Skip to main content
  • 10 Accesses

Abstract

Control of cell proliferation involves a complex interplay between direct mechanisms linking a cell with adjacent cells and their interstitial stroma, and indirect mechanisms mediated through factors carried by organ vasculature. Disruption of the functional integrity of growth regulatory systems may lead to uncontrolled proliferation and abnormal cellular behaviour manifest in a most extreme form in the development of malignant tumours.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Almendral JM, Sommer D, Macdonald-Bravo H, Burckhardt J, Perera J and Bravo R (1988) Complexity of the early genetic response to growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 8:2140–2148

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Battegay EJ, Raines EW, Siefert RA, Bowen-Pope DF and Ross R (1990) TGFb induces bimodal proliferation of connective tissue cells via complex control of an autocrine PDGF loop. Cell 63:515–524

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benbrook DM and Jones NC (1990) Heterodimer formation between CREB and JUN proteins. Oncogene 5:295–305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berg JM (1989) DNA binding specificity of steroid receptors. Cell 57:1065–1068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bos J (1989) ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res 49:4682–4689

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bravo R (1990) Genes induced during the Go/Gj transition in mouse fibroblasts. Semin Cancer Biol 1:37–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns CP and Rozengurt E (1984) Extracellular Na+ and initiation of DNA synthesis: role of intracellular pH and K+. J Cell Biol 98:1082–1089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter G (1987) Receptors for epidermal growth factor and other polypeptide mitogens. Annu Rev Biochem 56:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho-Chung YS (1990) Role of cyclic AMP receptor proteins in growth, differentiation, and suppression of malignancy: new approaches to therapy. Cancer Res 50:7093–7100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole MD (1986) The myc oncogene: its role in transformation and differentiation. Annu Rev Genet 20:361–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cordingley MG, Riegel AT and Hager GL (1987) Steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the inducible promoter of mouse mammary tumour virus in vitro. Cell 48:261–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curran T and Franza Jr BR (1988) Fos and Jun: the API connection. Cell 55:395–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeCaprio J A, Ludlow JW and Lynch D, et al. (1989) The product of the retinoblastoma gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element. Cell 58:1085–1095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond MI, Miner JN, Yoshinaga SK and Yamamoto KR (1990) Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive and negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 249: 1266–1272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diller L, Kassel J and Nelson CE, et al. (1990) p53 functions as a cell cycle control protein in osteosarcomas. Mol Cell Biol 11:5752–5781

    Google Scholar 

  • Downward J, Graves JD, Warne PH, Rayter S and Cantrell DA (1990) Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation. Nature 346:719–723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont JE, Jauniaux JC and Roger PP (1989) The cyclic AMP-mediated stimulation of cell proliferation. TIBS 114:67–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelman AM, Blumenthal DK and Krebs EG (1987) Protein serine/threonine kinases. Ann Rev Biochem 56:567–613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eliyahu D, Michalovitch D and Oren M (1985) Overproduction of p53 antigen makes established cell highly tumorigenic. Nature 316:158–160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans G (1990) The myc oncogene. In: Carney D, Sikora K (eds) Genes and cancer. John Wiley amp Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp 31–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearon ER and Vogelstein B (1990) A genetic model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cell 61:759–767

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay CA, Hinds PW and Levine A J (1989) The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 57:1083–1093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana JA, Miranda D and Burrows-Mezu A (1990) Retinoic acid inhibition of human breast carcinoma proliferation is accompanied by inhibition of the synthesis of a Mr 39000 protein. Cancer Res 50:1977–1982

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gai X, Rizzo MG, Lee J, Ullrich A and Beserga R (1988) Abrogation of the requirements for added growth factors in 3T3 cells constitutively expressing the p53 and the IFF-1 genes. Oncogene Res 3:377–386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gospodarowicz D, Neufield G and Schwiegerer L (1987) Fibroblast growth factor: structure and biological properties. J Cell Phys Suppl 5:15–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heldin CH and Westermark B (1989) Growth factors as transforming proteins. Eur J Biochem 184:487–496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz JM, Park SH and Bogenmann E, et al. (1990) Frequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma anti-oncogene is restricted to a subset of human tumour cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 87:2775–2779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan DR, Whitman D and Schaffhausen B, et al. (1987) Common elements in growth factor stimulation and oncogenic transformation: 85 kD phosphoprotein and phosphatidylinositol kinase activity. Cell 50:1021–1029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karin M (1989) Complexities of gene regulation by cAMP. TIBS 5:65–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knabbe CME, Lippman ME and Wakefield LM, et al. (1987) Evidence that transforming factorbeta is a hormonally regulated negative growth factor in human breast cancer cells. Cell 48: 417–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kypta RM, Goldberg Y, Ulug ET and Courtneidge SA (1990) Association between the PDGF receptor and members of the src family of tyrosine kinases. Cell 62:481–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamph WW, Wamsley P, Sassone-Corsi P and Vermi IM (1988) Induction of proto-oncogene JUN/AP1 by serum and TP A. Nature 334:629–634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis B, Rhee SG and Felder S, et al. (1990) EGF induces phosphorylation of phospholipase C: a potential mechanism for EGF receptor signalling. Cell 57:1101–1107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miesenhelder J, Suh PG, Rhee SG and Hunter T (1989) PhospholipaseC-y is a substrate for the PDGF and EGF receptor protein tyrosine kinases in vivo and in vitro. Cell 57:1109–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy CJ, Bottaro DP, Fleming TP, Marshall MS, Gibbs JB and Aaronson S (1989) PDGF induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase activating protein. Nature 342:711–714

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moody TW, Pert CB, Gazdar AF, Carney DN and Minna JD (1981) High levels of intracellular bombesin characterize human small cell carcinoma cell lines. Science 214:1246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison DK, Kaplan DR, Escobedo JA, Rapp UR, Roberts TM and Williams LT (1989) Direct activation of the serine-threonine kinase activity of Raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF B-receptor. Cell 58:649–657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moses HL, Yang EY and Pietenpol JA (1990) TGF-β stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: new mechanistic insights. Cell 63:245–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller R, Bravo R, Burckhardt J and Curran T (1984) Induction of c-fos gene and protein by growth factors precedes activation of c-myc. Nature 312:716–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1986) Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C. Science 233:305–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1988) The molecular heterogeneity of protein kinase C and its implications for cellular regulation. Nature 334:661–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ong G, Sikora K and Gullick WJ (1991) Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene does not lead to loss of TGFβ receptor or loss of response to TGFβ in breast cancer cell lines. Oncogene (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardee AB (1989) G1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246:603–608

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quayum A, Gullick WJ, Clayton RC, Sikora K and Waxman J (1990) High affinity receptors for gonadotrophin-releasing hormone are present in human prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 62:96–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauscher III FJ, Morris JF, Tournay OE, Cook DM and Curran T (1990) Binding of the Wilms’ tumour locus zinc finger protein to the EGR-1 consensus sequence. Science 250:1259–1262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rayter SI, Iwata KK, Michitsch RW, Sorvillo JM, Valenzuela DM and Foulkes JG (1989) Biochemical function of oncogenes. In: Glover DM, Hames BD (eds) Oncogenes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 113–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Robey PG, Young MF and Flanders KC, et al. (1987) Osteoblasts synthesize and respond to TGF-beta in vitro. J Cell Biol 105:457–463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rozengurt E (1986) Early signals in the mitogenic response. Science 234:161–166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell P and Nurse P (1986) cdc25 + functions as an inducer in mitotic control of fission yeast. Cell 45:145–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw PE, Schroter H and Nordheim A (1989a) The ability of a ternary complex to form over the serum response element correlates with serum inducibility of the human c-fos promoter. Cell 56:563–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw PE, Frasch S and Nordheim A (1989b) Repression of c-fos transcription is mediated through p67SRF bound to the SRE. EMBO J 8:2567–2574

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shohat O, Greenberg M, Reisman D, Oren M and Rotter V (1987) Inhibition of cell growth mediated by plasmids encoding p53 anti-sense. Oncogene 1:277–283

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silberstein GB and Daniel CW (1987) Reversible inhibition of mammary gland growth by transforming growth factor p. Science 237:291–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sporn MB and Todaro GJ (1989) Autocrine secretion and malignant transformation of cells. N Engl J Med 303:878–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treisman R (1990) The SRE: a growth factor responsive transcriptional regulator. Semin Cancer Biol 1:47–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich A and Schlessinger J (1989) Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 61:203–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein BI (1988) The origins of human cancer: molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their implications for cancer prevention and treatment - Twenty-seventh G.H. A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture. Cancer Res 48:4135–4143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson DG, Bhatt S, Ryseck R-P and Bravo R (1989) Tissue specific expression of c-jun and jun-B during organogenesis in the mouse. Development 106:465–471

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hollywood, D.P., Lemoine, N.R. (1992). Growth Factors, Oncogenes and Tumour Suppressor Genes. In: Hall, P.A., Levison, D.A., Wright, N.A. (eds) Assessment of Cell Proliferation in Clinical Practice. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3190-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3190-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3192-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3190-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics