Abstract
The common cold is one of several potential syndromes related to infection of the cells of the respiratory epithelium by any of a group of viruses. All of the viral respiratory syndromes are characterized by nasopharyngeal inflammation as a host response, but the common cold is distinguished from other syndromes by the predominance of symptoms of nasal discharge and obstruction and by the lack of significant temperature elevation (71,73). Although other names such as acute coryza or afebrile respiratory tract viral infection are synonomous with the term “common cold,” the latter persists and reinforces the erroneous lay notion that chilling of the body by exposure to moisture or cold temperatures contributes to the initiation of the illness. During the 20th century it has become clear that exposure of a susceptible person to respiratory virus can induce a cold regardless of the physical environment (3,38). The viruses associated with the common cold include the adenoviruses, the myxoviruses, and, most recently identified, the coronaviruses, but the majority of colds are associated with infection caused by one of the more than 100 serotypes of the rhinovirus (42,59–62,76,77,105,107,117). In spite of an understanding of the viral etiology, control measures are problematic. The ubiquity of the ailment and the susceptibility of virtually the entire population of the Earth to multiple respiratory viruses underscores the need for continued efforts in developing means and strategies for providing immunoprophylaxis, antiviral chemotherapy, and symptomatic relief.
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References
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Levandowski, R.A. (1987). The Common Cold. In: Schlossberg, D. (eds) Infections of the Head and Neck. Clinical Topics in Infectious Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4640-4_7
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