., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Johansson, F., vonKnorring, L., Sedvall, G., and Terenius, L.. 1980, P.sychiatr. Res. 2: 167–172.
Von Essen, C., 1972, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 24: 668.
Swank, R. L., and Hisson, W., 1964, Arch. Neurol. 10: 468–472.
Kamberi, I. A., Mical, R. S., and Porter, J. C.. 1970, Endocrinology 87: 1–12.
Kamberi, 1. A., Mical, R. S., and Porter, J. C., 1971, Endocrinology 88: 1288–1293.
Wehrenberg, W. B., McNicol, D., Frantz, A. G., and Ferin, M., 1980, Endocrinology 107: 1747–1750.
Reinhard, J. F., Liebmann, J. E., Schlosberg, A. J., and Moskowitz, M. A., 1979, Science 206: 85–87.
Axelrod, J., and Inscoe, J. K., 1963, J. Pharrnacol. Exp. Ther. 141: 161–165.
Bulat, M., and Supek, Z., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 383–389.
Hardebo, J. E., and Owman, C., 1980, Ann. Neurol. 8: 1–11.
Welch, K. M. A., Meyer, J. S., and Kwant, S., 1972, J. Neurochem. 19: 1079–1087.
Brodner, R. A., Dohrmann, G. J., Roth, R. H., and Rubin, R. A., 1980, Surg. Neurol. 13: 337–343.
Fernstrom, J. D., and Wurtman, R. J., 1972, Science 178: 414–416.
Oldendorf, W. H., and Seabo, J., 1976, Am. J. Physiol. 230: 94–98.
Miller, M., and Resnick, O., 1980, Exp. Neurol. 67: 298–314.
Eccleston, D., Ashcroft, G. W., and Crawford, T. B. B., 1965, J. Neurochem. 12: 493–503.
Ashcroft, G. W., Eccleston, D., and Crawford, T. B. B., 1965, J. Neurochem. 12: 483–492.
Fernstrom, J. D., and Wurtman, R. J., 1971, Science 173: 149–152.
Ternaux, J. P., Boireau, A., Bourgoin, S., Hamon, M., Hery, F., and Glowinski, J., 1976, Brain Res. 101: 533–548.
Eccleston, D., Ashcroft, G. W., Moir, A. T. B., Parker-Rhodes, A., Lutz, W., and O’Mahoney, D. P., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 947–957.
Young, S. N., Garelis, E., Lal, S., Martin, J. B., Molina-Negro, P., and Sourkes, T. L., 1974, J. Neurochem. 22: 777–779.
Modigh, K., 1975, J. Neurochem. 25: 351–352.
Young, S. N., Gauthier, S., Anderson, G. M., and Purdy, W. C., 1980, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 43: 438–445.
Young, S. N., Etienne, P., and Sourkes, T. L., 1976, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 39: 239–243.
Rapoport, M. I., and Beisel, W. R., 1968, J. Clin. Invest. 47: 934–939.
Rapoport, M. I., Feigin, R. D., Bruton, J., and Beisel, W. R., 1966, Science 153: 1642–1644.
Hery, F., Chouvet, G., Kan, J. P., Pugol, J. F., and Glowinski, J., 1977, Brain Res. 123: 137–145.
Young, S. N., Anderson, G. M., and Purdy, W. C., 1980, J. Neurochem. 34: 309–315.
Giulian, D., Pohorecky, L. A., and McEwen, B. S., 1973, Endocrinology 93: 1329–1335.
Young, S. N., Anderson, G. M., Gauthier, S., and Purdy, W. C., 1981, J. Neurochem. 34: 1087–1092.
Everett, G. M., 1974, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 10: 261–262.
Guilleminault, C., Tharp, B. R., and Cousin, D., 1973, J. Neurol. Sci. 18: 435–441.
Trimble, M., Chadwick, D., Reynolds, E. H., and Marsden, C. D., 1975, Lancet 1: 583.
Von Woert, M. H., and Sethy, V. H., 1975, Neurology (Minneap.) 25: 135–140.
Magnussen, I., Nielsen-Kudsk, F., 1980, Acta Pharrnacol. Toxicol. (Kbh.) 46: 257–262.
Kuhar, M. J., Roth, R. H., and Aghajanian, G. K., 1971, Brain Res. 35: 167–176.
Corrodi, H., Fuxe, K., and Hökfelt, T., 1967, J. Pharm. Pharrnacol. 19: 433–438.
Moir, A. T. B., and Eccleston, D., 1968, J. Neurochem. 15: 1093–1108.
Roos, B. E., 1962, Life Sci. 1: 25–27.
Ashcroft, G. W., Dow, R. C., and Moir, A. T. B., 1968, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 199: 397–425.
Bulat, M., and Zivkovic, B., 1973, J. Pharm. Pharncacol. 25: 178–179.
Bowers, M. B., 1970, J. Neurochem. 17: 827–828.
Meek, J. L., and Neff, N. J., 1973, Neuropharmacology 12: 497–499.
Bulat, M., and Zivkovic, B., 1978, J. Physiol. (Loud.) 275: 191–197.
Eccleston, D., Ashcroft, G. W., Crawford, T. B. B., Stanton, J. B., Wood, D., and McTurk, P. H., 1970, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 33: 269–272.
Jakupcevic, M., Lackovic, Z., Stefoski, D., and Bulat, M., 1977, J. Neurol. Sci. 31: 165–177.
Garelis, E., and Neff, N. H., 1974. Science 183: 532–533.
Weir, R. L., Chase, R. N.. Ng, L. K. Y., and Kopin, I. J., 1973, Brain Res. 52: 409–412.
Bulat, M., 1977, Brain Res. 122: 388–391.
Bulat, M., Lackovic, Z., Jakupcevic, M., and Damjanov. I., 1974, Science 185: 527–528.
Nicoletti, F., Raffaele, R.. Falsaperle, A., and Paci, R., 1981, Ear. Neurol. 20: 8–12.
Anderson, H., and Roos, B.-E., 1969, Acta Paediatr. Scand. 58: 601–608.
