Abstract
Human rhinoviruses are one of the major causes of the common cold. They, like other picornaviruses, are icosahedral assemblies of 60 protomers that envelope a single, positive-sense strand of RNA. Each protomer consists of four polypeptides, VP1 — VP4. The three external viral proteins (VP1 — VP3) each have an approximate molecular weight of 30,000 and a similar folding topology (Rossmann et al., 1985; Hogle et al., 1985). The external viral radius is ~150 Å and the total molecular weight is roughly 8.5 × 106. A surface depression, or canyon, that is about 12 A deep and 12 – 15 Å wide, encircles each pentagonal vertex (Fig. 1C). Residues lining the canyon are more conserved than other surface residues among rhinovirus serotypes3. The most variable surface residues are at the sites of attachment of neutralizing antibodies (Rossmann et al., 1985; Sherry and Ruecker, 1985; Sherry et al., 1986). It has been proposed that the cellular receptor molecule recognized by the virus binds to conserved residues in the canyon, thus escaping neutralization by host antibodies that are too big to penetrate into that region. This hypothesis (Rossmann et al., 1985; Rossmann, 1989) is supported by site-directed mutagenesis of residues lining the canyon which alters the ability of the virus to attach to HeLa cell membranes (Colonno et al., 1988). Also, conformational changes in the floor of the canyon, produced by certain antiviral agents that bind into a pocket beneath the canyon floor, inhibit viral attachment to cellular membranes (Pevear et al., 1985). Conservation of the viral attachment site inside a surface depression has been observed for Mengo (Kim et al., 1990) and influenza virus (Weis et al., 1988; Colman et al., 1983).
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Olson, N.H. et al. (1993). Structure of a Human Rhinovirus Complexed with its Receptor Molecule. In: Carrasco, L., Sonenberg, N., Wimmer, E. (eds) Regulation of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses. NATO ASI Series, vol 240. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2928-6_1
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