Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Microbiology of Fermented Foods pp 103–127Cite as

Fermentative upgrading of wastes for animal feeding

  • Chapter

Abstract

With the world human population touching roughly 7 billion by the turn of the century, malnutrition and undernutrition are increasing alarmingly along with food shortages Animal products such as milk, meat and eggs can provide supplementary food of high nutritive value. Hence, intensification of animal production is important. This has been achieved in the developed world (North America and Europe) through several biotechnological innovations such as use of improved genetic stock, better livestock management, improvement in the nutritive value of animal feed and feed conversion efficiency (Orskov, 1993; Perry, 1995). However, in many developing and underdeveloped countries of Asia, inadequate supply of good quality feed is the main factor hindering the intensification of animal production (Ibrahim & Schiere, 1987). According to Devendra (1988), many of the feed resources in South Asia include non-conventional feed resources, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products and are currently designated as wastes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   389.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anthony, W.B. (1971) Animal waste value-nutrient recovery and utilization. Journal of Animal Science, 32(4), 799–802.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnason, J. & Mo, M. (1977) Ammonia treatment of straw. Mimeographed paper No. 72, Dept. Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Norway; presented at the Third Straw Utilisation Conference, Oxford, February 24–25, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, E.W. (1994) Microalgae: Biochemistry and Microbiology,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blier, R., Labiberte, G. & Delanoue, J. (1995) Tertiary treatment by cheese factory anaerobic effluent with Phormidium bohneri and Micractinium pusillum. Bioresource Technology, 52, 151–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bothast, R., Lancaster, E.B. & Hesseltine, C.W. (1973) Ammonia kills spoilage molds in corn. Journal of Dairy Science, 56, 241–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boukila, B., Seoane, J.R., Goulet, J., Bernier, J.F. & Petit, H.V. (1995) Effect of feeding fermented ammoniated condensed whey permeate on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and acid—base balance in sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 75, 135–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broda, P., Sins, P.F.G. & Mason, J.C. (1989) Lignin biodegradation. A molecular biological approach (eds R.D. Marshall & K.F. Tripton), Essays in Biochemistry, 24, 82–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buraczewski, S. & Jeroch, H. (1990) Excrement and activated sludge, in Non-conventional, Feedstuffs in the Nutrition of Farm Animals (ed. K. Bodo), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 139–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canizares, V.R.O., Dominguez, A.R., Cruz, M.S. & Rios, L.E. (1995) Chemical composition of cyanobacteria grown in diluted aerated swine wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 51,111–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesson, A. (1991) Impact of biotechnology on livestock feeds and feeding. Medeldelingen Van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rigksuniversiteit to Gent, 56, 1365–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Nove, J., Proulx, D., Guay, R., Pouliot, Y. & Turcotte, J. (1986) Algal biomass production from wastewaters and swine manure: nutritional and safety aspects, in Microbial Biomass Proteins (eds M. Moo-Young & K.F. Gregory), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 141–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demeyer, D., Dierick, N., Decuypere, J., Van Nevel, C., Spriet, S., Vervaeke, I. & Henderickx, H.K. (1988) Biotechnology for improvement of feed and feed digestion, in Proceedings of the 8th International Biotechnology Symposium,Vol. 2 (eds G. Durand, L. Bobichon & J. Florent), Societé Français Microbiologique, Paris, France, pp. 884–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Detroy, R.W., Lindenfelser, L.A., Ramstock, J.M. & Worden, K.A. (1979) Biological modification of the lignin and cellulose components of wheat straw by Pleurotus ostreatus. Developments in Industrial Microbiology,20, 541–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Detroy, R.W., Freer, S.N., Cunningham, R.L. & Bothast, R.J. (1981) Microbial processes for the conversion of lignocellulose hemicellulose residues to energy and feedstuffs, in Cereals: A Renewable Resource, Theory and Practice (eds Y. Pomeranz & L. Munck), American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, pp. 359–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devendra, C. (1988) Strategies for the intensive utilization of the feed resources in the Asian region, in Non-conventional Feed Resource and Fibrous Agricultural Residues: Strategies for Expanded Utilization (ed. C. Devendra), IDRC, Canada and ICAR, New Delhi, India, pp. 