Gottfries, C. G., Roos, B.-E., and Winblad, B., 1974, Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 50: 496–507.
Hare, T. A., and Wood, J. H., 1982, Handbook of Neurochemistry, 2nd ed. Volume 10 (A. Lajtha, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Botez, M. I., Young, S. N., Bachevalier, J., and Gauthier, S., 1979, Nature 278: 182–183.
Chase, T. N., Katz, R. I., and Kopin, I. J., 1970, Neuropharmacology 9: 103–108.
Tabakoff, B., Bulat, M., and Anderson, R. A., 1975, Nature 254: 708–710.
Fahn, S., 1979, Adv. Neurol. 26: 117.
Guldberg, H. C., Ashcroft. G. W., and Crawford, T. B. B., 1966, Life Sci. 5: 1571–1575.
Zivkovic, B., and Bulat, M., 1971, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 23: 539.
Green, A. R., and Grahame-Smith, D. G., 1975, Neuropharmacology 14: 107–113.
Shaywitz, B. A., Cohen, D. J., and Bowers, M. B., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 219–236.
Livrea, P., Di Reda, L., Puca, F. M., Genco, S., Specchio, L. M., and Papagno, G., 1977, Eur. Neurol. 16: 280–285.
Hyyppä, M. T., and Kangasniemi, P., 1977, Headache 17: 25–27.
Anderson, G. M., and Purdy, W. C., 1979, Anal. Chem. 51: 283–286.
Ashcroft, G. W., and Sharman, D. F., 1962, Br. J. Pharmacol. 19: 153–160.
Beck, O., and Hesselgren, T., 1980, J. Chromatogr. 181: 100–102.
Dombro, R., and Hutson, D. G., 1980, Clin. Chim. Acta 100: 231–237.
Korf, J., and Valkenburgh, T., 1969, Clin. Chem. Acta 26: 301–306.
Nelson, P. V., Carey, W. F., and Pollard, A. C., 1975, J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 828–833.
Daly, J. W., 1977, Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System, Plenum Press, New York.
Daly, J. W., 1977, Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 20: 105–168.
Ferrendelli, J. A., 1978, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 9: 453–464.
Ferrendelli, J. A., 1975, Cyclic Nucleotides in Disease (B. Weiss, ed.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 377–390.
Nathanson, J. A.. 1977, Physiol. Rev. 57: 157–256.
Weiss, B., and Costa, E., 1968, Biochem. Pharmacol. 17: 2107–2116.
Ferrendelli, J. A., Kinscherf, D. A., and Chang, M. M., 1975, Brain Res. 84: 63–73.
Nakayawa, K., and Sano, M., 1974, J. Biol. Chem. 249: 4207–4211.
Cramer, H. M., Paul, M. 1., Silvergeld, S., and Forn, J., 1971, J. Neurochem. 18: 1605–1608.
Schmidt, M. J., Schmidt, D. E., and Robison, G. A., 1971, Science 173: 1142–1143.
Steiner, A. L., Ferrendelli, J. A., and Kipnis, D. M., 1972, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 1121–1124.
Goldberg, N. D., O’Dea, R. F., and Haddox, M. K., 1973, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 3: 155–223.
Bloom, F. E., Hoffer, B. J., Battenberg, E. F., Siggins, G. R., Steiner, A. L., Parker, C. W., and Wedner, H. J., 1972, Science 177: 436–438.
Wedner, H. J., Hoffer, B. J., Battenberg, E. F., Steiner, A. L., Parker, C. W., and Bloom. F. E., 1972, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20: 293–295.
Mao, C. C., Guidetti, A., and Landis, S., 1975, Brain Res. 90: 335–339.
Rubin, E. H., and Ferrendelli, J. A., 1977, J. Neurochem. 29: 43–51.
Peake, G. T., Wilson, M. C., and Ratner, A., 1975, Cyclic Nucleotides in Disease (B. Weiss, ed.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 227–255.
Phillis, J. W., 1977, Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 4: 151–195.
Kebabian, J. W., 1977, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 8: 421–508.
Rindler, M. J., Bashor, M. M., Spitzer, N., and Saier, H. H., 1978, J. Biol. Chem. 253: 5431–5436.
Gorin, E., and Brenner, T., 1976, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 451: 20–28.
Sebens, J. B., and Korf, J., 1975, Exp. Neurol. 46: 333–344.
Dascombe, M. J., and Milton, A. S., 1975, Br. J. Pharmacol. 54: 254P - 255 P.
Brooks, B. R., Engel, W. K., and Sode, J., 1977, Arch. Neurol. 34: 468–469.
Korf, J., Boer, P. H., and Fekkes, D.. 1976, Brain Res. 113: 551–561.
Kiessling, M., Lindl, T., and Cramer, H., 1975, Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 220: 325–333.
Florendo, N. T., Barrnett, R. J., and Greengard, P., 1971, Science 173: 745–747.
Cramer, H., Renaud, B., and Ortega-Suhr Kamp, E., 1975, J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 13: 245.
Tsang, D., Lal, S., Sourkes, T. L., Ford, R. M., and Aronoff, A., 1976, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 39: 1186–1190.
Fleischer, A. S., Rudman, D. R., Fresh, C. B., and Tindall, G. T., 1977, J. Neurosurg. 47: 517–524.
Rudman, D., O’Brien, M. S., McKinney, A. S., Hoffman, J. C., and Patterson, J. H., 1976, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42: 1088–1097.
Myllylä, V. V., Vapaatalo, H., Hokkanen, E., and Heikkinen, E. R., 1974, Eur. Neurol. 12: 28–32.
Katz, J. B., Valases, C., Catravas, G. N., and Wright, S. J., 1978, Life Sci. 22: 445–450.
Perlow, M. J., Festoff, B., Gordon, E. K., Ebert, M. H., Johnson, D. K., and Chase, T. N., 1977, Brain Res. 126: 391–396.
Clarenbach, P. A., Wenzel, D. C., and Cramer, H. L., 1978, Eur. Neurol. 17: 83–86.
Myllylä, V. V., Heikkinen, E. R., Similä, S., Hokkanen, E., and Vapaatalo, H., 1975, Z. Kinderheilkd. 118: 259–264.
Heikkinen, E. R., Myllylä, V. V., Vapaatalo, H., and Hokkanen, E., 1974, Eur. Neurol. 11: 270–280.
Cramer, H., Goodwin, F. K., Post, R. M., and Bunny, W. E., 1972, Lancet 1: 1346–1347.
Geisler, A., Bech, P., Johannesen, M., and Rafaelsen, O. J., 1976, Neuropsychobiology 2: 211–220.
Cramer, H., Ng, L. K. Y., and Chase, T. N., 1973, Arch. Neurol. 29: 197–199.
Post, R. M., Cramer, H., and Goodwin, F. K., 1977, Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders (E. Usdin, D. A. Hamberg and J. D. Barchas, eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 464–469.
Fleischer, A. S., and Tindall, G. T., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood; ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 337–344.
Gilman, A. G., 1972, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 2: 9–24.
Gilman, A. G., 1970, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67: 305–312.
Tovey, K. C., Oldham, K. G., and Whelan, J. A. M., 1974, Clin. Chim. Acta 56: 221–234.
Goldberg, M. L., 1977, Clin. Chem. 23: 576–580.
Harper, J. F., and Brooker, G., 1975, J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 1: 207–218.
Steiner, A. L., Wehmann, R. E., Parker, C. W., and Kipnis, D. M., 1972, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 2: 51–61.
Tihon, C., Goren, M. B., Spitz, E., and Rickenberg, H. V., 1977, Anal. Biochem. 80: 652–653.
Zimmerman, T. P., Winston, M. S., and Chu, L. C., 1976, Anal. Biochem. 71: 79–95.
Goldberg, N. D., O’Toole, A. G., and Haddox, M. K., 1972, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 2: 63–80.
Cserr, H., and Van Dyke, D. H., 1971, Am. J. Physiol. 220: 718–723.
Forn, J., 1972, Biochem. Pharmacol. 21: 619–624.
Wolfson, L. I., Katzman, R., and Escriva, A., 1974, Neurology (Minneap.) 24: 772–779.
Burns, D., London, J., Brunswick, D. J., Pring, M., Garkinkel, D., Rabinowitz, J. L., and Mendels, J., 1976, Biol. Psychiatry 11: 125–157.
Cramer, H., Ng, L. K. Y., and Chase, T. N., 1972, J. Neurochem. 19: 1601–1602.
Chase, T. N., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 207–218.
Goodwin, F. K., Post, R. M., Dunner, D. L., and Gordon, E. K., 1973, Am. J. Psychiatry 130: 73–79.
Neff, N. H., Tozer, T. N., and Brodie, B. B., 1967, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 158: 214.
Watson, E., and Wilk, S., 1973, J. Neurochem. 21: 1569–1571.
Sharpless, N. S., 1981, Neuropharmacology, 20: 211–216.
Krulich, L., 1979, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 41: 603–615.
McCann, S. M., Krulich, L., Ojeda, S. R., Negro-Vilar, A., and Vijayan, E., 1979, Central Regulation of the Endocrine System (K. Fine, T. Hökfelt, and R. Luft, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 329–347.
Weiner, R. I., and Ganong, W. F., 1978, Physiol. Rev. 58: 905–976.
McCann, S. M., 1980. Neuroendocrinology 31: 355–363.
Lumpkin, M. D., Negro-Vilar, A., and McCann, S. M., 1981, Science 211: 1072–1074.
Tache, Y., Charpenet, G., Chretien, M., and Collu, R., 1979, Central Nervous System Effects of Hypothalamic Hormones and Other Peptides. (R. Collu, A. Barbeau, J. R. Ducharne, and J.-G. Rachefort, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 301–313.
Jackson, I. M. D., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 625–650.
Knigge, K. M., Morris, M., Scott, D. E., Joseph, S. A., Notter, M., Schock, D., and Krobisch-Dudley, G., 1975, Fluid Environment of the Brain (H. F. Cserr, J. D. Fenstermacher, and V. Fencl, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 237–253.
Knigge, K. M., Scott, D. E., Kobayashi, H., and Ishii, S. (eds.), 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction, II, The Ventricular System in Neuroendocrine Mechanisms, S. Karger, Basel.
Rodriguez, E. M., 1976, J. Endocrinol. 71: 407–443.
Perlow, M. J., 1981, Brain Res. Bull. 6: 171–176.
Post, K. D., Biller, B. J., and Jackson, I. M. D., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid l (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 591–604.
Vigh, B., and Vigh-Teichman, I., 1973, Int. Rev. Cytol. 35: 189–251.
Vigh-Teichman, I., and Vigh, B., 1970, Aspects of Neuroendocrinology (W. Bargmann and B. Scharrer, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 329–337.
Pollay, M., 1979, Contemporary Neurosurgery 14 ( G. T. Tindall and D. M. Long, eds.), Williams Wilkins, Baltimore.
Joseph, S. A., and Knigge, K. M., 1978, The Hypothalamus (S. Reichlin, R. J. Baldissarini, and J. B. Martin, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 15–47.
Uremura, H., Asai, T., Nozaki, M., and Kobayashi, H., 1975, Cell Tissue Res. 160: 443–452.
Willkowski, W., 1968, Z. Zellforsch. 86: 111–128.
Kobayashi, H., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction, II, The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and S. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 109–122.
Bergland, R. M., Davis, S. L., and Page, R. B., 1977, Lancet 2: 276–277.
Oliver, C., Mical, R. S., and Porter, J. C., 1977, Endocrinology 101: 598–604.
Nakai, Y., and Naito, N., 1974, J. Electron Microsc. (Tokyo) 23: 19–32.
Weindl, A., 1973, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (W. F. Ganong and L. Martini, eds.), Oxford University Press, London, pp. 1–32.
Kizer, J. S., Palkovits, M., and Brownstern, M. J., 1976, Endocrinology 98: 311–317.
Wald, A., Hochwald, G. M., and Gandhi, M., 1978, Brain Res. 151: 283–290.
Cornford, E. M., Braun, L. D., Crane, P. D., and Oldendorf, W. H., 1978, Endocrinology 103: 1297–1303.
Miyachi, Y., Mecklenburg, R. S., Hansen, J. W., and Lipsett, M. B., 1973, J. Clin. Endocrinol. 37: 63–67.
Redding, T. W., and Schally, A. V., 1972, Neuroendocrinology 9: 250–256.
Clemens, J. A., and Sawyer, B. D., 1974, Exp. Brain Res. 21: 399–402.
Becker, K. L., Silva, O. L., Post, R. M., Ballenger, J. C., Carman, J. S., Snider, R. H., and Moore, C. F., 1980, Brain Res. 194: 598–602.
Stekolinikov, L. 1., and Abdukarimov, A., 1969, Biofizika 14: 921–925.
Margolis, R. H., and Altszuler, N., 1967, Nature 215: 1375–1376.
Rapoport, S. 1., Klee, W. A., Pettigrew, K. D., and Ohno, K., 1980, Science 207: 84–86.
Marynick, S. P., Smith, G. B., Ebert, M. H., and Loriaux, L. D., 1977. Endocrinology 101: 562–567.
Marynick, S. P., Wood, J. H., and Loriaux, L. D., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid I (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 605–611.
Pardridge, W. M., and Mietus, L. J., 1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64: 145–154.
Kendall, J. W., Seaich, J. L., Allen, J. P., and Vander Laan, W. P., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction II: The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and S. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 313–325.
Kendall, J. W., Jacobs, J. J.. and Kramer, R. M., 1971, Brain-Endocrine Interaction: Median Eminence: Structure and Function (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, and A. Weidl, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 342–349.
Allen, J. P., Kendall, J. W. McGilvra, R., and Vancura, C.. 1974, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 38: 586–593.
Shambaugh, G. E., III, Wilber. J. F., Montoya, E., Reider, H., and Blonsky, E. R., 1975, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41: 131–134.
Hyyppä, M. T., Liira, J., and Languik, V.-A., 1978, Ann. Clin. Res. 10: 133–138.
Kronheim, S., Berelowitz, M., and Pimstone, B. L., 1977, Clin. Endocrinol. 6: 411–415.
S¢rensen, K. V., Christensen, S. E., Dupont, E., Hansen, A. P., Pedersen, E., and Orskov, H., 1980, Acta Neurol. Scand. 61: 186–191.
Schaub, C., Bluet-Pajot, M. T., Szikla, G., Lornet, C., and Talairach, J., 1977, J. Neurol. Sci. 31: 123–131.
Hagen, G. A., and Elliott, W. J., 1973, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 37: 415–422.
Schroeder, L. L., Johnson, J. C., and Malarkey, W. B., 1976, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43: 1255–1260.
Luboshitzky, R., and Barzilai, D., 1978, Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 87: 673–680.
Bäckström, T., Carstensen, H., and Södergard, R., 1976, J. Steroid Biochem. 7: 469–472.
Arendt, J., Wetterburg, L., Heyden, T., Sizenenko, P. C., and Paunier, L., Horm. Res. 8: 65–75.
Jenkins, J. S., Mather, H. M., and Ang, V., 1980, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 364–367.
Greco, A. V., Ghirlanda, G., Fedeli, G., and Gambassi, G., Eur. Neurol. 3: 303–307.
Rehfeld, J. F., and Kruse-Larsen, C., 1978, Brain Res. 155: 19–26.
Fahrenkrug, J., Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, O. B., and Fahrenkrug, A., 1977, Brain Res. 124: 581–584.
Smith, A. G., and Shuster, S., 1976, Lancet 1: 1321–1322.
Nakao, K., Nakai, Y., Oki, S., Matsubara, S., Konishi, T., Nishitani, H., and Imura, H., 1980, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 230–233.
Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Sullivan, S., and Barchas, J. D., 1978, Life Sci. 23: 121–126.
Horita, A., and Carino, M. A., 1975, Psychopharmacol. Commun. 1: 403–414.
Brown, M., River, J., Kobayashi, R., and Vale, W., 1978, Gut Hormones (S. R. Bloom, ed.), Churchill-Livingston, Edinburgh, pp. 550–558.
Smith, J. R., LaHann, T. R., Chesnut, R. M., Carino, M. A., and Horita, A., 1976, Science 196: 660–662.
Vijayan, E., and McCann, S. M., 1977, Endocrinology 100: 1727–1730.
Kendall, J. W., Rees, L. H.. and Kramer, R., 1971, Endocrinology 88: 1503–1506.
Gordon, J., Bollinger, J., and Reichlin, S., 1972, Endocrinology 91: 696–701.
Oliver, C., Ben-Jonathan, N., Mical, R. S., and Porter, S. C., 1975, Endocrinology 97: 1138–1143.
Calas, A., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction II, The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and S. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 54–69.
Nicoll, R. A., Alger, B. E., and Jahr, C. E., 1980, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.] 210: 133–149.
Oliver, C., Charvet, J. P., Codaccioni, J. L., Vagne, J., and Porter, J. C., 1974, Lancet 1: 873.
Pardridge, W. M., 1979, Endocrinology 105: 605–612.
Hagen, G. A., and Solberg, L. A., 1974, Endocrinology 95: 1398–1410.
Goldgefter, L., 1976, Cell Tissue Res. 168: 411–418.
Recabarren, S. E., and Wheaton, J. E., 1978, Neuroendocrinology 27: 1–8.
Ondo, J. G., Eskay, R. L., Mical, R. S., and Porter, J. C., 1973, Endocrinology 93: 231–237.
Ben-Jonathan, N., Mical, R. S.. and Porter, J. C., 1974, Endocrinology 95: 18–25.
Zimmerman, E. A., Koylowski, G. P., and Scott, D. E., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction II, The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and S. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger. Basel, pp. 123–134.
Cramer, O. M., and Barraclough, C. A., 1975, Endocrinology 96: 913–921.
Joseph, S. A., Sorrentino, S.. and Sundberg, D. K., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction II, The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and S. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 306–321.
Morris, M., Tandy, B., Sundberg, D. K., and Knigge, K. M., 1975, Neuroendocrinology 18: 131–135.
Coppings, R. J., Malven, P. V., and Ramirez, V. D., 1977, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 154: 219–223.
Gunn, A., Fraser. H. M., Jeffcoate. S. L., Holland, D. T., and Jeffcoate, W. J., 1974, Lancet 1: 1057.
Miyake, A., Kurachi, H., Kawamura, Y., Aono, T., Kurachi, K., and Yanogida, T., 1980. Endocrinol. Jpn. 27: 117–119.
Rolandi, E., Barreca, T., Mastuizo, P., Gianrossi, R., Palleri, A., and Perria, C., 1976, Lancet 1: 1080.
Puri, C. P., Puri, V., David, G. F. X., and Anand Kumar, T. C., 1980, Brain Res. 200: 377–387.
Challis, J. R. G., Naftolin, F., Davies, I. J., Ryan, K. J., and Lanman, T., 1976, Subcellular Mechanisms in Reproductive Neuroendocrinology (F. Naftolin, K. J. Ryan, and J. Davies, eds.), Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 247–261.
McEwen, B. S., 1976, Subcellular Mechanisms in Reproductive Neuroendocrinology (F. Naftolin, K. J., Ryan, and J. Davies, eds.), Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 277–304.
Westphal, U. (ed.), 1971, Steroid-Protein Interactions, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Marynick, S. P., Havens, W. W., Ebert, M. H., and Loriaux, L. D., 1976, Endocrinology 99: 400–405.
Logins, I. S., and MacLeod, R. M., 1977, Brain Res. 132: 477–483.
Assies, J., Schellekens, P. M., and Touber, J. L., 1978, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 46: 576–586.
Jordan, R. M., McDonald, S. D., Stevens, E. A., and Kendall, J. W., 1979, Arch. Intern. Med. 139: 208–211.
Assies, J., Schellekens, P. M., and Touber, J. L., 1978, Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 8: 487–491.
Latvala, M., Lüra, J., Langvik, V.-A., Jaykkä, H., Vapalahta, M., and Hyyppä, M. T., 1980, Life Sci. 26: 1479–1484.
Jimerson, D. C., Post, R. M., Skyler, J., and Bunney, W. E., 1976, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 28: 845–847.
Nicholson, G., Greeley, G. H., Humm, J., Youngblood, W. W., and Kizer, J. S., 1980, Brain Res. 190: 447–457.
Brownstein, M., Arimura, A., Sato, H., Schelly, A. V., and Kizer. J. S., 1975, Endocrinology 96: 1456–1461.
Alpert, L. C., Brawer, J. R., Patel, Y. C., and Reichlin, S., 1976, Endocrinology 98: 255–258.
Hökfelt, T., Elde, R., Johansson, O., Luft, R., and Arimura, A., 1975, Neurosci. Lett. 1: 231–235.
Renaud, L. P., Martin, J. B., and Brazeau, P., 1975, Lancet 225: 233–235.
Hall, R., Snow, M., Scanlon, M., Mora, B., and Gomez-Pan, A., 1978, Metabolism 27: 1257–1262.
Chihara, K., Arimura, A., Chihara, M., and Schally, A. V., 1978, Endocrinology 103: 912–916.
Patel, Y. C., Rao, K., and Reichlin, S., 1977, N. Engl. J. Med. 296: 529–533.
S¢rensen, K. V., Christensen, S. E., Dupont, E., Hansen, A. P., Pedersen, E., and Orskov, H., 1980, Acta Neurol. Scand. 61: 186–191.
Cramer, H., Kohler, J., Oepen, G., Schomburg, G., and Schröter, E.. 1981. J. Neurol. 225: 183–187.
Arnold, M. A., Perlow, M. J., Reppert, S. M., Rorstad, O. P., and Martin, J. B.. 1980, Ann. Neurol. 8: 104.
Linfoot, J. A., Garcia, J. F., Wei, W., Fink, R., Sarin, R., Born. J. L., and Laurence, J. H., 1970, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 31: 230–232.
Thomas, F. J., Lloyd, J. M., and Thomas, M. J., 1972, J. Clin. Pathol. 25: 774–782.
Allen, J. P., Kendall, J. W., McGilvra, R., Lamorena, T. L., and Castro, A., 1974, Arch. Neurol. 31: 325–328.
Nakao, K., Oki. S.. Tanaka, I., Horii, K., Nakai, Y., Furui, T., Masonori, F., Kuwayama, A., Kageyama, N.. and Imura, H., 1980, J. Clin. Invest. 66: 1383–1390.
Jordan, R. M., Kendall, J. W., Seaich, J. L., Allen, J. P., Paulsen, C. A., Kerber. C. W., and VanderLaan, W. P.. 1976, Ann. Intern. Med. 85: 49–55.
Kendall, J., and Orwoll, E., 1980, Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology, Volume 6 (L. Martini and W. F. Ganong, eds.). Raven Press, New York. pp. 33–65.
Carroll, B. J., Curtis, G. C., and Mendels, J.. 1976, Psychol. Med. 6: 235–244.
Uete, T., Nishimura, S., Ohya, H., and Tatebayashi, Y., 1970, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 30: 208–214.
Perlow, M. J., Reppert, S. M., Boyart, R. M., and Klein, D. C., Neuroendocrinology 32: 193–196.
Kastin, A. J., Sandman, C. A., Stratton, L. O., Schally, A. V.. and Miller, L. H., 1975, Prog. Brain Res. 42: 143–150.
Leonard, B. E., Kafoe, W. F., Thody, A. J., and Shuster, S., 1976, J. Neurosci. Res. 2: 39–45.
Rudman, D., Scott, J. W., DelRio, A. E., Houser, D. H., and Sheen, S., 1974. Am. J. Physiol. 226: 682–686.
Rudman, D., DelRio, A. E., Hollins, B. M., Houser, D. H., Keeling, M. E.. Sutin, J., Scott, J. W., Sears, R. A., and Rosenberg, M. L., 1973, Endocrinology 92: 372–379.
