Abstract
Italy was the colonial ruler from 1890 until 1941 when Eritrea fell to British forces. A British protectorate ended in 1952 when the UN sanctioned federation with Ethiopia. In 1962 Ethiopia became a unitary state and Eritrea was incorporated as a province. Eritreans began an armed struggle for independence under the leadership of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) which culminated successfully in the capture of Asmara on 24 May 1991. Thereafter the EPLF maintained a de facto independent administration recognized by the Ethiopian government. Sovereignty was proclaimed on 24 May 1993. In 1999 fighting broke out along the border with Ethiopia, following a series of skirmishes the previous year. After the failure of international mediation, the 13 -month long-truce between Eritrea and Ethiopia ended in May 2000. Ethiopia launched a major offensive in the ongoing war over territorial disputes and claimed victory. In June both sides agreed to an Organization of African Unity peace deal to end the two-year border war. Dec. 2000 saw the establishment of commissions to oversee border demarcation, refugee issues and prisoner exchanges.
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Further Reading
Connel, D., Against All Odds: a Chronicle of the Eritrean Revolution. Red Sea Press, Trenton (NJ), 1993
Henze, Paul, Eritrea’s War: Confrontation, International Response, Outcome, Prospects. Shama, Addis Ababa, 2001
Lewis, R., Eritrea: Africa’s Newest Country. Christian Aid, London, 1993
Mengisteab, Kidane, Anatomy of an African Tragedy: Political, Economic and Foreign Policy Crisis in Post-Independence Eritrea. Red Sea Press, Trenton (NJ), 2005
Negash, Tekeste and Tronvoll, Kjetil, Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Ohio Univ. Press and James Currey, Oxford, 2001
Wrong, Michaela, I Didn’t Do It For You: How the World Betrayed a Small African Nation. Fourth Estate, London, 2005
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© 2008 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Turner, B. (2008). Eritrea. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_165
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_165
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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