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, P.T., Devendra, C. & Pearce, G.R. (1986) Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges, Canberra, Australia, 117 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugan, G.L., Golneke, C.G. & Oswald, W.J. (1971) Poultry operation with an integrated sanitation waste materials recycling system. Abstracts Excerpts and Reviews of the Solid Waste Literature, Vol. IV, prepared by C.G. Golneke, Serial Report,71–2, 284–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.W. & Lathrop, E.C. (1945) The saccharification of agricultural residues. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 37, 24–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Boushy, A.R.Y. & Van der Poel, A.F.B. (1994) Poultry Feed from Waste, Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 35–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K.-E. & Goodell, E.W. (1974) Pleiotropic mutants of the wood-rotting fungus Polyporus adustus lacking cellulase, mannase, and xylanase. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 20, 371–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1984) Production Yearbook, Vol. 38, Food and Agriculture Organisation, UN, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Givens, D.I. & Moss, A.R. (1995) The nutritional value of cereal straw for ruminants — a review. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews B, 65(11), 793–811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, I.S. (ed.) (1981) Organic Chemicals from Biomass, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haemmerli, S.D., Fiechter, A. & Leisola, M.S.A. (1988) Lignin biodegradation: New Developments, in Proceedings of the 8th International Biotechnology Symposium, Vol. 2 (eds G. Durand, L. Bobichan & J. Florent), Societé Français Microbiologique. Paris, France, pp. 1030–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiroi, T. & Eriksson, K.-E. (1976) Microbial degradation of lignin. Part-I. Influence of cellulose on the degradation of lignins by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Svensk Papperstidn, 79(5), 157–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hrubant, G.R. (1975) Changes in microbial population during fermentation of feedlot waste with corn. Applied Microbiology, 30, 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrubant, G.R. (1984) Fermentative upgrading of wastes for animal feeding, in Microbiology of Fermented Foods,Vol. 2 (ed. B.J.B. Wood), Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, pp. 113–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrubant, G.R. & Detroy, R.W. (1980) Composition and fermentation of feedlot wastes, in Waste Treatment and Utilization (eds M. Moo-Young & G.J. Farquhar), Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, pp. 411–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrubant, G.R., Rhodes, R.A. & Sloneker, J.H. (1978) Specific composition of representative feedlot wastes: a chemical and microbial profile. Science and Education Administration, US Dept. of Agriculture, Report No. SEA-NC-59, 94 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, M.N.M. & Schiere, J.B. (1987) Animal production possibilities using fibrous residues, in Proceedings 4th AAAP Animal Science Congress,New Zealand, pp. 74–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iniguez, C.G., Franco, G., Ma De, J., Pena, R.M. & Ciurlizza, G.A. (1986) Evaluation of the protein quality of solids recovered from hog manure slurry. Agricultural Wastes, 16(2), 11320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iniguez, C.G., Cuaron, I.J.A., Perez, G.P., De la Torre, M.M. & Magana, P.I. (1990) Fermentation characteristics, digestibility and performance of ensiled swine waste, wheat straw and cane molasses fed to sheep. Biological Wastes, 34, 281–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iniguez, C.G., Robles, C.A., Franco, G. & Ma De, J. (1995) Continuous solid substrate fermentation of swine waste recovered solids for pig feed. Bioresource Technology, 50,139–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneshiro, T. (1977) Lignocellulosic agricultural wastes degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus. Developments in Industrial Microbiology, 18, 591–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khazaal, K.A., Owen, E., Dodson, A.P., Harvey, P. & Palmer, J. (1990) A preliminary study of the treatment of barley straw with ligninase enzyme: effect on in vitro digestibility and chemical composition. Biological Wastes, 33, 53–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, T.K. & Farrell, R.L. (1987) Enzymatic combustion. The microbial degradation of lignin. Annual Review of Microbiology, 41, 465–505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, N. & Singh, K. (1990) Chemical and microbiological changes during solid substrate fermentation of wheat straw with Coprinus fimetarius. Biological Wastes,33, 231–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lechtenberg, V.L., Buettner, M.R., Holt, D.A., Richie, C.B. & Parsons, S.D. (1977) Hay preservation by anhydrous ammonia treatment, in Grain and Forage Harvesting, Proceedings, First International Grain and Forage Conference, ASAE Publ. 1–78, American Society for Agricultural Engineering, St. Joseph, Michigan, pp. 327–8, 338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y.Y., Lin, C.M., Johnson, T. & Chambers, R.P. (1979) Selective hydrolysis of hardwood hemicellulose by acids. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 8, 75–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacCarthy, A.J. (1987) Lignocellulose-degrading actinomyces. FEMS Microbiological Reviews, 46, 145–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcoux, V., Beaulieu, Y., Champagne, C.P. & Goulet, J. (1992) Production of Propionibacterium freundenreichii. subsp. shermanü in whey based media. Journal of Fermentation Bioengineering, 74, 45–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maubois, J.L. (1988) Whey, its biotechnological signification. Proceedings of the 8th International Biotechnology Symposium, Vol. 2 (eds G. Durand, L. Bobichan & J. Florent), Societé Français Microbiologique, Paris, pp. 814–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, Z.O. (1980) Feed from animal wastes: state of knowledge, in FAO Animal Production and Health Paper, 18, 132–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Najafpour, G.D., Klasson, K.T., Ackerson, M.D., Clausen, E.C. & Gaddy, J.L. (1994) Biological conversion of poultry processing waste to single cell protein. Bioresource Technology, 48, 65–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, Y. & Orskov, E.R. (1989) Rumen degradation of straw. 7. Effects of chemical pretreatment and addition of propionic acid on degradation characteristics of botanical fractions of barley straw treated with a cellulase preparation. Animal Production, 48, 543–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, Y., Orskov, E.R., Holten, P.M., Ambo, K. & Taskase, Y. (1988) Rumen degradation of straw. 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw. Animal Production, 47, 421–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOFO (1977) Practical application of the ammonia treatment method in Norway. Norsk Hydro Research Centre a.s/Norsk Forkonservering, Oslo, Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orskov, E.R. (1993) Reality in Rural Development Aid, Rowett Research Services Ltd, Aberdeen, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peppier, H.J. (1965) Amino acid composition of yeast grown on different spent sulfite liquors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,13, 34–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peppler, H.J. (1970) Food Yeasts, in The Yeasts, Vol. 3 (eds A.H. Rose & J.S. Harrison), Academic Press, New York, pp. 421–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, F.G. (1995) Biotechnology in animal feeds and animal feeding: an overview, in Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding (eds R.J. Wallace & A. Chesson), VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 1–15.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Puniya, A.K. (1993) Studies on bioconversion of lignocellulosics into enriched animal feed using SSF-ENLAC technology. PhD thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Katmai, India, 204 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raeder, V., Thompson, W. & Broda, P. (1987) Establishing molecular genetics for Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A321, 475–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, R.A. & Orton, W.I. (1975) Solid substrate fermentation of feedlot waste combined with feed grains. Transactions ASAE, 18, 728–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, D.D.Y. (1989) Enhancement of nutritional value of cellulosic feed resources by pretreatment and bioconversion, in Biotechnology for Livestock Production. Prepared by Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 223–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiere, J.B. & Ibrahim, M.N.M. (1989) Feeding of urea-ammonia treated rice straw,Straw Utilization Project Publication No. 3, Kandy, Sri Lanka, Pudoc, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 102 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, M.L., Roberts, E.D., Mitchell, D.W., Kargi, F., Austic, R.E., Henry, A., Vashon, R. & Seeley, H.W. Jr. (1979) Process for the aerobic conversion of poultry manure into high-protein feedstuff. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 21, 12–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, K.C. & Ray, S.N. (1971) Nutritive Values of Indian Cattle Feeds and the Feeding of Animals, ICAR, New Delhi, 109 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapira, J. & Mandel, A.D. (1968) Nutritional evaluation of bacterial diets in growing rats. Nature, 217, 1061–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. & Gupta, B.N. (1993) Bioconversion of cereal straw to animal feed by solid substrate fermentation, in Straw — a Valuable Raw Material, Vol. 2(a), Paper 33, Pira International, Surrey, UK, pp. 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. & Neelakantan, S. (1989) Amino acid composition of yeast single cell protein grown on paneer whey. Journal of Dairy Research, 56, 813–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. & Schiere, J.B. (1993) Feeding of Ruminants on Fibrous Crop Residues. Proceedings, International Workshop, NDRI, Karnal, February 4–8,1993,486 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K., Rai, S.N., Singh, G.P. & Gupta, B.N. (1989) Solid state fermentation of urea-ammonia treated wheat and rice straws with Coprinus fimetarius. