Abstract
In the United States, Western Europe, and the mature health care delivery systems of Asia and Africa, two parasitic diseases should be carefully considered in the evaluation of fever and possible infection in the immunocompromised host: toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis. In addition, three other diseases—strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, and babesiosis—occasionally occur in patients who are immunosuppressed or splenectomized. The ongoing epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has called our attention to two coccidial protozoa—Cryptosporidium and Isospora belli—as causes of diarrhea. These entities should be suspected in any patient with compromised cell-mediated immunity and symptoms of gastroenteritis. It should, however, be acknowledged that in many of the developing countries of the world a number of other common parasitic entities can be expected to afflict both immunosuppressed and normal hosts. Thus, malaria and Chagas disease are occasional causes of transfusion-associated infection, and the risk of hematogenous trypanosomiasis is sufficiently great that in Brazil serologic screening for evidence of infection is analogous to the mandatory requirements for hepatitis serological testing in the United States.1
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Ruskin, J. (1988). Parasitic Diseases in the Compromised Host. In: Rubin, R.H., Young, L.S. (eds) Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6645-8_10
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