Thody, A. J., DeRotte, A. A., and Van Wimersma Greidanus, T. J. B., 1979, Brain Res. Bull. 4: 213–216.
De Rotte, A. A., Bouman, H. J., and Van Wimersma Greidanus, T. J. B., 1980, Brain Res. Bull. 4: 213–216.
George, J. M., 1978, Science 200: 342–343.
George, J. M., and Jacobowitz, D. M., 1975, Brain Res. 93: 363–366.
DeWied, D., 1976, Life Sci. 19: 685–690.
Raichle, M. E., and Grubb, R. L., 1978, Brain Res. 143: 191–194.
Pavel, S., Psatta, D., and Goldstein, R., 1977, Brain Res. Bull. 2: 251–254.
Luerssen, T. G., and Robertson, G. L., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 613–623.
Vorherr, H., Bradbury, M. W. B., Hoghoughi, M., and Kleeman, C. R., 1968, Endocrinology 83: 246–250.
Heller, H., Hasan, S. H., and Saifi, A. W., 1968, J. Endocrinol. 41: 273–280.
Pavel, S., Goldstein, R., Papovicin, Carfariu, O., Foldes, A., and Farkas, E., 1979, Waking Sleeping 3: 347–352.
Goldstein, R., and Pavel, S., 1977, J. Endocrinol. 75: 175–176.
Pavel, S., Goldstein, R., Gheorghui, C., and Calb, M., 1977, Science 197: 179–180.
Pavel, S., and Goldstein, R., 1979, J. Endocrinol. 82: 1–6.
Pavel, S., 1979, Prog. Brain Res. 52: 445–458.
Zaidi, S. M., and Heller, H., 1974, Endocrinology 60: 195–196.
Brownfield, M. S., and Kozlowski, G. P., 1977, Cell Tissue Res. 178: 111–127.
Buigs, R. M., Swaab, D. F., Dogterom, J., and van Leeuwen, F. W., 1978, Cell Tissue Res. 186: 423–433.
Schultz, W. J., Brownfield, M. S., and Kozlowski, G. P., 1977, Cell Tissue Res. 178: 129–141.
Reppert, S. M., Artman, H. G., Swaminathan, S., and Fisher, D. A., 1981, Science 213: 1256–1257.
Pavel, S., 1970, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 31: 369–371.
Pavel, S., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 271–273.
Severs, N. B., and Daniels-Severs, A. E., 1973, Pharmacol. Rev. 25: 415–449.
Ganten, D., Marquey-Julio, A., Granger, P., Hayduk, K., Karsunky. K. P.. Boucher, R., and Genest, J., 1971, Ain. J. Physiol. 221: 1733–1751.
Quinlan, J. T., and Phillips, M. 1., 1981, Brain Res. 205: 212–218.
Simpson, J. B., 1981, Neuroendocrinology. 32: 248–256.
Phillips, M. I., 1978, Neuroendocrinology 25: 354–377.
Schelling, P., Ganten, U.. Sponer, G., Unger. T., and Ganten, D., 1980, Neuroendocrinology 31: 297–308.
Kondo, K., Garcia, R., Boucher. R., and Genest. J., 1980, Brain Res. 200: 437–441.
Reid, 1. A., and Moffat, B., 1978, Endocrinology 103: 1494–1498.
Reid, 1. A., 1976, Regulation of Blood Pressure by the Central Nervous System (G. Onesti, M. Fernandes, and K. E. Kim. eds.), Grune Stratton. New York, pp. 161–174.
Halperin, E. A., Summy-Long. J. Y., Keil. L. C., and Severs, W. B., 1981, Brain Res. 205: 219–221.
Yamamoto, M., Share. L., and Shade, R. E., 1978, Neuroendocrinology 25: 166–173.
Epstein, A. N., Fitzsimmons, J. T., and Rolls, B. J., 1970. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 210: 457–474.
Simpson, J. B., Saad, W. A., and Epstein. A. N.. 1976, Regulation of Blood Pressure by the Central Nervous System (G. Onesti, M. Fernandes, and K. E. Kim, eds.). Grune Stratton, New York, pp. 191–202.
Semple, P. F., MacRae, W. A., and Morton, J. J., 1980, Clin. Sci. 59: 61s - 64s.
Austin, L. A., and Heath, H., 1981, N. Engl. J. Med. 304: 269–278.
Deftos, L. F., Burton, D., Bone, H. G., Catherwood, B. D., Parthemore, J. G., Moore, R. Y., Minick, S., and Guillemin, R., 1978, Life Sci. 23: 743–748.
Becker, K. L., Snider, R. H., Moore, C. F., Monagham, K. G., and Silva, O. L., 1979, Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 92: 746–751.
Nakhla, A. M., and Nandi Majumdar, A. P., 1978, Biochem. J. 170: 445–448.
Carman, J. S., and Wyatt, R. J., 1979, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32: 72–75.
Pecile, A., Ferri, S., Braga, P. C., and Olgiati, V. R., 1975, Experientia 31: 332–333.
Braga, P., Ferri, S., Santagostino, A., Olgiati, V. R., and Pecile, A., 1978, Life Sci. 22: 971–977.
Pavlinac, D. M., Lenhard, L. W., Parthemore, J. G., and Deftos, L. J., 1980, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 717–720.
Innis, R. B., Correa, F. M. A., Uhl, R., Schneider, B., and Snyder, S. H., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 521–525.
Straus, E., and Yalow, R. S., 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 486–489.
Schanger, M. C., Jacobson, E. D., and Dafny, N., 1978, Neuroendocrinology 25: 329–342.
Smith, G. P., and Gibbs, J., 1975, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 3 (Suppl.): 135–138.
Straus, E., and Yalow, R. S., 1979, Science 203: 68–69.
McCaleb, M. L., and Myers, R. D., 1980, Peptides 1: 47–49.
Della-Fera, M. A., and Baile, C. A., 1980, Peptides 1: 51–54.
Rehfeld, J. F., 1978, Nature 271: 771–773.
Emson, P. C., Fahrenkrug, J., Schaffalizky de Muckadell, O. B., Jessell, T. M., and Iversen, L. L., 1978, Brain Res. 143: 174–178.