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 29, 371–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K., Singh, G.P. & Gupta, B.N. (1992) Biochemical studies of Coprinus fimetarius inoculated straws. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 32, 473–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K., Singh, G.P. & Gupta, B.N. (1993) Studies on Coprinus fimetarius inoculated straws and fungal tolerance to ammonia, in Feeding of Ruminants on Fibrous Crop Residues (eds K. Singh & J.B. Schiere), ICAR, New Delhi and DTAP Agricultural University, Wageningen, pp. 231–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloneker, J.H. (1976) Agricultural residues, including feedlot waste. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium,No. 6, pp. 235–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.W. (1972) Recycling animal wastes as a protein source. Symposium on Alternate Sources of Protein for Animal Production. American Society for Animal Science and Committee on Animal Nutrition, National Research Council, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.W. (1973) Nutritive evaluations of animal manures, in Symposium: Processing Agricultural and Municipal Wastes (ed. G.E. Inglett), AVI Publishing Co., Westport, Connecticut, pp. 55–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.W. (1977) New Feed Resources, FAO Production and Health Paper 4, FAO, Rome, pp. 227–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taiganides, E.P., Chou, K.C. & Lee, B.Y. (1979) Animal waste management and utilization in Singapore. Agricultural Wastes, 48, 65–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilley, J.M.A. & Terry, R.A. (1963) A two-stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 18, 104–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao, G.T. (1978) Cellulose materials as a renewable resource. Process Engineering, London, 13(10), 12–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USNAS-NRC (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Pub. US National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, A.E. (1960) Whey utilization. IV. Availability of whey nitrogen for the growth of Saccharomyces fragilis. Journal of Dairy Science, 43, 1232–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B.A. (1977a) Characteristics of aerobic, solid-substrate fermentation of swine waste-corn mixtures. European Journal of Applied Microbiology,4, 51–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B.A. (1977b) Fermentation of swine waste-corn mixtures for animal feed: pilot-plant studies. European Journal of Applied Microbiology,4, 59–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B.A. (1980) Semicontinuous fermentation of swine waste-corn by feedback inoculum to diminish coliform numbers, in Livestock Waste: A Renewable Resource,Proceedings, 4th International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, American Society for Agricultural Engineering, St. Joseph, Michigan, pp. 77–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadrazil, F. (1977) The conversion of straw into feed by Basidiomycetes. European Journal of Applied Microbiology,4, 273–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zadrazil, F. (1984) Microbial conversion of lignocellulose into feed, in Straw & Other Fibrous Byproducts as Feed (eds F. Sundstol & E. Own), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 276–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadrazil, F., Diedrichs, M., Janssen, H., Schuchardt, F. & Park, J.S. (1990a) Large scale solid-state fermentation of cereal straw with Pleurotus spp, in Advances in Biological Treatment of Lignocellulosic Material (eds M.P. Coughlan & M.T. Amaral Collaco), Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, pp. 43–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadrazil, F., Janssen, H., Diedrichs, M. & Schuchdart, F. (1990b) Pilot-scale reactor for solid-state fermentation of lignocellulosics with higher fungi: production of feed, chemical feedstocks and substrates suitable for biofilters, in Advances in Biological Treatment of Lignocellulosic Material (eds M.P. Coughlan & M.T. Amaral Collaco), Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, pp. 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadrazil, F., Puniya, A.K. & Singh, K. (1995) Biological upgrading of feed and feed components, in Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding (eds R.J. Wallace & A. Chesson), VCH Verlegsgesellschaft GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 55–70.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. S. Neelakantan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kishan Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

    Brian J. B. Wood

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Thomson Science

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Neelakantan, S., Singh, K. (1998). Fermentative upgrading of wastes for animal feeding. In: Wood, B.J.B. (eds) Microbiology of Fermented Foods. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0309-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0309-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7990-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0309-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation