Abstract
Lithuania has been inhabited since the 10th millennium BC, with agriculture developing in the 3rd millennium BC. Baltic tribes settled in the area around 2000 BC. In the 13th century AD their lands came under threat from two German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, prompting several of the tribes to establish a defensive union. The union defeated the Livonians in 1236 and in 1250 its leader, Mindaugas, signed a peace treaty with the Teutonic Order.
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Further Reading
Department of Statistics to the Government. Statistical Yearbook of Lithuania. Annual. Economic and Social Development in Lithuania. Monthly.
Hood, N., et al., (eds.) Transition in the Baltic States. 1997
Kasekamp, Andres, A History of the Baltic States. 2010
Lane, Thomas, Lithuania: Stepping Westward. 2001
Lieven, A., The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence. 2nd ed. 1994
Misiunas, R. J. and Taagepera, R., The Baltic States: the Years of Dependence, 1940–90. 2nd ed. 1993
O’Connor, Kevin, The History of the Baltic States. 2003
Plakans, Andrejs, A Concise History of the Baltic States. 2011
Smith, David J., Purs, Aldis, Pabriks, Artis and Lane, Thomas, (eds.) The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. 2002
Vardys, V. S. and Sedaitis, J. B., Lithuania: the Rebel Nation. 1997
National Statistical Office: Department of Statistics to the Government, Gedimino Pr. 29, LT 01 500 Vilnius. Director General: Vilija Lapéniené.
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Turner, B. (2014). Lithuania. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_263
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_263
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