Ebeid, A. M., Smith, A. R., Escourrou, J., Murry, P., and Fischer, J. E., 1978, J. Surg. Res. 25: 538–541.
Ebeid, A. M., Attia, R. R., Sundavam, P., and Fischer, J. E., 1979, Am. J. Surg. 137: 123–127.
Kato, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Iwasaki, J., Abe, H., Yanaihara, N., and Imura, H., 1978, Endocrinology 103: 554–558.
Clark, W. G., Lipton, J. M., and Said, S. I., 1978, Neuropharmacology 17: 883–885.
Hales, C. N., and Randle, P. J., 1963, Biochem. J. 88: 137–146.
Margolis, R. U., and Altszuler, N., 1968, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 127: 1122–1125.
Brownstein, M. J., Mroz, E. A., Kizer, J. S., Palkovits, M., and Leeman, S. E., 1976, Brain Res. 116: 299–305.
Hökfelt, T., Johansson, O., Kellerth, J. O., Ljungdahl, A., Nilsson, G., Nygords, A., and Pernow, B., 1977, Substance P (U. S. von Euler and B. Pernow, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 117–145.
Hökfelt, T., Elfvin, L. G., Schultzberg, M., Goldstein, M., and Nilsson, G., 1977, Brain Res. 132: 29–41.
Chihara, K., Arimura, A., Coy, D. H., and Schally, A. V., 1978, Endocrinology 102: 281–290.
Hosobuchi, Y., Emson, P., and Iversen, L. L., 1982, Proceedings of World Congress on Pain (J. Bonica, ed.), Raven Press, New York.
Nutt, J. G., Mroz, E. A., Leeman, S. E., Williams, A. C. Engel, W. K., and Chase, T. N., 1980, Neurology (Minneap.) 30: 1280–1285.
Nutt, J. G., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Burbach, J. P. H., Loeber, J. G., Verhoef, J., deKloet, E. R., van Ree, J. M., and deWied, D., 1979, Lancet 2: 480–481.
Naber, D., Cohen, R. M., Pickar, D., Kalin, N. H., Davis, G., Pert, C. B.. and Bunney, W. E., 1981, Life Sci. 28: 931–935.
Gramsch, C., Höllt. V., Mehraein, P., Pasi, A., and Hery, A., 1979. Brain Res. 171: 261–270.
Rosier, J., and Bloom, F., 1979, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 20: 165–185.
Bloom, F. E., and Segal, D. S., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid l (J. H. Wood. ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 651–664.
Bloom, F. E., Segal, D., Ling, N., and Guillemin, R., 1976, Science 194: 630–632.
Feldberg, W., and Smyth, D. G., 1976, J. Physiol. (Land.) 260: 30P - 31 P.
Hosobuchi, Y., and Li, C. H., 1978, Commun. Psychopharmacol. 2: 33–37.
Moss, I. R., and Friedman, E., 1978, Life Sci. 23: 1271–1276.
Feldberg, W., and Wei, E., 1978, J. Phvsiol. (Lond.) 280: 18 P.
Garcia-Sevilla, J. A., Ahtee, L., Mognusson, T., and Carlsson, A., 1978, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 30: 613–621.
Holaday, J. W., Tseng, L.-F., Loh, H. H., and Li, C. H., 1978, Life Sci. 22: 1537–1544.
Jeffcoate, W. J. L., McLoughlin, L., Hope, J., Rees, L. H., Ratter, S. J., Lowry, P. J., and Besser, G. M., 1978, Lancet 2: 119–121.
Nakao, K., Nakai, Y., Oki, S., Matsubara, S., Konishi, T., Nishitani, H., and Imura, H., 1980, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 230–233.
McLoughlin, L., Lowry, P. J., Ratter, S. J. Hope, J., Besser, G. M., and Rees, L. H.. 1981, Neuroendocrinology. 32: 209–212.
Miller, R. J., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1979, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 20: 187–225.
Belluzzi, J. D., Grant, N., Garsky, V., Sarantakis, D., Wise, C. D., and Stein, L., 1976, Nature 260: 625–626.
Tortella, F. C., Noreton, J. E., and Khazan, N., 1978, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 206: 636–642.
Urca, G., Frenk, H., Liebeskind, J. C., and Taylor, A. N., 1977, Science 197: 83–86.
Dupont, A., Cusan, L., Labrie, F., Coy, D. H., and Li, C. H., 1977, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 75: 76–82.
Clement-Jones, V., Lowry, P. J., Rees, L. H., and Besser, G. M., 1980, J. Endocrinol. 86: 231–243.
Furui, T., Kageyama, N., Haga, T.. Ichiyama, A., and Fukushima, M., 1980, Pain 9: 63–72.
Minneman, K. P., and Wurtman, R. J., 1976, Anna. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 16: 33–5I.
Tamarkin, L., Hollister, C., Lefebure, N. G., and Goldman, B. D., 1977, Science 198: 953–955.
Ozaki, Y., and Lynch, H. J., 1976, Endocrinology 99: 641–644.
Reppert, S. M., Perlow, M. J., Tamarkin, L., and Klein, D. C., 1979, Endocrinology 104: 295–301.
Rollag, M. D., Morgan, R. J., and Niswender, G. D., 1978, Endocrinology 102: 1–8.
Reiter, R. J., Voughan, M. K., and Blask, D. E., 1975, Brain-Endocrine Interaction II, The Ventricular System (K. M. Knigge, D. E. Scott, H. Kobayashi, and J. Ishii, eds.), S. Karger, Basel, pp. 337–354.
Withyachumnarnkul, B., and Knigge, K. M., 1980, Neuroendocrinology 30: 382–388.
Brown, G. M., Young, S. N., Gauthier. S., Tsui. H., and Grota, L. J., 1979, Life Sci. 25: 929–936.
Vaughan, G. M., McDonald, S. A., Jordon, R. M., Allen, J. P., Bohmfalk, G. L., AbouSamra, M., and Story, J. L., 1978, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 47: 220–223.
Cardinali, A. P., Lynch, H. J., and Wurtman, R. J., 1972, Endocrinology 91: 1213–1218.
Hedlund, L., Lischko, M. M., Rollag, M. D., and Niswender, G. D., 1977, Science 195: 686–687.
Banik, N. L., and Hogan, E. L.. 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 ( J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.
Herschkowitz, N., and Cumings, J. N., 1964, J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 27: 247–250.
Klun, B., 1974, J. Neurosurg. 41: 224–228.
Van der Helm, H. J., Zondag, H. A.. and Klein, F., 1963, Clin. Chico. Acta 8: 193–196.
Viallard, J. L., Gaulne, J., Dalens, B.. and Dastugue, B., 1978, Clin. Chico. Acta 89: 405–409.
Nordby, H. K., Tveit, B., and Ruud, I., 1975, Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 32: 209–217.
Sherwin, A. L., Norris, J. W., and Bulcke, J. A., 1969, Neurology (Minneap.) 19: 993–999.
Katz, R. M., and Leibman, W. Z., 1970, Am. J. Dis. Child. 120: 543–546.
Kaltiala, E. H., Heikkinen, E. S.. Karki, N. T., and Larmi, T. K., 1968, Acta Neurol. Scand. 44: 124–129.
Sitzmann, F. C., 1969, Z. Kinderheilkd. 106: 76–88.
Ronquist, G., and Frithy, G., 1979. Ear. Neurol. 18: 101–110.
Van Rymenant, M., and Robert. J., 1960, Cancer 13: 878–881.
Wilcock, A. R., Sharpe, D. M., and Goldberg. D. M., 1973, J. Neurol. Sci. 20: 97–101.
Fonum, F., 1973, Brain Res. 62: 497–507.
Aquilonius, S. M., and Eckernas, S. A., 1976, J. Neurochem. 27: 317–318.
Johnson, S., and Domino, E. F., 1971, Clin. Chinn. Acta 35: 421–428.
Hollunger, E. G., and Nikalasson, B. H., 1973. J. Neurochem. 20: 821–826.
Yaksh, T. L., Felele, L. A., and Yamamura, H. I., 1973, Experientia 30: 38–39.
Davis, K. L., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Kaufman, S., and Friedman, S., 1965, Pharmacol. Rev. 17: 71–99.
Major, L. F., Lerner, P., Dendel, P. S., and Post, R. M., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Lerner, P., Goodwin, F. K., van Kammen, D. P., Post, R. M., Major, L. F., Ballenger, J. C., and Lovenberg, W., 1978, Biol. Psychiatry 13: 685–694.
Fujita, K., Maruta, X., Teradaire, R., Beppu, H., Shinpo, K., Maeno, Y., Ito, T., Nagatsu, T., and Kato, T., 1977, J. Neurochem. 29: 1141–1142.
Lerner, P., Dendel, P. S., and Major, L. F., 1979, Am. Soc. Neurochem. 10: 192.
DePotter, W. P., 1979, Neuroscience 1: 523–529.
Narasimhachari, N., and Lin, R. L., 1975, Brain Res. 87: 126–129.
Colling, K. G., and Rossiter, R. J., 1950, Can. J. Res. 28: 56–68.
Shuttleworth, E. C., and Allen, N., 1968, Neurology (Minneap.) 18: 534–542.
Conchie, J., Hay, A. J., and Levy, G. A., 1961, Biochem. J. 79: 324–330.
Allen, N., and Reagan, E., 1964, Arch. Neurol. 11: 114–154.
Schold, S. C., and Bullard, D. E., 1980, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 549–559.
Shuttleworth, E., and Allen, N., 1980, Arch. Neurol. 37: 684–687.
Klockars, M., Reitamo, S., Webber, T., and Kerttula, Y., 1978, Acta Med. Scand. 203: 71–74.
Terent, A., Hallgren, R., Venge, P., and Bergstrom, K., 1981, Stroke 12: 40–46.
Newman, J., Josephson, A. S., Cacatian, A., and Tsang, A., 1974, Lancet 2: 756–757.
Johnson, R., and Shah, S. N., 1979, Brain Res. 162: 353–357.
Shah, S. N., and Johnson, R., 1978, Exp. Neurol. 58: 68–73.
Reiber, H., and Voss, W., 1980, J. Neurochem. 34: 1324–1326.
Illingworth, D. R., and Glover. J., 1970, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 220: 610–613.
Illingworth, D. R., and Glover. J., 1979, Biochemistry 115: 16.
Swinnen, J., 1967, Clin. Chim. Acta 17: 255–263.
Green, J. P., and Perry, M., 1963, Neurology (Minneap.) 13: 924–926.
Cuzner, M. L., Davison, A. N., and Rudge, P., 1979, Ann. Neural. 4: 337–344.
Ko, G. K. W., Raghupathy, E.. and McKean, C. M., 1973, Can. J. Biochern. 51: 1460–1469.
Brunngraber, E., 1982, Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2 (J. H. Wood, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (in press).
Banik, N. L., and Davison, A. N., 1969, Biochem. J. 115: 1051–1062.
Kurihara, T., and Tsukada, Y., 1967, J. Neurochem. 14: 1167–1174.
Poduslo, S. E., 1975, J. Neurochem. 24: 647–654.
Banik, N. L., Mauldin, L., and Hogan, E. L., 1979, Ann. Neurol. 5: 539–541.
Hidaka, H., Shibuya, A., Asano, T., and Hare, F., 1975, J. Neurochem. 25: 49–53.
Hankiewicz, J., and Lesniak. M., 1972, Enzymologia Biol. Clin. 43: 385–395.
Rabin, E. Z., Weinberg, V., and Tattrie, B., 1977, Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 4: 125–130.
Bien, A., 1968, Neurol. Neurochir. Pol. 18: 479–483.
Kovacs, E., 1953, Can. J. rated. Sci. 31: 437–446.
Blank, A., and Dekker, C. A.. 1981, Bioehern. 20: 2261–2267.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wood, J.H. (1982). Physiological Neurochemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid. In: Lajtha, A. (eds) Chemical and Cellular Architecture. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0614-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0614-7_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0616-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0614-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive